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壳寡糖（Oligochitosan,OCS）,作为绿色饲料添加剂,具有许多重要的生物活性功能,如促进生长、抗氧化等,但对石斑鱼免疫调控机制的研究还未解读。本试验通过在基础试验饲料中添加0（对照组）、100、200、400、800、1600 mg/kg的壳寡糖,配制出5种试验饲料并投喂虎龙斑（Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀× Epinephelus lanceolatu ♂）4周后,分析饲料中添加壳寡糖对虎龙斑的生长、非特异性免疫、肠道菌群多样性以及抗病力的影响。结果显示：（1）壳寡糖能显著提高石斑鱼的增重率、降低饲料系数,但对肥满度和存活率无显著影响。（2）采用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）技术对虎龙斑中肠的免疫基因表达进行检测,结果显示壳寡糖可显著提高免疫相关基因表达水平（p < 0.05）,激活炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β、TGF-β1、TOR、TLR3的表达,提高GPx、CAT、MnSOD的表达来改善抗氧化能力,并增加紧密连接蛋白ZO-1、ZO-2、ZO-3、Claudin-3α的表达。（3）通过微生物组高通量测序来揭示壳寡糖投喂石斑鱼的肠道微生物群落结构,结果表明,实验组和对照组肠道细菌优势类群丰度和α多样性无显著差异（p > 0.05）;但是800 mg/kg组的益生菌所占丰度增加,细菌群落β多样性差异明显,可改变其群落组成结构。（4）以哈维氏弧菌（Vibrio harveyi）攻毒7 d后,800 mg/kg组的累积死亡率显著低于对照组和其他实验组（p < 0.05）,并显著改善肠道形态。综上所述：饲料中添加适量的壳寡糖能促进虎龙斑的生长、提高免疫力、改善肠道菌群及增强抗病力。 相似文献
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为了解在不同投喂方式下大黄鱼的肠道微生态结构,研究采用高通量测序的方法对投喂冰鲜饲料和投喂颗粒饲料的大黄鱼的肠道菌群进行高通量测序,分析了肠道菌群结构差异。研究表明:变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)是大黄鱼肠道的主要菌群,其中变形菌门的丰度超过了30%;不同投喂组的大黄鱼肠道菌群结构存在一定差异,投喂冰鲜料组大黄鱼肠道内菌群OTUs和菌群的α多样性略低于投喂颗粒料的。 相似文献
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在水温25~30℃下,将体质量为(110.23±0.43)g的草鱼饲养在3.0 m×2.0 m×1.2 m的加盖网箱中,分别投喂添加0%(对照组)、0.5%和2%的由芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌以及酵母菌复配且以麸皮为载体制成的微生态制剂(8.0×10~9 cfu/g)的膨化饲料饲养60 d,探究微生态制剂对草鱼生产性能和肠结构、菌群及酶活性的影响。试验结果显示,饲料中添加2%微生态制剂显著提高草鱼质量增加率、特定生长率(P<0.05),显著降低饲料系数、脏体比(P<0.05);饲料中添加2%微生态制显著提高肠伸展率、中肠肌层厚度和绒毛高度(P<0.05),提高中肠淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。饲料中添加微生态制剂增加草鱼肠道菌群α多样性、丰富度;改变草鱼肠道微生物组成,门水平上,对照组的草鱼肠道微生物中梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门含量最高(63.56%、32.52%)。0.5%添加组的草鱼肠道微生物中梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门含量最高(61.82%、20.27%)。2%添加组的草鱼肠道微生物中厚壁菌门含量最高(64.20%)。属水平上,2%添加组草鱼肠道优势菌属直接发生改变,Paeniclostridium和Erysipelatoclostridium丰度大幅上升。随着微生态制剂添加量的增加,肠道微生物的代谢功能增强,组成中与无机离子转运和代谢、碳水化合物转运与代谢、氨基酸转运与代谢等功能相关的菌群丰度升高。综上可知,饲料中添加芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌以及酵母菌等组成的微生物制剂可作为生产草鱼绿色饲料的重要措施。 相似文献
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为研究新型抗菌物质凹凸棒土对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、消化能力、抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响。实验选取初始体质量为（0.17±0.01）g的幼虾，分别投喂0% (对照)、0.1% (S1)、0.2% (S2)、0.4% (S3)、0.8% (S4)含量的凹凸棒土饲料，以及含有0.2%恩诺沙星抗生素对比组饲料(E)，养殖8周。凹凸棒土处理组对虾增重率均未见显著提升，但S1、S2组对虾存活率显著高于对照组，与E组没有显著差异。相比于对照组，凹凸棒土添加组提高了幼虾肠道淀粉酶活性，以及肝胰腺中脂肪酶活性。S2组对虾血清酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组和E组。S3和S4组对虾的肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于其他组。肠道菌群α多样性分析显示，S2组肠道微生物丰富度Chao1指数有所下降，但是覆盖度显著提高。与对照组相比，S2组部分属的丰度调节作用与恩诺沙星类似。根据代谢通路差异分析与种间关系作图，与E组相比，凹凸棒土能够上调牛磺酸、谷胱甘肽、半乳糖和脂肪酸代谢的4条通路，并增加肠道微生物种间合作能力。在饲料中添加0.1%~0.2%的凹凸棒土能够显著提高凡纳滨对虾的成活率、消化能力和肝胰腺抗氧化能力，并在调节对虾肠道部分菌群丰度方面起到类似于恩诺沙星的作用，能改善肠道菌群结构和相应功能。 相似文献
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将草鱼放入网箱中,在基础饲料中分别添加不同剂量的酵母多糖、壳聚糖和甘草酸后,进行投喂,研究其对草鱼血清中菌酶(LSZ)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及补体C3活性的影响。结果表明:投喂添加中药免疫添加剂的饲料49d后,与对照组比较,酵母多糖添加剂各组、壳聚糖高剂量组草鱼血清LSZ活性显著提高(P0.05);酵母多糖低剂量组、中剂量组和壳聚糖高剂量组草鱼血清CAT含量显著提高(P0.05);酵母多糖中剂量组草鱼血清补体C3活性显著提高(P0.05),说明中药免疫添加剂对增强草鱼免疫活性具有一定的作用。 相似文献
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为研究饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis WTC019)对草鱼生长性能、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响,选取平均体重为(146.23±14.56)g的健康草鱼,对照组(A组)只投喂基础饲料,试验组(B、C、D组)分别投喂含106、107、108CFU/g B.subtilis WTC019的基础饲料,试验60 d。结果显示:试验组草鱼的增重率和特定生长率均显著高于对照组,草鱼肠道中的淀粉酶、脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性均显著高于对照组,其中D组的草鱼肠道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性最高,C组的草鱼胰蛋白酶活性最高。添加组过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽含量均显著高于对照组,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性变化不显著。由此得出,B.subtilis WTC019可提高草鱼的消化酶的活力和抗氧化功能,进而可促进草鱼生长。 相似文献
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饲料氧化鱼油引起草鱼肠道黏膜结构屏障损伤 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了研究饲料氧化鱼油对草鱼肠道屏障结构和肠道通透性的影响。(实验目的)以豆油、鱼油、氧化鱼油作为饲料脂肪源,分别设计鱼油组(6F)、豆油组(6S)、2%氧化鱼油(2OF)、4%氧化鱼油(4OF)及6%氧化鱼油(6OF)5组等氮、等能半纯化饲料,在池塘网箱养殖草鱼(平均体重74.8士1.2)72d。采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)的方法,测定了草鱼肠道紧密连接蛋白中闭锁蛋白Occludin,闭合蛋白Claudin3、Claudin15a和胞浆蛋白ZO-1、ZO-2、ZO-3的基因表达活性,并结合肠黏膜细胞间紧密连接结构透射电镜观察结果、肠道通透性标志性指标测定结果综合分析。(实验方法)结果显示：在添加氧化鱼油后,(1)血清二胺氧化酶活性、内毒素和D-乳酸含量都出现显著增加(P<0.05);(2)组成肠黏膜细胞间紧密连接结构的闭合蛋白Claudin-3、Claudin-15a和胞浆蛋白ZO-1、ZO-2、ZO-3基因表达活性显著下调(P<0.05),而闭锁蛋白Occludin基因表达活性出现不同程度的下调,但差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)透射电镜观察结果显示肠黏膜细胞间紧密连接结构出现缝隙;⑷饲料中的AV值、POV值、MDA含量与闭合蛋白Claudin-3、Claudin-15a,胞浆蛋白ZO-1、ZO-2、ZO-3和闭锁蛋白Occludin基因表达活性均显示负相关关系的变化趋势,其中饲料POV值、MDA含量与胞浆蛋白ZO-1基因表达活性呈极显著负相关关系(P<0.05)。(实验结果)结果表明,在饲料中添加氧化鱼油后,氧化鱼油中的过氧化物、丙二醛等油脂氧化产物导致组成肠道黏膜细胞间紧密连接结构的蛋白基因表达活性显著下调、紧密连接物理性结构显著损伤,致使肠黏膜屏障结构的完整性被破坏、肠黏膜通透性显著增加。(实验结论) 相似文献
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全营养破壁酵母对仿刺参非特异性免疫及肠道菌群的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)体质量(0.65±0.03)g,基础饲料中添加5%(质量分数)全营养破壁酵母为实验饲料,以基础饲料为对照。分别于投喂后第15天和第30天检测仿刺参体腔细胞数量、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,于第30天计数肠道菌群。结果显示,实验组仿刺参体腔细胞数量与对照组差异不显著;ACP、AKP、CAT活性均比对照组有所增高,其中第15天CAT活性和第30天AKP活性与对照组具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。投喂破壁酵母对仿刺参肠道菌群有一定影响,可显著降低肠道内异养菌总数及弧菌数量。研究表明,全营养破壁酵母对仿刺参非特异性免疫活性有增强作用,且对肠道有害菌群有一定抑制作用,但其对肠道菌群的影响及适宜添加量等需进一步研究。本研究旨在探索全营养破壁酵母在海参育保苗中的作用机理,以期为仿刺参安全健康养殖开发新型绿色添加剂提供科学依据。 相似文献
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为研究3种乳酸菌对乌鳢生长、抗氧化及免疫功能的影响,实验选用初始体质量为(3.43±0.05) g的乌鳢360尾,随机分成4组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。分别投喂基础饲料和添加了10~8 CFU/g的乳酸乳球菌L21(L21组)、植物乳杆菌W21(W21组)、粪肠球菌L2(L2组)的实验饲料,8周后,采集乌鳢血清、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和肠道,以检测相关指标以及基因表达水平的变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,饲料中添加的3种乳酸菌均可显著提高乌鳢的平均增重率(AWGR)、特定生长率(SGR)及饲料效率(FER),其中L21组显著高于其他各组。与对照组相比,L2组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)及碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于对照组,W21和L2组溶菌酶(LZM)活性显著高于对照组,各组免疫球蛋白M(IgM)活性均不显著。各组织中IL-1β、IL-8、IL-10和TNF-α基因表达水平均有不同程度升高,乳酸菌对肠道中免疫相关基因表达均有显著的促进作用。研究表明,本实验条件下,乳酸乳球菌L21对乌鳢的应用效果最好,能够提高乌鳢的生长性能、饲料利用及免疫基因表达,但对血清抗氧化能力并无显著影响。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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