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1.
大菱鲆生长和耐高温性状的遗传参数估计 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
对来自40个家系的753尾大菱鲆个体进行耐高温实验,测定其生长和耐高温性状.基于是否考虑全同胞家系效应,建立了两种动物模型,用于估算大菱鲆生长和耐高温性状的遗传参数.利用WOMBAT程序采用平均信息约束极大似然法估计各模型中性状的方差组分,用似然比检验法进行不同模型的差异检验.方差组分分析结果显示,估计体质量遗传参数时,采用模型Ⅰ效果较好,相应遗传力为(0.22±0.09);估计肥满度时,两模型间差异不显著,其遗传力范围为(0.21±0.18)～(0.39±0.11);估计耐热性时,采用模型Ⅰ比较理想,遗传力为(0.026±0.034).表型和遗传相关分析结果表明,体质量与肥满度、耐热性的表型相关系数分别为0.13和0.04,肥满度与耐热性的表型相关系数为0.13;体质量与肥满度、耐热性遗传相关系数分别为0.01和-1.00,肥满度与耐热性的遗传相关系数为0.05.研究结果表明,没有考虑全同胞家系效应的模型Ⅰ是估计大菱鲆生长和耐高温性状遗传参数的较好模型. 相似文献
2.
为探明高温对凡纳滨对虾幼虾遗传变异的影响,自2018年由国外引进的4个凡纳滨对虾种群(EGDB、PRMA、API、SIS)构建的育种群中随机选取40个全同胞家系,每个家系随机取100尾个体,分成2份放入指定的试验桶中,共计4000尾仔虾,采用水浴加热法,对试验桶进行升温并记录其相应的存活时间及温度,用单性状动物模型对其耐高温性状进行遗传参数的评估。结果显示：凡纳滨对虾仔虾各家系的耐热性为782.64～2074.33℃?h,表明凡纳滨对虾仔虾家系间的耐热性存在显著性差异;家系间耐热性值的变异系数为10%～68%;当水温由28℃升至40℃时,各家系的累计存活率为58%～99%;利用单性状动物模型结合系谱信息,获得凡纳滨对虾幼虾耐高温性状的遗传力估计值0.22±0.05,属于中等遗传力。试验结果表明,凡纳滨对虾幼虾耐高温性状具有较高的遗传变异水平,遗传改良的潜力较大。本试验结果可为凡纳滨对虾夏季高温养殖和耐高温品系的选育提供数据参考。 相似文献
3.
根据Box-Jenkins建模原理,采用ARIMAR(p,d,q)模型,以大菱鲆选育F1优良家系为研究对象,应用时间序列分析方法对在3～27月龄间不同发育阶段体重的生长速度进行动态模拟,建立各家系的预测模型。结果表明,家系E♂1×E♀2和F♂2×E♀4符合ARIMAR(2,0,0)模型(2个家系的模型都不含常数项),家系F♂4×N♀3、E♂2×F♀1和F♂1×F♀4符合ARIMAR(1,0,0)模型(3个家系的模型都不含常数项),且所建模型的残差均为白噪声。由此预测出27～27.5及27.5～28月龄各家系体重生长速度,经与相应实测数据的验证说明,5个家系各自所建模型在一定程度上能够反映大菱鲆体重生长速度的动态变化过程,对各家系体重生长速度的趋势预测有一定的适用性。通过对每一家系后期生长速度的预测,结合前期生长速度的实测值,综合分析体重生长速度的动态变化,为在大菱鲆选择育种过程中确定最佳选择时间提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
为选育优良的淇河鲫家系,本实验以4个鲤群体和1个淇河鲫(Carassius auratus var.Qihe)群体为亲本共建立家系19个。6月龄时从各家系随机选取50尾个体植入PIT标记,22月龄时测量其体长、体高与体质量,比较各个家系的养殖成活率、生长性状、变异系数及体型。共筛选出7号、10号和15号3个养殖成活率较高的家系、2号和11号2个快速生长家系以及2号和29号2个体型较高的家系,研究显示:各家系的养殖成活率、生长速度和体型与同源或异源精子无明显关联,而与具体的父母本有关,但是其变异系数在同源精子和异源精子建立的家系之间差别较大。 相似文献
5.
白化现象是大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)生产中存在的主要问题之一.2009年,采用大菱鲆育种标准化苗种培育方案培育大菱鲆子二代全同胞家系32个,选取其中白化较为严重的16个全同胞家系(包括6对半同胞家系组合)作为样本家系,抽样测定统计各家系85日龄(dph)幼鱼的形态指标,比较了各全同胞家系白化和正常鱼的形态特征,以及全同胞家系间生长的差异.大菱鲆幼鱼体色分为完全正常、局部白化和完全白化3个类型,白化率统计时将部分白化幼鱼归于白化幼鱼一类.16个全同胞家系的白化率处于17.2％～86.7％范围内,6对半同胞家系组合的白化率差别较大,姊妹家系间白化率差值0 ～ 46％,因此认为白化可能受到母系遗传或卵子质量的影响.多数家系的白化与正常幼鱼的全长、体长、总高、体高、全重差异不显著(P＞0.05).16个全同胞家系样本中,除2个家系外,其余家系的白化与体色正常鱼的可比性状差异不显著(p＞0.05).将各全同胞家系抽样的全部90尾鱼的全重平均值作为指标进行比较,发现全重的生长差异在全同胞家系间表现较为明显.因此,白化鱼与原色鱼的生长和身体形态整体上不存在显著差异.本研究还获得速生候选家系1个,高体型候选家系3个.根据研究结果分析大菱鲆白化现象发生的原因,认为虽然遗传不是大菱鲆白化与否的决定因素,但却是一个重要因素. 相似文献
6.
通过高温刺激和高温水养殖幼鱼的方法研究了大菱鲆不同子二代(F2)家系耐高温能力。对2010年建立的36个子二代(F2)家系50日龄幼鱼,记录使用30℃高温海水进行突变热刺激2h后48h的死亡率;对2009年和2010年所建立的22个和36个大菱鲆F2家系100日龄幼鱼,按照2℃/d速率将养殖温度分别由21.0℃和14.8℃逐步升温至27.0℃和25.0℃,记录不同家系在不同时间的死亡情况。根据热激后存活率表型筛选出高温耐受力强的20个F2家系和11尾F1亲鱼,所筛选出的亲鱼和子代家系有望成为核心育种群体构建的组成部分。 相似文献
7.
菲律宾蛤仔家系的建立及早期生长发育 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
采用不平衡巢式设计建立33个菲律宾蛤仔家系(11个父系半同胞家系和33个全同胞家系),并对各家系蛤仔的卵径、受精率、孵化率及生长、存活和变态的相关指标进行了分析。结果表明:各家系蛤仔的卵径、受精率无显著差异(P>0.05,n=90),但孵化率有明显差异(P<0.05,n=90)。在不同时期各家系蛤仔的生长情况不同。幼虫期间,9日龄C2生长最快比生长最慢的F2平均壳长大28.24%,且差异显著(P<0.05,n=90)。D3绝对生长最大比平均值高37.24%。稚贝期间,40日龄I1生长最快比生长最慢的B3平均壳长大78.29%,且差异显著(P<0.05,n=90)。I1绝对生长也最大比平均值高87.61%,其中400～500μm个体占30%,500μm以上个体占53.33%,家系内个体趋于大型化,而B1、B3家系内个体生长性状出现衰退现象,趋于小型化,300μm以下个体分别占整个家系的83.33%、90%。在相同时期各家系蛤仔的存活率不同。幼虫期间,9日龄I2存活率最高比平均存活率高94.14%,E3存活率最低比平均存活率低72.65%。稚贝期间,40日龄时各家系稚贝的存活率较高,都在85%以上。变态期间,同胞... 相似文献
8.
凡纳滨对虾全同胞家系的建立及生长比较 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
全同胞家系是遗传分析的重要材料。采用自然交配法建立了62个凡纳滨对虾第一代全同胞家系,对其中17个家系进行了比较研究。结果表明,各家系的孵化率、出苗率与雌性亲本的大小相关性不显著。17个家系中有7个家系显示生长优势,其大小顺序依次是A02＞A11＞A01＞A17＞A06＞A08＞A16;7个家系在40周内的生长速度较17个家系的平均值高23.2%。在所有家系中,A01、A02、A11等3个家系的体重显著大于其它家系（P＜0.05）,其平均生长速度较所有家系平均生长速度分别快25.5%、31.6%和31.0%。这3个家系的整齐度良好,在养殖中期的个体变异系数分别为11.58%、9.95%和8.48%,后期均小于5%,显示出优良的经济性状,为进一步选择培育凡纳滨对虾的快速生长新品系奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
虾夷扇贝耐高温育种家系的建立与早期筛查 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
对于贝类选择育种,维系大量家系养殖设施的成本巨大,如果能在贝类早期发育阶段对生长、存活进行筛查,提前舍弃那些存活率低、生长慢的家系,将有助于节约家系育种的成本。本实验通过室内模拟升温,比较了10个稚贝期全同胞家系在不同温度下存活率的差异,并对这10个家系在自然海区的生长、存活进行了一周年连续监测。结果表明:在室内8、13、18和23℃4个温度梯度下,10个家系经蓄养15~20 d后,18和23℃实验组的稚贝存活率差异显著,其中A08和A09家系的存活率最高,即为提前筛选出的耐高温家系;经自然海区一周年养成后,存活的4个家系(A01、A03、A08和A09)的存活率分别为0.9%±0.1%、0.5%±0.1%、34.3%±3.5%和46.5%±5.3%,但家系间壳高差异不显著,表明家系生长与存活无明显相关性;而A08和A09为耐高温家系,这与室内稚贝期升温筛选的结果一致。本实验验证了高温是导致虾夷扇贝夏季大规模死亡的主要原因,并提供了一种在家系稚贝期进行耐高温性提前筛查的方法,将为虾夷扇贝耐高温品系的选育提供参考依据。 相似文献
10.
大菱鲆不同进口群体杂交后代的早期生长差异 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2003-2005年间,分5批收集不同批次进口的大菱鲆群体,从各群体中挑选性腺发育良好的个体,利用人工授精技术,通过不平衡巢式交配设计,构建了5种杂交组合,测试其杂交子一代生长性能,为培育优良的大菱鲆养殖新品种提供基础资料.5个杂交组合共生产31个家系,在初孵仔鱼第25天和第80天,从每个家系随机取样50尾,测定其体长、体重等性状值,计算各杂交组合和家系25～80 d的绝对增重率,通过方差分析、聚类分析比较各组合、家系间的生长性能的差异,并对不同家系25 d和80 d的体长体重相关性进行了分析.结果表明:杂交组合25 d、80 d体重性状间存在较大变异,80 d体重LSD多重比较显示丹麦与法国进口群体的杂交组合(D×F)子一代生长优于其它杂交组合.系统聚类分析表明,丹麦×智利(D×C)组合与丹麦×法国(D×F)组合生长性能较为接近聚为一类,丹麦×西班牙(D×S)组合、丹麦×英国(D×E)组合和英国×西班牙(E×S)3个组合聚为一类,且前者的生长速度高于后者.家系间生长性能聚类分析表明,生长速度最快的家系分布在不同的杂交组合,80 d体重的组合内家系间方差分析也表明组合内家系间存在较大变异.组合间和家系间生长分析发现大部分组合和家系在25 d和80 d的体长、体重性状值排序上不一致.家系相关分析表明,25 d体长、体重与80 d体长、体重间相关系数(0.132、0.096)和决定系数(0.017、0.009)均较小,25 d体长体重对80 d体长体重的影响甚微. 相似文献
11.
Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
12.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
17.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
18.
Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
19.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献