共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
《农业研究与应用》2015,(5)
以6份可溶性糖含量不同的甜玉米自交系为材料,按GriffingⅣ杂交试验设计方法组配15个杂交组合,对甜玉米自交系可溶性糖含量进行配合力分析,并估算群体遗传参数。研究结果表明,6个自交系一般配合力(GCA)效应差异显著,自交系Su138 GCA效应为最大正效应,其次是Su119、Su579和Su528;Su325和Su311表现负的GCA效应。结合杂交组合实际可溶性糖含量与特殊配合力(SCA)效应进行分析,Su138所组配的各组合可溶性糖含量表现和SCA效应均较好。群体遗传参数分析结果表明,该性状广义遗传力为78.0%,性状遗传主要为加性效应,存在一定的非加性效应,环境条件对性状表现影响较大。 相似文献
2.
陆地棉优质新种质主要经济性状配合力分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
两个陆地棉型优质新种质— 95 42 2系和 95 1 78系同鲁棉 1 4号、中棉所 1 6号和Acala4 42共 5个亲本配成 5× 5 =2 5个杂交组合 ,按Criffing方法 1、模式Ⅰ设计分析了F1 纤维长度、纤维强度、马克隆值、皮棉产量、衣分率、单株铃数、单铃重和籽指共 8个主要经济性状的配合力、遗传力。经分析 ,3个纤维品质性状的遗传主要受加性效应控制。纤维长度的加性效应远比非加性效应的作用重要 ,并估算出较高的广义遗传力 (94 8% )。加性效应为控制马克隆值遗传最主要的成份 ,非加性效应虽占比重小 ,但特殊配合力仍达极显著水平 ,马克隆值的广义遗传力较高 (84 1 5 % )。纤维强度为加性效应所控制 ,非加性效应作用微小。 5个产量性状的广义遗传力中等偏下 ,其中以皮棉产量最高 (6 5 31 % ) ,一般配合力和特殊配合力效应方差均达到极显著水平 相似文献
3.
选用9个冬小麦品种,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交设计,对淀粉主要品质性状进行了配合力及相关分析。结果表明：淀粉品质性状一般配合力和特殊配合力方差均达显著或者极显著水平,综合考虑亲本各性状一般配合力相对效应,中优9507、济麦20、偃展4110适合做面条和馒头小麦品质育种优良亲本;藁麦6/偃展4110和扬麦16/偃展4110,一般配合力效应和特殊配合力效应表现优秀,总的配合力效应表现也最好,利用价值大,为优良组合。直链淀粉的遗传主要是基因的累加效应,粘度性状、总淀粉、蛋白质品质性状的遗传以加性效应为主,非加性效应为辅;峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度狭义遗传力达74.47%以上,宜在早代进行选择;直链淀粉、膨胀势在50%以下,高世代选择效果较好。峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度与支链淀粉、总淀粉、膨胀势呈极显著的遗传负相关,而与直链淀粉、降落数值均呈显著或极显著遗传正相关,可以完全同向选择。 相似文献
4.
籼型杂交稻稻米碾磨品质与外观品质的配合力及遗传力研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
选择米质不同的 7个不育系和 7个恢复系 ,采用NCⅡ交配设计分析碾磨品质与外观品质性状的配合力。结果表明①所有性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力均达到了显著或极显著水平。在糙米粒长、粒宽、长宽比 ;整精米粒长、粒宽、长宽比、垩白度等性状上基因加性效应占主导地位 ;在糙米率、精米率、整精米率、垩白率、垩白大小等性状上则以基因的非加性效应为主。②通过对母本、父本及其互作对F1贡献率分析 ,父本基因型方差在糙米率、精米率、糙米粒长、整精米粒长、垩白大小等性状上比母本对一般配合力方差所作贡献大。母本在整精米率、糙米粒宽、糙米长宽比、整精米粒宽、整精米长宽比、垩白率、垩白度这些性状上比父本所作贡献相对要大。③亲本一般配合力与特殊配合力在各性状上均是相互独立的 ;一般配合力与亲本自身的表现型值则有一定程度的相关 ,说明在育种中必须注意亲本自身性状的改良。④狭义遗传力以糙米粒长、糙米粒宽、糙米长宽比、整精米粒长、整精米粒宽、整精米长宽比较高 ,这些性状可作为早代选择的间接指标。 相似文献
5.
水稻籽粒碳氮代谢与品质性状间遗传相关性的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究分析水稻籽粒C、N代谢与稻米主要品质性状间遗传相关性结果表明,水稻籽粒C、N代谢与稻米主要品质性状间有一定遗传相关性,提高可溶性糖含量,则糖氮比显著提高,糙米长、千粒重和直链淀粉含量显著降低;提高全N含量可能显著提高糙米厚和直链淀粉含量,而糖氮比、糙米长和千粒重随之显著降低;随糖氮比的提高,糙米厚、千粒重和直链淀粉含量将显著降低。种子、细胞质和母体植株3套遗传体系同时对成对性状的遗传相关性起作用,且各遗传体系在不同成对性状间的作用效果各异,可溶性糖含量与糙米宽、可溶性糖含量与糙米厚、全N含量与糙米长、全N含量与糙米厚等成对性状间遗传相关性主要受种子直接效应的控制;而可溶性糖含量与糙米长宽比、可溶性糖含量与千粒重、可溶性糖含量与直链淀粉含量、全N含量与糙米宽、全N含量与糙米长宽比、糖氮比与糙米宽、糖氮比与糙米厚等成对性状则以母体植株效应为主。 相似文献
6.
玉米核不育突变体K305ms主要性状配合力及产量杂种优势研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确K305ms的应用潜力,选用雄性不育突变体K305ms群体中不育株(msms)、可育株(Msms)和野生型K305(Ms Ms)3种基因型的植株,以及与10个测验种采用不完全双列杂交组配的30个组合为材料,分析比较3种基因型对玉米主要性状配合力和杂种优势的影响。结果表明,K305ms群体中不育株和可育株在所考察性状上均无显著差异。与野生型K305相比,不育株单株叶面积极显著增加,雄穗变小,穗长极显著增加,出籽率和百粒重极显著减小,单株产量等其余性状差异均不显著;不育株穗行数一般配合力表现极显著正效应,而秃尖长等4个性状一般配合力则呈极显著负效应,其可育株与不育株性状一般配合力的表现趋势基本一致,K305ms在增加杂交组合穗行数和缩短秃尖长方面具有较好的潜力。3种不同基因型组配的同型杂交组合中,多数组合单株产量特殊配合力在不同地点表现正负效应不同,说明母本育性基因型差异与产量特殊配合力高低并无必然联系;其多数组合单株产量的对照优势差异不显著,表现与地点间存在极显著的互作关系,表明实践上需要严格的多生态比较鉴定。综合分析表明,K305ms具有进一步研究和开发利用前景。本研究为突变体K305ms在玉米不育化育种和生产中的应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
7.
采用完全双列杂交的统计分析方法,对2个玉米花培纯系和4个普通自交系的5个性状,进行了一般配合力和特殊配合力的分析.结果表明,6个纯系5个性状的一般配合力和特殊配合力有差异.花培纯系双白的单株粒重和穗长两性状的一般配合力最高,且其特殊配合力方差最小,说明该纯系能稳定地把高产、穗长的特性遗传给后代.339-2的单株粒重性状的一般配合力与南60-1相当,但其特殊配合力方差最大,与南60-1组配,可获得强优势组合. 相似文献
8.
抗黄矮病小麦品系粒重遗传特性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
采用Griffing方法I,对抗黄矮病 (BYDV)小麦品系单株粒重、单穗粒重和千粒重遗传特性研究结果表明 ,3种粒重遗传符合加性 显性遗传模型 ,细胞质作用对千粒重影响较小 ,株粒重和穗粒重则存在明显核质互作 ;3个抗黄矮病品系中“临抗 1号”单株产量特殊配合力方差最大 ,一般配合力效应值也较高 ,亲本组合间存在极显著差异 ,为优良抗病丰产亲本 ,在抗病育种中有较大利用价值。 相似文献
9.
岑溪软枝油茶优良无性系主要经济性状相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《农业研究与应用》2012,(1)
为研究岑溪软枝油茶优良无性系果实经济性状的相关性,对岑软系列7个无性系进行果实主要经济性状的测定和统计分析,结果显示:单果重与果高、果径、鲜籽重存在极显著正相关关系;鲜籽重与鲜籽数、鲜出籽率、干出籽率、干出仁率、鲜果含油率存在极显著正相关关系,但与果皮厚度呈极显著负相关,因此在良种选育时,果重、籽大、皮薄的茶果经济性状好,出油率高。 相似文献
10.
两系杂交水稻主要性状配合力与亲本籼粳分化关系的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选用4个光温敏核不育系及54个常规品种（系）,按NCII设计配制杂交组合,以籼粳特异RFLP标记及形态指数法检测供试品种（系）的籼粳分化程度,研究两系杂交水稻主要性状一般配合力及特殊配合力与双亲籼粳分化的关系。结果表明,①多数品种的籼粳遗传分化和形态分化相一致,只有个别品种不一致;②组合间一般配合力方差大于特殊配合力方差,基因加性效应更重要;③亲本的一般配合力效应及其特殊配合力效应对F 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
14.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
18.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. 相似文献