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《杂交水稻》2020,(1):52-59
基于2015—2016年湖南不同气候区超级早稻分期播种试验资料及气象数据,探讨了湖南超级早稻产量及产量结构对气象因子的响应。结果表明,湖南不同气候区超级早稻生育期和产量结构存在一定差异,湘北超级早稻生育期较湘南和湘中偏长3～7 d,湘中理论产量最高,湘南理论产量次之,湘北理论产量最低。湖南不同气候区超级早稻产量结构对气象因子的响应存在一定差异,湘南超级早稻理论产量与全生育期的日平均气温和日照时数存在着显著相关性,湘中超级早稻理论产量与全生育期降水量和抽穗—乳熟期气温日较差存在着显著相关性,湘北超级早稻理论产量与全生育期日平均气温、分蘖—拔节期积温和抽穗—乳熟期气温日较差存在着显著相关性。湘南、湘中和湘北地区超级早稻千粒重与抽穗—乳熟期气温日较差存在着显著相关,湘南、湘中和湘北抽穗—乳熟期气温日较差分别为8.6、10.8和9.9℃时,千粒重达最大值。 相似文献
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1979年以来,我们通过连续几年的试验与示范表明,在湘东、湘中、湘南甚至湘北的部分地区,实现双季杂交稻亩产吨粮是完全可能的。1985年,全省九个示范基点的449.24亩双季杂交水稻,平均亩产达2151.5斤,每个点都过了吨粮,受到广大群众的普遍欢迎。因此,进一步发展杂交水稻已成为我省粮食增产的一项战略措施。但是,种植双季杂交水稻后,又出现了杂交晚稻产量赶不上杂交早稻的问题,如何提高杂交晚稻的产量,是当前吨粮开发研究中一个重要课题。 一、杂交组合(或品种)的搭配 目前,我省双季稻中作早稻栽培较为理想的组合(或品种)主要有威优35、威优49… 相似文献
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威优49是湖南杂交水稻研究中心袁隆平等同志选配成的一个早熟杂交水稻新组合。1984年开始在安江农校试种,1985年参加全省江试预试,1986年进入全省区试,益同时在几十个县(市)7.6万亩双季稻田进行双季杂交早稻示范。几年试种、示范的情况表明,威优49具备以下优点:(1)熟期适中:湘南7月15日前后,湘中、湘北7月20—25日可以成熟,适合作双季杂交早稻栽培;(2)苗穗结构好:在一般栽培条件下,成穗率达70—75%,每亩有效穗可达22—25万穗,平均每穗100粒左右,千粒重27—28克;( 3)适应性广:不论山区,丘陵区和湖区均能种植;(4)制种产量高;1986年大面积制种5… 相似文献
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湖南省气候变化与水稻生产及其对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近世纪中，湖南气候变化有地越差异。湘北，湘南部分地方变暖，湘东，湘中，湘西变冷，最冷月气温上升，最热月气温下降，日照减少，降水微增。早稻生产关键的５月，冷暖起伏，周期性明显，８０年代暖期明显，９０年代初呈下降趋势，晚稻生产关键的９月，气候变化随机性大，自８０年代中期以来朝暖变化。为适应未来气候变化，提出了水稻生产对策。 相似文献
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76优312(76-27A/培C212)是湖南杂交水稻研究中心近年来配制的迟熟晚粳组合。1985年参加湘北8个试点的品比试验,平均亩产421.3公斤,比对照矮粳23增产11.32%;1986年全省晚粳区试中,该组合平均亩产457.74公斤,居5个品种(组合)之首,比对照矮粳23增产27.23%(差异达极显著);1987年续试,平均亩产422.47公斤,仍居本组9个品种(组合)之首,比对照鄂宜105增产7.8%(差异达显著水平)。且日产量均高于对照。 该组合在湘北粳稻地区适应性强,湘中适应性弱。全生育期130天左右,株高90厘米左右,株型紧凑、茎秆粗壮、剑叶直立、”穗大粒多,耐肥抗倒性较好,但分… 相似文献
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介绍了南方水稻黑条矮缩病的发病症状及发生规律,分析了2009年以来南方水稻黑条矮缩病在中国及湖南省的发生情况,介绍了湖南省对该病已采取的防治措施,并提出了一系列综合防治措施,对2012年该病的发生趋势进行了预测,并提出了湖南省对该病的防治策略。 相似文献
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Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) is a recently proposed distinct species in the genus Fijivirus, family Reoviridae. During the past decade, SRBSDV has spread throughout southern China and northern Vietnam, and has become one of the greatest threats to rice production in these regions. We evaluated three common planthopper species affecting rice: white-backed planthopper (WBPH, Sogatella furcifera), brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens) and small brown planthopper (SBPH, Laodelphax striatellus) to determine their virus transmission abilities. It was confirmed that WBPH was an efficient persistent-transmitting vector for SRBSDV. Neither BPH nor SBPH were viral vectors, although a small proportion (3.7%) of tested SBPH acquired the virus from diseased rice. We characterized the virus transmission properties of WBPH. 83% of the tested insects fed on virus-infected rice plants became viruliferous. The minimum virus acquisition and inoculation access periods were 5 and 30 min, respectively, for both WBPH nymphs and adults. The circulative transmission periods of the virus in WBPH ranged from 6 to 14 days, and most viruliferous individuals transmitted the virus in intermittent periods ranging from 2 to 6 days. A single individual of WBPH could infect 8–25 rice plants with the virus in a 5-day period. WBPH could transmit SRBSDV from rice to maize seedlings, but it was barely able to acquire the virus from infected maize. These results improve our understanding of the epidemiology of SRBSDV, and will be useful for development of disease control strategies. 相似文献
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对3个甘蔗与斑茅远缘杂交后代BC1进行真实性鉴定及染色体核型分析,以探讨甘蔗与斑茅BC1的染色体传递方式。利用2对鉴定斑茅真实杂交后代的特异引物对3个甘蔗与斑茅BC1进行鉴定,采用根尖分生区细胞去壁低渗涂片法制片,显微拍照计数染色体数目,并进行染色体核型分析。3个BC1材料均为斑茅的真实杂交后代,崖城01-69体细胞染色体核型公式为2n=121=120 m+1 sm,其染色体按2n+n方式传递;崖城01-116的体细胞染色体核型公式为2n=122=118 m+4 sm,其染色体传递方式为2n+n;崖城01-134的体细胞染色体核型公式为2n=121=120 m+1 sm,其染色体传递为2n+n。推断甘蔗与斑茅BC1的染色体以2n+n的方式传递。 相似文献
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【目的】近年来由白背飞虱传播的南方水稻黑条矮缩病给水稻生产造成了巨大损失,开展该病的抗性遗传分析和基因精细定位,将为抗性育种提供材料和理论依据。【方法】分析了抗性材料D4对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性特征,并通过广恢998/D4F2群体分析该病抗性的遗传规律,利用QTL-seq技术联合遗传连锁分析定位主效抗性QTL。【结果】D4对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性表现为抗病毒性而非抗虫性,且受主效基因和微效基因共同控制。QTL-seq和连锁分析将南方水稻黑条矮缩病主效抗性QTL定位于第9染色体上,命名为qSRBSDV9。利用代换作图法进一步将qSRBSDV9定位在102.3kb的区间内,该区间包含21个预测基因,其中9个基因与赤霉素信号传导相关。【结论】揭示了D4对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗性特征及遗传规律,精细定位了南方水稻黑条矮缩病主效抗性QTL qSRBSDV9。这为该QTL的图位克隆及育种利用奠定了基础。 相似文献
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湖南省水稻病虫害绿色防控现状及发展趋势 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
阐述了绿色防控理论的形成和发展,总结了湖南省水稻病虫害发生情况,介绍了湖南省开展水稻病虫绿色防控的做法及主推技术,并对湖南省水稻病虫绿色防控发展趋势进行了展望. 相似文献
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超级杂交稻“种兰产四”丰产工程已在湖南实施5a(2007-2011),示范县(市、区)从20个扩大到47个,累计示范推广面积达83.78万hm2,增产稻谷16.54亿kg.总结了“种三产四”丰产工程实施的种植模式、示范组合、主推技术及保障措施,提出了存在的主要问题和对策,并展望了未来的发展计划和前景. 相似文献
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The major viral diseases that occur on rice plants in Zhejiang Province, eastern China, are stripe and rice black-streaked dwarf diseases. Rice stripe disease is only caused by rice stripe tenuivirus （RSV）, while rice black-streaked dwarf disease can be caused by rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus （RBSDV） and/or southem rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus （SRBSDV）. Here we review the characterization of these viruses, methods for their detection, and extensive surveys showing their occurrence and spread in the province. 相似文献
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2014年采用大区试验示范,研究了水稻病虫防控节药增效技术在江华瑶族自治县（南方水稻黑条矮缩病重发区）及醴陵市（机插秧稻区）的适用性。结果表明,在南方水稻黑条矮缩病及机插秧稻区,水稻病虫防控节药增效技术能有效控制南方水稻黑条矮缩病、纹枯病、稻纵卷叶螟、二化螟及稻飞虱的危害,对其防效分别达95.70%~100.00%、60.36%~84.84%、80.73%~90.41%、95.77%和74.31%~82.06%。此外,该技术的用药量比常规施药技术减少55.62%~78.25%,种稻效益增加209.73~289.35元/667 m2。 相似文献
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Jinling Zhao Chao Xu Linsheng Huang Dongyan Zhang Dong Liang 《Paddy and Water Environment》2016,14(4):439-449
Remote sensing has facilitated the identification of acreage and spatial distribution of field crops with obvious seasonal dynamics. The primary objective of this study is to identify the spatial patterns of double-season early rice, single-season middle rice and double-season late rice of Hunan Province and Yuanjiang City, China, in 2010, using two kinds of time series remotely sensed imagery: 8-day composite MODIS surface reflectance product data (MOD09A1) and HJ-1A/B satellite images with a 4-day revisit period. The available MODIS and HJ-1 CCD images of transplanting and heading stages were first assured in accordance with the schedules of local traditional paddy fields tillage. Based on the MOD09A1 data product, time series normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) images were calculated and smoothed to remove the noise and the atmospheric effects. Second, the spatial distribution and planting acreage of three types of rice of Hunan Province were derived from combining the enhanced vegetation index and land surface water index according to the water background and variation characteristics of NDVI values at transplanting and heading stages. Conversely, a two-test procedure was used to finish the identification of paddy rice in Yuanjiang City using time series HJ-CCD imagery. The first test was to derive the potential rice pixels using the NDVI image (?NDVI) between heading and transplanting stages, and the second test was to remove the non-rice pixels using maximum likelihood supervised classification. The experimental results showed that three types of rice were mainly distributed along the Dongting Lake Basin in Hunan Province and the relative errors were ?10.99, 1.46 and ?5.87 %, respectively, while they were primarily planted in the northern plains of Dongting Lake in Yuanjiang City, where the relative errors were 12.1, 16.7 and 0.8 %, respectively. We conclude that transplanting and heading stages are the best phenological combinations for identifying paddy rice through remote sensing time series analysis, and this study can provide a basis for evaluating paddy rice yield on a large scale . 相似文献