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为明确中国东北地区水稻纹枯病病原菌种类及融合群的归属情况, 2015－2017年从黑龙江省、吉林省和辽宁省的17个水稻主产区采集水稻纹枯病标样, 分离获得水稻纹枯病菌214株, 运用水稻纹枯病菌的不同病原菌及融合群的特异性引物对214株水稻纹枯病菌进行病原菌种类和融合群鉴定, 并利用rDNA内转录间隔区(ITS)序列, 对供试水稻丝核菌的融合群归属进行了分析。结果表明:供试214株水稻纹枯病菌分属于茄丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani和水稻丝核菌Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, 菌株数分别为198株和16株, 占比分别为92.52%和7.48%。茄丝核菌菌株分属于2个融合群, 分别为AG1-IA和AG4, 菌株数分别为191株和7株, 占比分别为96.46%和3.54%。水稻丝核菌菌株均属于AG-Bb融合群, 菌株数为16株。不同年份水稻纹枯病的病原菌种类及融合群出现的频率和地域分布无明显变化, 而不同地域间水稻纹枯病病原菌的种类及融合群具有明显的分化特征, AG1-IA融合群在中国东北三省各个水稻产区均有分布且均为优势融合群, AG4融合群在辽宁省盘锦市出现频率最高, 水稻丝核菌AG-Bb融合群在吉林省吉林市、通化市和梅河口市出现频率最高。 相似文献
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关于RHIZOCTONIA SOLANI菌丝融合分类和有性世代的研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：15
本研究收集、分离和鉴定了约250个代表广泛地理来源、寄主范围和病害类型的Rhizoctonia solani分离物。通过菌丝融合测定,把这些分离物分别归入AG1-AG5 5个菌丝融合群。用土壤覆盖培养法,诱导使AG2-1和AG4的各1个分离物产生了有性世代,鉴定结果表明它们都属于Thanatephorus cucumeris(Frank) Donk。本文对各融合群分离物的病理学、生态学和分类学问题作了初步的讨论。 相似文献
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两个玉米自交系对纹枯病的抗病反应机制初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
玉米纹枯病是由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)引起的一种重要病害。具有优良性状的自交系是开展玉米抗病品种选育的重要种质资源。本试验以西南地区两个优良玉米自交系R08与18-599R为材料,采用人工接种R.solani菌丝融合群AG1-IA,对成株期玉米进行了抗性鉴定,并对病原菌诱导后苗期玉米叶片上的活性氧(ROS)、抗病相关基因(PR1、ZmDREB2A、ZmERF3和WIP1)表达及细胞坏死情况进行了动态检测。结果显示,R08对纹枯病表现为中抗,而18-599R为高感材料;受R.solani侵染后,玉米叶片ROS的积累在R08中较18-599R多;两个自交系中基因表达量及表达时间存在显著差异;R08叶片出现显著的细胞坏死反应,而18-599R相对较轻。本研究表明两个自交系对R.solani的抗性差异主要体现在相关抗病反应的时间和强度上,这为进一步研究玉米纹枯病抗病机理提供了依据。 相似文献
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为明确山东省玉米纹枯病菌对噻呋酰胺的敏感性及其抗药性风险,采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定了采自山东泰安、临沂、潍坊、莱芜、日照及青岛6个地区的102株玉米纹枯病菌对噻呋酰胺的敏感性。结果表明:其EC50值分布范围为0.010～0.194 μg/mL,平均EC50 值为 (0.086 ± 0.004) μg/mL,且敏感性呈连续单峰曲线分布。通过紫外诱导与药剂驯化的方法各获得5株耐药性菌株 (TA3-X2、TA17-X6、LY8-3、QD14-Y7和WF6-A2) 和1株抗性突变体 (QD2-Y4),其抗性水平在6.46～20.08倍之间,突变频率分别为0.87%和0.52%。对抗性突变体生物学性状的研究表明,紫外诱导获得的5株耐药性菌株其耐药性不能稳定遗传,而经药剂驯化获得的1株抗性突变体QD2-Y4的抗药性可稳定遗传;耐药性菌株TA3-X2的菌丝生长速率高于亲本菌株,其余菌株与亲本菌株差异不明显;5株耐药性菌株和1株抗性突变体的菌丝干重和菌核干重均低于亲本菌株;TA3-X2、WF6-A2及QD2-Y4的致病力低于亲本菌株,TA17-X6、LY8-3及QD14-Y7的致病力与亲本菌株无明显差异。交互抗性测定表明,噻呋酰胺抗性突变体与戊唑醇、丙环唑、咯菌腈、井冈霉素、苯醚甲环唑和多菌灵之间均无交互抗性,与啶酰菌胺和氟唑菌苯胺之间则存在交互抗性。研究表明,山东省6个地区的玉米纹枯病菌对噻呋酰胺比较敏感,推测噻呋酰胺可作为防治玉米纹枯病的理想候选药剂。 相似文献
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利用cDNA-AFLP分析纹枯病菌诱导的玉米差异表达基因 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以纹枯病菌AG1-IA(Rhizoctonia solani)诱导玉米高耐纹枯病自交系R15,采用cDNA-AFLP技术分析其基因差异表达谱。在拔节期对R15幼苗进行接菌处理,12、24、36、48、60 h分别取材,以不接菌为对照。用56对AFLP选扩增引物对处理和对照的cDNA进行AFLP分析,得到87个差异片段,回收并剔除假阳性,克隆获得18条阳性差异条带(TDFs)。BLASTn比对结果表明,其中可以找到同源序列的有13个TDFs,按其功能可分为信号传导(2个)、抗病与防御基因(2个)、转录调控(2个)、能量代谢(2个)等。对13个TDFs基因进行了半定量RT-PCR分析,结果表明13个差异片段在对照与处理,或是处理的不同时段存在着表达量的差异。 相似文献
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纹枯病是水稻生产中最重要的病害之一,其病原物立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)是一种典型的土传真菌。前期我们通过立枯丝核菌侵染水稻后转录组测序,发现多个水稻内源miRNA响应R. solaniAG1-IA的侵染,其中Osa-miR535-3p的表达在R. solani侵染后被抑制。为明确Osa-miR535-3p在水稻应答R. solani侵染中的功能,本研究分别构建了Osa-miR535-3p在感病品种Xudao3背景下的敲除和过表达材料。发现与Xudao3相比,Osa-miR535-3p敲除系的纹枯病发病程度显著加重,而其过表达系的发病程度明显减轻。 Osa-miR535-3p敲除系的二级枝梗数目增多、穗长增加、分蘖数减少、千粒重增加,而其过表达系的株高降低、二级枝梗数目减少、穗长变短、分蘖数增多、千粒重下降,表明Osa-miR535-3p也参与调控水稻的农艺性状。通过RNA-seq通路分析,发现Osa-miR535-3p主要是通过影响植物激素信号通路如乙烯(Ethylene,ET)、吲哚乙酸(3-Indoleacetic acid,IAA)等信号相关基因的表达,调控水稻对纹枯病的抗性。本研究结果将为进一步解析水稻抗纹枯病分子机制提供理论参考,同时将为抗纹枯病水稻品种培育提供新思路。 相似文献
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引起玉米纹枯病的立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kühn)多为多核杂核真菌,也难以通过有性态使其细胞核进行单一化。利用原生质体再生的方法对单核玉米纹枯病菌JN的细胞核进行同核纯化,比较从单个原生质体再生菌获得的rDNA\|ITS序列,发现序列间存在差异,说明其细胞核没有达到预期纯化的效果。继而扩增了双核和多核玉米纹枯病菌的rDNA\|ITS序列,发现它们自身的rDNA\|ITS序列也存在差异,因此认为立枯丝核菌的这种rDNA\|ITS序列的差异可能是长期未经过有性阶段的结果且与其细胞核数目无关。使用转化丝状真菌的载体转化纹枯菌未获得稳定的转化子,进而对载体进行了改造,用纹枯菌(AG\|3)actin基因的启动子和终止子控制潮霉素基因构建了载体pRsA。利用PEG介导的原生质体转化方法,实现了对单核纹枯菌的转化,PCR验证得到3个转化子。但在PDA培养基连续继代5代后,转化子的潮霉素抗性消失。结果对改进纹枯菌的转化方法有借鉴意义。 相似文献
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Rhizoctonia solani AG1IA is an important fungal pathogen causing significant yield and quality losses in rice production. However, little is known about the levels of genetic diversity and structure of this pathogen in North India. Out of 240 samples collected from different rice-growing regions of North India, 112 isolates were identified as R. solani AG1IA subgroups using species-specific primers. All 112 isolates were organized into four groups on the basis of percent disease index (PDI). The majority of the isolates were weakly virulent. Population genetic analysis was performed within and between populations using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 8249 alleles were identified from the 112 isolates of R. solani AG1IA through analysis of the ten inter simple sequence repeat markers. All the ten ISSR markers were polymorphic. The average number of bands per primer was 7.3 which ranged in size from 250 to 1500 bp. Genetic structure of the isolates using inter simple sequence repeat primers showed high degree of polymorphism (PIC ≥0.81). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that most of the genetic diversity occurred within populations (60%), while the variability among populations and among regions contributed 25 and 15%, respectively. Overall, the present study reveals that a large variation exists among rice-infecting isolates of R. solani AG1IA in North India. Fingerprinting of the isolates using ISSRs along with phenotypic characterization and virulence analysis will help epidemiological studies that can provide new insights into pathogen biology and disease spread. 相似文献
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Pathotypic and genetic diversity in the population of Rhizoctonia solani AG1‐IA causing rice sheath blight in China 
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下载免费PDF全文 Sheath blight, caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG1‐IA, is one of the most serious diseases of rice. In this study, a total of 175 isolates of R. solani AG1‐IA were collected from five rice‐growing regions in China. Pathogenicity tests revealed that all isolates were virulent to five cultivars with different levels of resistance at the rice seedling stage in the greenhouse. There was considerable variation in aggressiveness, and the isolates were classified into three pathotypes based on disease severity, with moderately virulent isolates prevalent in the population. Forty‐three haplotypes were identified based on ITS sequencing, and 39 haplotypes were distinct among isolates. There were high levels of haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity within the populations of R. solani AG1‐IA. High gene flow (Nm = 1·63–5·22) was detected, consistent with relatively low differentiation between pairs of populations. Five populations were divided into two distinct clusters by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA), and no spatial population differentiation was discernible. The majority (97·8%) of genetic diversity was distributed among isolates within populations, with only 2·2% of the genetic diversity attributed to differences among populations. The star‐like shape of the haplotype network provided evidence of signatures of population expansion in recent history. No significant relationships were found between the genetic diversity and aggressiveness or geographic origin among populations of R. solani AG1‐IA. These results highlight that the population characteristics of R. solani AG1‐IA should be taken into account in evaluating the germplasm resistance of rice cultivars to sheath blight. 相似文献
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水稻品种对细菌性基腐病的抗性及病原细菌致病力分化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用浸根接种法测定了国内外622个水稻品种对水稻细菌性基腐病(Erwinia chrysanthemiBurkholder et al.)的抗性。结果表明,高抗品种有127个,中抗品种210个,中感品种189个,高感品种96个。粳稻发病重于籼稻,国际水稻(IR系统)品种较为抗病,而斯里兰卡水稻(BG系统)品种较为感病。用来自四个省的10个水稻菌株和2个玉米菌株(E.chrysanthemi pv.zeae)在20个水稻品种上人工接种测定,资料经统计分析,结果发现不同地区的水稻菌株并无致病性分化现象;但不同水稻品种间的抗性差异显著,玉米菌株对水稻的致病力相对较弱。 相似文献
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黑龙江省水稻纹枯病菌的致病力分化与AFLP分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了明确黑龙江省水稻纹枯病菌遗传多样性,为水稻抗病育种和水稻纹枯病的综合防治提供依据。本文对采自13个水稻种植地区的29个水稻纹枯病菌菌株进行了致病力测定和AFLP分析。结果表明9对AFLP引物对供试菌株扩增出396条带,其中多态性带187条,占总扩增带数的47.22%。黑龙江省水稻纹枯病菌的遗传距离变化在0.50~0.92之间,平均为0.71,群体遗传多样性较为丰富。UPGMA法可以将供试菌株分成4个AFLP聚类组群(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ),相同地理来源的菌株基本上聚集在同一组群内,表明AFLP类群划分与菌株的地理来源有较强的相关性。黑龙江省水稻纹枯病菌致病性分化较为明显,并且AFLP类群划分与菌株的致病性鉴定之间存在一定相关性。 相似文献
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Vimla Singh Bimal S. Amaradasa Chikappa G. Karjagi Dilip K. Lakshman Karambir S. Hooda Aundy Kumar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(1):45-60
Rhizoctonia solani, a devastating soil borne fungus inciting banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) disease is a constraint in maize production and improvement program. Rhizoctonia isolates collected from seven diverse maize cropping zones of India were examined for morphological and molecular variability. All the tested isolates caused symptoms of BLSB on maize and were also cross infective on rice and sugarcane hosts, but showed significant variability in hyphal diameter, mean hyphal cell size, weight, size and distribution of scleorotia, culture pigmentation, incubation period, pathogenicity and expression of symptoms. Neighbour joining cluster analysis placed the 62 isolates of R. solani into four major groups, A, B, C and D. Group A was more diverse and included isolates of diverse agro-ecological zones. The cluster analysis corresponded well with principle component analysis. Pathogenicity testing of R. solani isolates on maize genotype (CM 501) revealed highly variable virulence pattern of the pathogen population suggesting its high evolutionary potential, and hence adaptability to diverse geographical regions. The study reveals a strong evidence of inherent potential of the R. solani isolates to survive in diverse ecological zones and its probable spread to other maize cultivars across India. Sequence comparisons of the internal transcribed sequence-ribosomal DNA region of 62 isolates did not reveal much diversity among the isolates. Majority of the isolates (n?=?61) clustered together with anastomosis group (AG) AG1-IA used as reference strain in the phylogram, distinct from AG1-IB, AG2–2IIIB and Waitea circinata used as reference strains. BLSB isolates representing distinct geographical locations shared identical sequences indicating long-distance dispersal of the pathogen. The study confirms that the genetic flexibility of the pathogen allows for its adaptation to variable ecological niches and long-distance introduction of new genotypes into the region. The study emphasizes that epidemiological studies may complement the molecular studies. 相似文献
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水稻纹枯病是水稻世界三大病害之一,严重影响水稻的产量与质量,揭示水稻纹枯病菌的致病机理对于防治水稻纹枯病具有重要意义。为此,本研究对立枯丝核菌AG1 IA的自然突变不致病菌株Rs3的形态和组织病理学研究以及基因组重测序分析其关键致病基因的突变,探寻其致病力丧失的原因。研究结果显示,与野生型AG1 IA相比,不致病菌株Rs3具有生长慢、接种水稻叶片不产生侵染附着结构,以及不导致水稻产生坏死病斑等生物学特点。而重测序结果分析显示,与野生型AG1 IA相比,不致病菌株Rs3的基因组范围内存在大量的突变,包括SNP和Indel,其中涉及与菌丝生长相关的actin基因,致病相关的cAMP通路、MAPK通路和钙离子信号等通路基因,以及效应因子相关基因。本研究通过对水稻纹枯病菌不致病菌株的组织病理学差异以及基因组层面上的基因突变分析,从菌株对寄主的识别、侵染生长和致病信号通路方面揭示了Rs3致病力丧失的可能原因,为后续纹枯病菌关键致病因子的发病机理研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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A combined baiting, double monoclonal antibody immunoassay was developed that allows specific and sensitive detection of the economically important soil-borne plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in naturally infested soils. The assay is quick, taking only three days to complete from receipt of soil samples and the immunoassay format allows recovery of Rhizoctonia isolates from colonized baits for determination of anastomosis group (AG) affiliation and pathogenicity. The assay was tested on naturally infested soils from commercial glasshouses used to grow lettuce. Using the immunoassay, conventional anastomosis tests against known AG isolates, and pathogenicity tests, it was shown that R. solani isolates recovered from soil samples were pathogenic towards lettuce and belonged to AG4. Furthermore, those isolates that exhibited strong pathogenicity towards lettuce were recovered from sites that had experienced severe Rhizoctonia damage in previous lettuce crops. The possibility of developing a preplanting test to predict damage to specific crop plants due to the presence of particular AGs in the soil is discussed. 相似文献