共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 295 毫秒
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《中国预防兽医学报》2019,(9)
正马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)与艾滋病病毒相似,在体内的主要靶细胞是免疫细胞,并且可以在马体内长期潜伏感染,给养马业造成了重大的经济损失。由中国农业科学院哈尔滨兽医研究所研制的EIAV弱毒疫苗,是首例经大规模应用证实安全、有效的慢病毒疫苗。阐明该疫苗的作用机理,将为其它慢病毒疫苗的研究提供借鉴。研究表明,EIAV强毒株(EIAVDLV34)感染可造成宿主的"炎症风暴",并引起致病性损伤,而弱毒疫苗株(EIAVDLV121)感染的宿主细胞可发生高水平的细胞凋亡,进而被清除。该现象与EIAV弱毒疫苗的免 相似文献
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将马传染性贫血病毒驴白细胞毒疫苗(DLA—EIAV)、DLA—EIAV感染性分子克隆衍生毒(vOK8226)以及强弱毒嵌合毒(vOKVltr)分别接种健康马，并于接种后第220d，用EIAV强毒辽宁株(L-EIAV)攻击，观察临床变化，并测定接种后各结构蛋白的抗体变化。结果发现，攻毒后，2匹非免疫对照马和克隆衍生毒接种组中的1匹马体温均出现典型的稽留热并死亡，死亡马呈现典型的马传染性贫血的病理组织学变化，其他免疫马未见任何临床变化；在攻毒后第450d剖杀所有存活马，也未见任何病理组织学变化。抗体检测结果表明，免疫接种后攻毒前各组p11和p9抗体均检测不到，嵌合毒接种组p15、p26和gp45抗体水平高于其他组。攻毒后非免疫对照马体内抗p9、p11、p15、p26和gp45抗体均显著升高，并持续至死亡；嵌合病毒接种马体内各结构蛋白抗体水平与攻毒前没有显著变化，克隆衍生毒接种马体内各结构蛋白抗体水平比攻毒前有所升高。通过临床观察、病理组织学检测以及攻毒后各结构蛋白抗体记忆反应情况分析，置换了强毒LTR的DLA—EIAV感染性分子克隆衍生毒(强弱毒嵌合病毒)免疫马能够抵抗马传染性贫血病毒强毒的攻击，获得完全保护，而DLA—EIAV感染性分子克隆衍生毒免疫马未能完全抵抗强毒的攻击。 相似文献
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分别以EIAV辽宁马强毒株（EIAVliao）前病毒DNA和马传染性贫血驴白细胞弱毒疫苗株（EIAVDLV）前病毒DNA为模板,从免疫接种后不同时期马血清中利用nested—PCR技术,扩增了约1．4kb的gp90基因。将其克隆后进行了测序,测序结果表明,免疫EIAVDLV后的第1时期至第5时期,与EIAV—liao比较核苷酸序列平均差异率分别为3．2956％、3．1456oA、3．36％、3．1856％和3．6456％。EIAVliao有20个N-连接糖基化位点,EIAVDLV平均是17．2个,其中有11个N-连接糖基化位点是高度保守的。 相似文献
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为进一步研究马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)弱毒疫苗的减毒机制,本实验对EIAV弱毒疫苗的原始种毒EIAVLN40、亲本病毒株EIAVDV、驴白细胞弱毒疫苗EIAVDLV121和EIAVDV减毒过程中的3个中间代次病毒(EIAVDLV32、EIAVDLV62和EIAVDLV92)的gp90基因进行测序分析。结果显示,适应白细胞培养的病毒株的进化距离更接近,与亲本病毒株处于进化树的不同分支。与强毒株相比,适应白细胞培养的病毒株在9个位点发生优势氨基酸的转换和V3区糖基化位点191NSSN194的缺失。此外,伴随EIAV毒力减弱的过程,有8个位点出现优势氨基酸残基的转换,在各代次病毒株中V4区具有糖基化位点237NNTW240和246NETW249的克隆所占的比例逐渐降低,其中EIAVDLV121的糖基化位点237NNTW240完全缺失。 相似文献
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目的：构建新型的马传染性贫血病毒（EIAV）的候选疫苗。方法：利用BAC-To-BAC杆状病毒表达系统,将中国马传贫驴白细胞弱毒疫苗（EIAVDLV）及其亲本株（EIAVLN）env基因导入到杆状病毒基因组中。转染昆虫细胞后,得到的重组病毒用SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测表达产物。以本实验室构建的含有EIAVEnv基因的重组痘苗病毒,单独或与重组杆状病毒表达的EIAVEnv蛋白联合免疫小鼠。结果：构建的重组杆状病毒能正确表达全长Env蛋白。与单独免疫组相比,联合免疫组免疫应答显著增强,其中中和抗体的滴度提高5—9倍。结论：含有EIAVEnv基因的重组痘苗病毒与Env蛋白抗原联合务埔．能够诱导高滴座的中和抗体． 相似文献
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《中国预防兽医学报》2020,(7)
正马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)属反转录病毒科慢病毒属成员,主要感染马、驴和骡等马属动物。其引起马属动物呈现发热、贫血、出血、黄疸、消瘦、水肿和心脏衰弱等一系列症状的传染性疾病称为马传染性贫血(EIA),简称为马传贫。EIAV与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV-1)和猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)等慢病毒属成员在病毒基因组结构、复制分子机制、免疫机理及与宿主相互作用等方面都具有相似性。因此,EIAV被认为是研究慢病毒致病机制的重要模型病毒。马传染性贫血病毒弱毒疫苗作为世界上首例成 相似文献
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马传染性贫血病驴白细胞弱毒株的致弱及免疫机理的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
马传染性贫血病 (EIA)是由反转录病毒科慢病毒属的马传染性贫血病毒 (EIAV)引起的一种马属动物传染病。在慢病毒属中 ,EIAV与人免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV)在传播形式 ,单核细胞为病毒贮存库 ,病毒形态结构 ,病毒持续感染 ,病毒抗原漂移 ,EIAV的 P2 6与 HIV的 P2 4之间抗原交叉反应等都更为相似。至今 ,我国马传染性贫血病驴白细胞弱毒疫苗 (DL V)是目前世界上唯一成功应用的慢病毒疫苗 ,是慢病毒免疫预防很有希望的研究模型。因此 ,揭开 DL V的致弱及免疫机制 ,这使 EIAV有可能作为研究 HIV等慢病毒的致病机理及免疫机制的模型。EI… 相似文献
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马传染性贫血病毒(EIAV)减毒疫苗是世界首例慢病毒疫苗,但其作用机理尚不明了。我们的前期研究发现EIAV疫苗株EIAVFDDV12编码跨膜蛋白gp45的基因在马体内发生高频率G2230A点突变形成终止子,使该蛋白C末端出现154个氨基酸的截短。为了探讨该截短蛋白对EIAV疫苗株生物学特性的作用,本研究以EIAV弱毒疫苗株感染性克隆基础上,构建了gp45截短型感染性克隆,脂质体转染细胞,增殖传代,获得病毒株EIAVFDDVTM-36,接种到马体内。在接种后167 d内未观察到临床症状,连续注射10 d地塞米松以暂时抑制免疫系统,并用迟发性超敏反应和淋巴细胞增殖实验评价免疫抑制效果。结果显示,截短型跨膜蛋白疫苗株EIAVFDDVTM-36接种组免疫抑制前后病毒载量和中和抗体效价差异不显著,而完整型跨膜蛋白疫苗株感染性克隆EIAVFDDVTM-45接种组4匹马中3匹免疫抑制后病毒载量显著上升,同时组内中和抗体效价明显提高。以上结果表明,马体特异性免疫压力对EIAVFDDVTM-36复制无影响,而对亲本株EIAVFDDVTM-45复制有抑制,显示跨膜蛋白截短型EIAV作为疫苗更为安全。但免疫抑制造成的gp45跨膜蛋白未截短型疫苗株感染性克隆体内病毒载量升高,可以促使机体产生更高的中和抗体效价,提示该疫苗的安全性和有效性在一定程度内呈负相关(相互制约)。因此,安全性和有效性的平衡是慢病毒减毒疫苗研发需注意的重要因素。 相似文献
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T Kumanomido M Kamada R Wada T Kenemaru T Sugiura Y Akiyama 《Veterinary microbiology》1988,17(4):367-373
Sagiyama virus is a member of the Getah virus group. Its pathogenicity for horses was examined. All the horses infected with the original 4 strains of Sagiyama virus (M6/Mag 33, Mag 121, Mag 132 and Mag 258) developed pyrexia ranging from 39.0 to 40.0 degrees C. Other clinical signs, characterized by eruptions, edema in the hind legs, enlargement of the submandibular lymph node and mild leukopenia, were also manifested. Viremia occurred 1-4 days post-inoculation (p.i.). Virus was recovered from spleen, liver, lung and various lymph nodes of a horse autopsied on Day 4 p.i. The maximum titer of virus (10(6.0) TCID50 g-1) was detected in the inguinal lymph node. Seroconversion was demonstrated in all the infected horses on Day 5 p.i. These clinical signs and virological findings were similar to those of horses infected naturally. The results indicate that Sagiyama virus has pathogenicity for horses and is similar to that of Getah virus. 相似文献
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Viruses causing or associated with respiratory disease in horses worldwide are reviewed. Results are presented from a serological survey of 121 New Zealand foals and horses that had been affected by respiratory disease, determining the prevalence of antibodies in this country to the major viruses associated with similar disease overseas. To date there is no evidence of equine influenza virus in New Zealand. Both equine herpesvirus type 1 and 2 have been frequently isolated and show high serological prevalences. Serological evidence of equine rhinovirus type 1 and type 2 is presented with a prevalence of 12.3% and 41.2% respectively observed in foal sera, and 37.7% and 84.9% in adult horse sera. Antibody reacting to equine viral arteritis virus antigen was detected in 3/121 test sera. Equine adenovirus has been isolated on occasions and has shown a 39% serological prevalence in one study reviewed. Progress in New Zealand equine virus research is discussed. 相似文献
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Equine herpes virus 2 (EHV-2), a gamma(2)-herpesvirus, is common in horses of all ages. Its role as a primary pathogen is unclear but there is an association between EHV-2, respiratory disease and keratoconjunctivitis. The purpose of this study was to gain more information on the prevalence of EHV-2 DNA in conjunctival swabs from horses with and without ocular disease and to define the anatomical site and cell type harbouring viral genome or antigen. By polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 22 out of 77 (28.6%) ocular swabs of clinically healthy and only 4 out of 48 (8.3%) samples from diseased horses were positive. To define the main virus reservoir ocular tissue from 13 randomly selected horses without pathological evidence of ocular disease were analysed by nested PCR. In two horses optic nerve, lacrimal gland and conjunctiva, in further two cases lacrimal gland and conjunctiva and in four horses the conjunctiva only were EHV-2 PCR positive. For specifying the target cell we focused on conjunctivae and selected 3 out of 15 clinically healthy slaughterhouse horses positive for EHV-2 by PCR. In situ hybridisation on sections of these paraffin embedded conjunctivae localized viral genome in histiocyte-like cells of the submucosa. Immunohistochemical staining with an EHV-2 or S100 specific polyclonal antiserum demonstrated that Langerhans cells were co-localized in the same region of the sample section where virus positive cells were detected. Furthermore, we concluded that detection of viral antigen revealed a productive virus infection. 相似文献
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Pille F Martens A Schouls LM Peelman L Gasthuys F Schot CS De Baere C Desmet P Vandenberghe F 《Research in veterinary science》2004,77(3):189-195
Standard culturing techniques are often unrewarding in confirming diagnosis of synovial infection in the equine patient. Several human studies report the use of sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques for the detection of bacterial involvement in acute synovitis. However, successful extraction of bacterial DNA directly from clinical samples from horses without prior culture has not been reported yet. The goal of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable method for molecular detection and identification of bacterial species in synovial fluid from horses with infectious synovitis. Synovial fluid samples from 6 horses with culture confirmed synovial infection were used for broad range 16S rRNA gene PCR. Synovial aspirates of 2 healthy horses were used as negative controls. Following extraction and purification of synovial fluid DNA, all samples were processed by touchdown PCR. Amplicons were detected by reverse line blot hybridisation and visualised with chemiluminescence. Pathogen-specific detection of 16S rRNA gene sequences was successful in all 6 synovial fluid samples. No bacterial DNA was detected in the aspirates from the negative control horses using touchdown PCR followed by 25 additional cycles of amplification. The identity of the pathogens was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the amplicons. It can be concluded that broad range 16S rRNA gene PCR followed by reverse line blot hybridisation is a promising technique for detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples. Further research should aim at the detection of bacterial DNA in synovial fluid samples suspected of infection but having negative culture results. When the 16S PCR proves to be reliable and more sensitive than standard culturing techniques, it may become a powerful tool in the diagnosis of synovial infection. 相似文献
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Because of the contagious nature of influenza virus it is necessary to identify infected individuals after the virus is introduced into a population. The aim of this study was to characterise influenza virus detection with commercially available assays after intranasal vaccinating horses with cold-adapted influenza virus. Seven horses were vaccinated and placed with 3 unvaccinated horses. Nasal secretion samples were evaluated using 2 antigen detection assays. All 10 horses were positive in the Flu OIA assay during the study period, but only one horse was positive on one sample using the Directigen Flu A assay. Horses were most likely to be positive during the first 3 days following vaccination, and several horses were intermittently positive for several days after this. Obtaining positive test results from nonvaccinated, incontact horses suggests they became infected with vaccine-strain virus that was shed by vaccinated horses. These results are important for the correct interpretation of influenza antigen detection tests in situations when this modified-live intranasal vaccine has been used. 相似文献
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Rapid and specific serodiagnosis of western equine encephalitis virus infection in horses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C H Calisher M I Mahmud A O el-Kafrawi J K Emerson D J Muth 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(6):1296-1299
Paired sera from 28 nonvaccinated horses with serologically confirmed western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus infections were evaluated for immunoglobulin (Ig)M and IgG directed against WEE virus, by use of enzyme immunoassay. Twenty-one of the horses developed greater than or equal to 4-fold increases or decreases in serum IgM titers in paired serum samples, confirming the diagnosis of WEE in these horses. Of the remaining 7 horses, 1 had stable IgM titers, 1 had a 2-fold increase in IgM titer between paired sera, 2 had 2-fold decreases in IgM titer, and for 3 horses adequate volumes were not available for both sera of the pair. Twenty-nine of 56 blood samples collected from these 28 horses had been collected within the first 3 days after clinical disease was recognized; all 28 horses and 48 of 53 available serum samples had IgM antibody to WEE virus. Immunoglobulin M also was detected in sera of 27 of 45 other nonvaccinated horses that had illnesses clinically compatible with WEE. Sera with IgM did not have cross-reacting IgM against eastern equine encephalitis virus. Therefore, the sensitivity, specificity, and lack of persistence of IgM was useful in the rapid diagnosis of WEE virus infections in horses. 相似文献
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