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葡萄皮尔斯病(Pierce's disease of grapevine)是由木质部难养细菌(Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.)引起的一种毁灭性病害,首次发现于美国加州,后传入美国其他州及中、南美洲,欧洲和亚洲也有分布,该病害在美国曾毁掉大量的葡萄园,除此之外,其病原细菌还可引起其他一些植物病害,鉴于该病害的经济重要性,应对其进行深入研究,同时,加强口岸检疫,严防该病害传入. 相似文献
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北京市葡萄炭疽病病原菌的分子鉴定 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
正葡萄是北京市重要的经济作物,葡萄炭疽病是栽培中的常见病害,造成减产10%~20%。近年来,常采用多基因系统发育分析结合形态学特征鉴定该病病原菌,日本(Suzaki,2011)、澳大利亚(Greer et al.,2011)等国家将其鉴定为胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和(或)尖孢炭疽菌C.acutatum,我国 相似文献
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正Kreuze et al(.2009)发现病毒特异的小RNA(small RNA,sRNA)为多拷贝的重叠序列,推测可通过深度测序技术获得病毒的大量sRNA序列,经拼接和比对分析后能高效鉴定病毒种类。目前,利用sRNA深度测序技术已在作物和昆虫上发现多种病毒(Liu et al.,2011;He et al.,2015)。2013年本课题组在葡萄病害调查过程中发现,伊犁州部分地区的葡萄在种植4~5年后,叶片黄化、变小,整个植株矮化,座果 相似文献
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葡萄卷叶病是葡萄上一种重要的病毒病,在国内分布较为普遍,引起该病的葡萄卷叶伴随病毒(Grapevine leafroll-associated virus,GLRaV)是由多种病毒单独或复合侵染造成.已报道的GLRaVs至少有5种,其中GLRaV-3是葡萄卷叶病毒属Ampleovirus典型成员(Ling et a1.,2004).目前,检测GL-RaV-3的方法主要有指示植物法、酶联免疫吸附法、分子生物学检测法等,而这几种技术均存在不足.SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光RT-PCR技术关键要避免引物之间、引物与其它模板之间的非特异性互作干扰.由于DPO引物自身以及引物之间很少形成二级结构且对退火温度不敏感等特点(Chun et al.,2007),因此,本研究结合SYBR Green和DPO引物的各自优点,建立一种特异性强、灵敏度高的GL-RaV-3检测方法,以期为葡萄卷叶病毒的快速检测及预防提供技术支持. 相似文献
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正柑橘黄化脉明病毒(Citrus yellow vein clearing virus,CYVCV)和柑橘褪绿矮化病毒(Citrus chlorotic dwarf-associated virus,CCDaV)是2种最近在我国发生的柑橘病毒(Chen et al.,2014;Guo et al.,2015),主要通过带病苗木和昆虫传播(陈洪明等,2015),对我国柑橘产业造成了严重损失。目前尚无防治CYVCV和CCDaV的药剂,种植无病毒苗木和加强病害检测是重要的防治途径。当前虽已建立了CYVCV和CCDaV的RT-PCR检测方法(Loconsole et al.,2012;陈洪明等,2015),但鉴于田间可能存在 相似文献
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F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
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调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
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Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
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福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
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E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
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Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
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为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。 相似文献
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