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[目的]调查山东省聊城市规模化驴场中马流感病毒的感染情况,并分析其可能的来源。[方法]从聊城的规模化驴场采集病料和血清,通过HI试验检测驴血清中的马流感病毒H3N8亚型抗体的阳性率。使用RT-PCR技术扩增肺脏和鼻腔棉拭子样品中的马流感病毒M基因,对获得的马流感病毒M基因与不同流感病毒的M基因进行序列比对,推测其来源。[结果]HI试验表明,120个血清样品中马流感病毒H3N8亚型血清抗体阳性率为33.3%(40/120);其中,母驴的马流感病毒H3N8亚型血清抗体阳性率为42.5%(17/40)、公驴为32.5%(13/40)、驴驹为25.0%(10/40)。通过RT-PCR检测发现,32.3%(21/65)的样品可测出目的条带。通过序列比对得出,该试验获得的流感病毒M基因与马属动物的H3N8亚型流感病毒高度同源(CY032222、CY032318、CY028821等),同源性最高可达99.8%。[结论]马流感病毒在聊城周边的数个规模化养驴场发生流行。该研究从驴体内分离的流感病毒M基因属于马流感病毒H3N8亚型M基因。 相似文献
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为了解伊犁州马属动物马流产沙门氏菌的流行现状,采集伊犁州昭苏县、尼勒克县、察布查尔锡伯自治县的母马、流产马、驴血清和全血样品共982份,分别用ELISA、荧光PCR方法对马流产沙门氏菌病进行血清抗体和病原学检测。荧光PCR检测结果显示：察布查尔锡伯自治县驴马沙门氏菌病阳性率为29.7%;马流产沙门氏菌病阳性率为2.5%,其中,昭苏县马流产沙门氏菌病阳性率为1%、尼勒克县马流产沙门氏菌病阳性率为4.1%、察布查尔锡伯自治县马流产沙门氏菌病4%;流产马、驴马流产沙门氏菌马流产沙门氏菌病阳性率为92.5%;结果表明：马流产沙门氏菌病在这些养殖场点得到了很好的预防,但是马流产沙门氏菌引起的马流产依然较为普遍,特别是驴的马流产沙门氏菌病感染率较高,需要定期对马流产沙门氏菌病进行监测并加强防控。本调查为伊犁州马属动物马流产沙门氏菌病的防控提供了数据支持。 相似文献
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马流感能引起马属动物的高度接触性呼吸道传染病。该病毒已知仅存在H7N7(马流感病毒1型)、H3N8(马流感病毒2型)两个亚型,目前仅H3N8亚型毒株在全球范围内引起马流感流行和暴发。采用A型及H3亚型特异性RT-PCR技术,检测云南疑似马流感病例鼻腔棉拭子样品;HA基因PCR扩增产物经纯化后,克隆至pMD18-T载体进行测序,并与已知代表性毒株对应序列进行比对及系统发育分析。研究发现云南马流感病毒与已知代表毒株血凝素基因核苷酸及氨基酸序列同源性分别介于91.2%~99.2%和89.5%~98.4%,属于美洲谱系(American lineage)佛罗里达亚谱系(Florida sub-lineage)毒株。 相似文献
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为有效评估云南省文山州马传染性贫血防控效果,文山州动物疫病预防控制中心于2014—2016年,采用查阅历史档案资料、实地入户调查、实验室检测等方法,对文山州马传染性贫血的流行历史与现状进行了调查。调查表明,文山州从1978年起全面开展马传染性贫血监测净化工作,并根据马传染性贫血的流行特点,应用流行病学调查、现场采样、实验室检测、扑杀净化、无害化处理等行之有效的综合防控措施,成功阻止了马传染性贫血在文山州的传播、扩散与流行。近几年来,经过系统地流行病学调查和监测,未发现当地存在马传染性贫血的证据,证实文山州已消灭该病。成功经验为:一是流行病学调查全面、细致;二是采样工作科学,做到了重点采样与随机抽样的有机结合;三是实验室检测使用标准方法、可靠试剂;四是阳性畜的扑杀与无害化处理及时、彻底;五是严格控制马属动物移动。 相似文献
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H3N8亚型马流感病毒间接ELISA抗体检测方法建立及应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为建立马流感血清学ELISA诊断方法,本研究以马流感病毒中国分离株A/马/新疆/07(H3N8)通过SPF鸡胚培养和增殖,收取含病毒尿囊液经蔗糖密度梯度离心纯化后作为ELISA包被抗原,首次在我国建立了检测H3N8亚型马流感抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法。试验的最佳反应条件为:最佳抗原稀释度7μg/mL,封闭液5%脱脂乳,血清稀释度1∶100,二抗稀释度1∶10000,稀释液PBS(pH7.4),血清反应时间1.5h,二抗反应时间1h。通过本方法对555份临床样品进行检测并与血凝抑制(HI)试验检测结果比较,证明本方法特异、敏感,具有良好的稳定性和可重复性,适于马流感的流行病学调查和监测工作。 相似文献
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为了解新疆地区哺乳动物流感病毒的感染流行情况,本研究于2009年～2011年对新疆6个地区的5种哺乳动物进行流感病毒部分亚型的血清学监测,采集猪血清样品1 519份、马血清样品1 095份、驴血清样品802份、狗血清样品130份和猫血清样品40份.用HI方法进行流感病毒血清学监测.结果表明,猪血清中流感病毒H1亚型抗体阳性率为0～31.5％,H3抗体阳性率为0.75％～5.32％,H5亚型抗体阳性率为0～2.7％,H9亚型抗体阳性率为0～10.19％;马血清和驴血清样品的流感病毒H1、H3、H5、H7和H9亚型抗体均为阴性;狗血清流感病毒H9抗体阳性率为1.75％;猫血清样品流感病毒H1抗体阳性率为2.5％. 相似文献
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马流感诊断方法研究进展与应用概况 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
<正>马流行性感冒(简称马流感),是由正粘病毒科A型流感病毒中的马流感病毒(Equine influenza virus,EIV)H7N7亚型和H3N8所引起马属动物的一种急性高度接触传染性疾病。该病的临诊特征为发烧,结膜潮红,咳嗽,流浆液性鼻液、脓性鼻漏及母马流产等。马群一旦感染EIV,极易大范围迅速传播,常呈暴发流行,感染率高而死亡率低,是严重危害马属动物的重要呼吸系统疾病之 相似文献
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我国家禽H7N9和H9N2亚型流感流行病学调查 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为调查我国家禽H7N9和H9N2亚型流感流行状况,2018年3—5月,在我国11个省份67个场点,随机采集4 792份咽喉/泄殖腔拭子样品,通过RT-PCR进行流感病毒检测。结果显示:所检测的4 792份样品中,H7N9亚型阳性率为0,H9N2亚型阳性率为25.21%;场点阳性率为80.60%,其中活禽市场场点阳性率(96.30%)显著高于其他场所(15.38%)。与历年流行病学调查数据相比,2018上半年H9N2亚型病毒阳性率显著高于往年同期检测值(P0.05),达到近年来最高点。病毒核酸序列分析显示,检出的H9N2亚型病毒属于2007年以来我国H9亚型主要流行分支,即h9.4.2.5分支。本次调查结果表明,我国实施的H7N9疫苗免疫政策有效遏制了H7N9亚型流感的蔓延,而H9N2亚型流感病毒在我国持续流行多年,感染范围广,感染率有增高趋势,需要采取新的防控策略。 相似文献
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《中国兽医学报》2015,(9)
2013年8月某养马厂出现疑似马流感疫情,经分离鉴定为H3N8亚型马流感病毒。为了了解该H3N8马流感分离株(A/equine/Xuzhou/01/2013(H3N8))的基因进化情况,本试验比较了该病毒株,我国已报道的H3N8马流感毒株以及目前全球所使用的疫苗株的病毒基因型,也比较了与抗原性相关的氨基酸的变化情况,为科学防控马流感提供参考依据。采集病死马的内脏样本,进行了A型禽流感病毒通用荧光RT-PCR检测,将荧光RT-PCR检测阳性样品处理后接种鸡胚尿囊腔,检测分离毒尿囊液血凝性及HA效价。参照已发表的扩增H3N8马流感病毒全基因引物,经RT-PCR扩增出该H3N8亚型马流感病毒(A/equine/Xuzhou/01/2013(H3N8))的8个基因片段,对其测序构建基因进化树,并进行分子特征分析。经过比较分析,该病毒株的HA基因在遗传进化上属于佛罗里达Ⅱ型马流感病毒,其余7个片段都属于马流感病毒中的美洲型。在5个公认的抗原位点中,A/equine/Xuzhou/01/2013与我国2007年的分离株(A/donkey/Xinjiang/2007),目前的疫苗株(Miami/63,Kentucky/81,Suffolk/89,Newmarket/2/93和Avesta/93)相比均发生了一些位点的变异。我国H3N8亚型马流感病毒存在抗原变异,需要进一步对其致病性、免疫原性等特性进行研究,同时还需加强马流感病毒分子流行病学监测。 相似文献
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J. B. A. Loomans P. G. Waaijer J. T. M. Maree P. R. van Weeren A. Barneveld 《Equine Veterinary Education》2009,21(8):421-428
The aim of this study was to evaluate systematically the quality of equine veterinary top sports medicine in The Netherlands and the degree to which the expectations in the field are met. Focus was on structure, process and outcome of care. The structure of care is generally satisfactory but there is insufficient transfer of applicable scientific knowledge to the equine community and a lack of regular checks by team vets. The process of care is hampered by the failure in communication between the veterinary and paraveterinary members of a team. For continuation of the excellent international results of Dutch riders and drivers a more collaborative approach, abandoning the often secretive character of equine medicine in relation to sport horses, is necessary. 相似文献
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Alison E. Stout Hayley G. Hofmar-Glennon Nicole M. Andr Laura B. Goodman Renee R. Anderson Patrick K. Mitchell Belinda S. Thompson Manigandan Lejeune Gary R. Whittaker Erin L. Goodrich 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(1):80
In the United States, horses are used for a variety of purposes including recreation, exhibition, and racing. As farm, performance, and companion animals, horses are a unique species from a zoonotic disease risk perspective, and the risks of subclinical infections spreading among horses can pose challenges. Using a nanoscale real-time PCR platform, we investigated the prevalence of 14 enteric pathogens, 11 Escherichia coli genes, and 9 respiratory pathogens in fecal samples from 97 apparently healthy horses at a multi-day horse event. In addition, sugar flotation test was performed for fecal parasites. E. coli f17 was commonly detected, prevalent in 59% of horses, followed closely by Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (55%). Additional pathogens recognized included betacoronavirus, Campylobacter jejuni, Cryptosporidium sp., E. coli O157, equine adenovirus 1, equine rhinitis B virus, and others. The use of PCR data may overestimate the true prevalence of these pathogens but provides a sensitive overview of common pathogens present in healthy horses. Our results prompt the continued need for practical biosecurity measures at horse shows, both to protect individuals interacting with these horses and to minimize transmission among horses. 相似文献
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Surgical management of equine recurrent uveitis with single port pars plana vitrectomy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Current information suggests that equine recurrent uveitis (ERU) is an immune-mediated reaction to infectious agents or to autologous ophthalmic tissue. Recurrences are associated with progression of irreversible ocular damage. This report describes the intraoperative technique, complications, and long-term results of 38 eyes in 35 horses with ERU that underwent pars plana vitrectomy. The majority of the horses were warm-blooded. Recurrence of ERU was prevented in 35 of the 38 eyes. Some horses, especially in patients with incipient cataracts, developed vision loss in postoperative, quiescent eyes which was usually associated with cataract formation. Vision was stable in 85% of all eyes that underwent vitrectomy. Pars plana vitrectomy in horses appears successful in interrupting the cycle of repeated episodes of ERU, and the subsequent globe destruction in the majority of eyes. Removal of uveitis-induced 'immunologic memory' in the vitreous by vitrectomy may reduce adverse interaction between the vitreous and the uveal tract, and therefore reduce the recurrence of ERU. 相似文献
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Sarah Graham Mauricio Solano James Sutherland‐Smith Amy F Sato Louise Maranda 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2015,56(1):96-102
Disorders of the stifle are a common cause of lameness in horses yet the accuracy of scintigraphy for diagnosis of stifle conditions is controversial. The aim of retrospective cross‐sectional study was to determine the diagnostic sensitivity (Se) of bone scintigraphy in detecting stifle disease and to determine if two orthogonal scintigraphic images improve diagnostic Se. Horses that underwent scintigraphic examination during a two‐year period were included. Horses were divided into two groups: group 1 (N = 23) had lameness that was localized to the stifle by intra‐articular analgesia and group 2 (N = 182) had lameness that was localized to a different location. Scintigraphic studies (one image or two images) were independently and retrospectively analyzed by two radiologists (R1 and R2). Sensitivity, specificity (Sp) and predictive values (PV), and were calculated for each type of study (one image or two images) and for each radiologist (R1 or R2). The Se to detect stifle disorders varied between radiologists (29.2% and 20.8%). The Sp was 84.5% and 88.3%. When two images were evaluated a decrease in the positive PV for both readers occurred. The Cohen kappa coefficient (κ) between readers was poor when one image (0.084) or two images (0.117) were evaluated. Findings from this study indicated that bone‐phase nuclear scintigraphy is reasonably specific but highly insensitive for detecting lameness originating from the stifle in a diverse population of both normal and affected horses. The addition of a caudal scintigraphic image acquisition did not improve diagnostic sensitivity. 相似文献
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K DYNON A VARRASSO N FICORILLI SA HOLLOWAY GH REUBEL F LI CA HARTLEY MJ STUDDERT HE DRUMMER 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(10):695-702
OBJECTIVE: To develop rapid (< 8 hour) tests using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of equine herpesvirus 3 (EHV3; equine coital exanthema virus), equine gammaherpesviruses 2 (EHV2) and EHV5, equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV1), EAdV2, equine arteritis virus (EAV), equine rhinitis A virus (ERAV; formerly equine rhinovirus 1) DESIGN: Either single round or second round (seminested) PCRs were developed and validated. METHODS: Oligonucleotide primers were designed that were specific for each virus, PCR conditions were defined and the specificity and sensitivity of the assays were determined. The application of the tests was validated using a number of independent virus isolates for most of the viruses studied. The PCRs were applied directly to clinical samples where samples were available. RESULTS: We developed a single round PCR for the diagnosis of EHV3, a seminested PCR for EHV2 and single round PCRs for EHV5, EAdV1, EAdV2 and RT-PCRs for EAV and ERAV. The PCR primer sets for each virus were designed and shown to be highly specific (did not amplify any recognised non-target template) and sensitive (detection of minimal amounts of virus) and, where multiple virus isolates were available all isolates were detected. CONCLUSION: The development and validation of a comprehensive panel of PCR diagnostic tests, predominantly for viruses causing equine respiratory disease, that can be completed within 8 hours from receipt of clinical samples, provides a major advance in the rapid diagnosis or exclusion diagnosis of these endemic equine virus diseases in Australia. 相似文献
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AIM: To identify viruses associated with respiratory disease in young horses in New Zealand. METHODS: Nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from 45 foals or horses from five separate outbreaks of respiratory disease that occurred in New Zealand in 1996, and from 37 yearlings at the time of the annual yearling sales in January that same year. Virus isolation from nasal swabs and peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was undertaken and serum samples were tested for antibodies against equine herpesviruses (EHV-1, EHV-2, EHV-4 and EHV-5), equine rhinitis-A virus (ERAV), equine rhinitis-B virus (ERBV), equine adenovirus 1 (EAdV-1), equine arteritis virus (EAV), reovirus 3 and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3). RESULTS: Viruses were isolated from 24/94 (26%) nasal swab samples and from 77/80 (96%) PBL samples collected from both healthy horses and horses showing clinical signs of respiratory disease. All isolates were identified as EHV-2, EHV-4, EHV-5 or untyped EHV. Of the horses and foals tested, 59/82 (72%) were positive for EHV-1 and/or EHV-4 serum neutralising (SN) antibody on at least one sampling occasion, 52/82 (63%) for EHV-1-specific antibody tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 10/80 (13%) for ERAV SN antibody, 60/80 (75%) for ERBV SN antibody, and 42/80 (53%) for haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody to EAdV-1. None of the 64 serum samples tested were positive for antibodies to EAV, reovirus 3 or PIV3. Evidence of infection with all viruses tested was detected in both healthy horses and in horses showing clinical signs of respiratory disease. Recent EHV-2 infection was associated with the development of signs of respiratory disease among yearlings [relative risk (RR)=2.67, 95% CI=1.59-4.47, p=0.017]. CONCLUSIONS: Of the equine respiratory viruses detected in horses in New Zealand during this study, EHV-2 was most likely to be associated with respiratory disease. However, factors other than viral infection are probably important in the development of clinical signs of disease. 相似文献
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Gilmour MA Clarke CR Macallister CG Dedeo JM Caudell DL Morton RJ Pugh M 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2005,8(5):331-335
OBJECTIVE: To investigate intraocular penetration of orally administered doxycycline in the normal equine eye and to compare intraocular and serum doxycycline concentrations. Procedures Six mares were administered doxycycline at 10 mg/kg every 12 h by nasogastric tube for 5 days. Blood, aqueous, and vitreous samples were collected on days 1 and 5. All samples were assayed for doxycycline concentrations. Aqueous and vitreous samples were also assayed for protein quantitation. RESULTS: Doxycycline was rapidly absorbed after the first dose (T(max) value of 1.42 +/- 1.28 h); and elimination of doxycycline occurred slowly (median t(1/2) = 10.88 h). Doxycycline could not be detected in the aqueous on days 1 and 5, nor could it be detected in the vitreous on day 1. On day 5, the mean vitreous doxycycline concentration was 0.17 +/- 0.04 microg/mL at 2 h after drug administration. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated oral administration of doxycycline in the horse resulted in steady state serum concentrations of < 1 microg/mL; however, it did not result in appreciable concentrations of drug in the aqueous and vitreous in normal eyes. 相似文献
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Necropsies of 228 ferrets captured from eight areas in the North and South Islands provided material for an investigation into the epidemiology of tuberculosis in feral ferrets. Mycobacterial culture of pooled lymph nodes (retropharyngeal, respiratory and jejunal) identified the prevalence of infection to be much higher than that estimated from gross lesions only. Seventy-three of the 228 animals examined (32%) were diagnosed as tuberculous. Fifty-three culture-positive ferrets and 18 seemingly uninfected animals were subjected to detailed histopathological examination. The outcomes of these investigations, including the characteristics of the disease, distribution of lesions and aids to diagnosis, are presented. Of the feral carnivores found in New Zealand, the disease persists at high prevalence only in ferrets, and is probably maintained principally by ingestion of tuberculous carrion. The course of the disease may be prolonged in some ferrets, but tuberculosis eventually causes the death of many infected animals. Microscopic hepatic granulomas may be considered pathognomonic of the disease, and have potential to be used as a rapid diagnostic tool in ferrets with no gross lesions. 相似文献