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1.
研究旨在结合RS与GIS,对采煤扰动下长河流域植被的动态演变趋势及相关特征进行研究,以期为长河流域生态环境的恢复和保护提供一定参考。基于1987—2015 年多期TM影像数据,采用像元二分模型估算长河流域植被覆盖度,运用最大值合成法、稳定性分析法等对长河流域近30 年来植被覆盖度的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)近30 年长河流域植被稳定性由东西往中部梯度递增,总体稳定性较高,矿区植被稳定性较差;(2)长河流域植被在近30 年里存在普遍退化的趋势,59.9%的区域植被趋于退化,2007 年后研究区植被情况略有好转,植被退化面积较之前减少了1.9%;(3)长河流域植被整体上具有显著的空间集聚性,形成了4 个主要的集聚特征。近30 年中,高-高值集聚的区域内的植被呈明显的动态增加,低-低值集聚区的植被增加不明显。研究发现,长河流域植被在变化趋势和空间分布上有明显的差异性,为完善小流域植被动态监测理论体系奠定了基础。  相似文献   

2.
研究旨在结合RS与GIS,对采煤扰动下长河流域植被的动态演变趋势及相关特征进行研究,以期为长河流域生态环境的恢复和保护提供一定参考。基于1987—2015年多期TM影像数据,采用像元二分模型估算长河流域植被覆盖度,运用最大值合成法、稳定性分析法等对长河流域近30年来植被覆盖度的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)近30年长河流域植被稳定性由东西往中部梯度递增,总体稳定性较高,矿区植被稳定性较差;(2)长河流域植被在近30年里存在普遍退化的趋势,59.9%的区域植被趋于退化,2007年后研究区植被情况略有好转,植被退化面积较之前减少了1.9%;(3)长河流域植被整体上具有显著的空间集聚性,形成了4个主要的集聚特征。近30年中,高-高值集聚的区域内的植被呈明显的动态增加,低-低值集聚区的植被增加不明显。研究发现,长河流域植被在变化趋势和空间分布上有明显的差异性,为完善小流域植被动态监测理论体系奠定了基础。  相似文献   

3.
基于2000—2009年植被净初级生产力(NPP)数据,结合气候、植被、地形和土壤4个自然因子,利用趋势分析和地理探测器等方法,揭示延安地区NPP时空变化及其驱动力。结果表明:(1)2000—2009年研究区NPP总体上呈波动上升趋势。(2)延安地区NPP的空间分布呈“南高北低”的分布特征。(3)降水、植被类型、高程和气温为延安地区NPP空间分布格局的主要驱动因子,任意2种自然因子交互作用的贡献率均高于单因子。研究区实施的退耕还林工程和气候波动变化是导致NPP年际增加的主要原因,NPP空间分异受多种自然因子的交互影响。开展NPP时空变化及其驱动力研究可为区域生态系统恢复提供理论依据。  相似文献   

4.
植被作为生态系统中的重要因素之一,深入了解植被覆盖的变化与驱动力因素,以期为生态环境保护提供重要参考。以阿克苏地区为研究区域,基于2001—2019年长时间序列的MODIS数据的NDVI变化特征进行了分析,通过利用线性回归分析与相关分析2种方法对植被和气候间的关系进行分析。结果表明:2001—2019年阿克苏地区植被覆盖总体呈现出增加的趋势且在生长季的夏季最为明显,研究区在空间上呈现出以绿洲为主向周围扩散的格局,研究区生长季NDVI对气温和降水的响应关系表现出显著的季节差异,并在空间上与温度具有显著相关性但同降水相关性不明显。人类的生产生活对植被覆盖度的变化影响有正负两个方面。  相似文献   

5.
利用石羊河流域1980、1995、2000、2006、2012年5期遥感影像,应用分形理论和GIS方法研究石羊河流域土地利用变化分形特征,定量分析流域不同土地利用类型变化的复杂性、稳定性以及变化趋势。结果表明:总体上流域耕地、城乡工矿居民用地、林地和水域呈现增加趋势,未利用地和草地呈现减少趋势,不同时段土地利用类型都具有空间分形结构,不同土地利用类型复杂性和稳定性呈现波动变化趋势。1980、1995、2000年石羊河流域不同土地利用类型分维数排序均为:水域>耕地>林地>草地>未利用土地>城乡工矿居民用地。2006、2012年分维数由高到低依次为:水域、耕地、草地、林地、未利用土地和城乡工矿居民用地。1980、1995、2000、2006、2012年石羊河流域总平均分维值分别为1.5296、1.5025、1.5445、1.5631、1.5676,不同土地利用类型平均分形维排序为水域(1.8317)>耕地(1.5678)>林地(1.5351)>草地(1.5315)>未利用土地(1.4413)>城乡工矿居民用地(1.3411)。总平均稳定性指数分别为0.1083、0.0997、0.1228、0.1167和0.1186,不同土地利用类型平均稳定性排序为水域(0.3317)>城乡工矿居民用地(0.1589)>耕地(0.0635)>未利用土地(0.0587)>林地(0.0351)>草地(0.0315)。通过对流域土地利用变化复杂性、稳定性以及动态变化研究,为区域土地资源合理开发与生态环境协调发展提供技术支撑与决策依据。  相似文献   

6.
博尔塔拉蒙古自治州(简称博州地区)处于准噶尔盆地西南边缘,是西北荒漠区的典型代表,是大风的主风道,是重要的风沙策源地,生态比较脆弱。本研究基于30 m空间分辨率的Landsat数据,结合土地利用矩阵转移,分析2005—2020年博州地区土地利用变化特征、植被覆盖度及驱动力因素。结果表明:(1)2005—2020年,博州地区的主要地类是沙地、草地、裸地和耕地。沙地面积增加1447 km2,增长率为18%;草地面积减少最多,减少了1638 km2。2000—2015年博州地区有大量的沙地、林地、耕地转为草地,建设用地也在微弱增加。(2)2005—2020年博州地区低植被覆盖度面积占比相当高,超过了60%,较低植被覆盖度的实际比例均在10%,中覆盖度植被呈现增长的趋势,而较高和高覆盖度的植被呈现出先大幅增加后缓慢减少的趋势,植被的覆盖度伴随坡度的提高先降后升再降。(3)由驱动力的研究发现,土地利用变化是引起植被覆盖度变化的首要影响因子,其次是道路和GDP,再次是降水和温度,最后是人口密度、水系和坡度。  相似文献   

7.
为了分析2000以来的退耕还林还草工程对高植被覆盖区甘肃省陇南市的影响,本研究基于2000—2010年MODIS EVI数据,通过均值分析、植被覆盖度分析和线性回归分析,对陇南山地连续11年以来的植被覆盖时空变化特征进行研究。结果表明:2000—2010年陇南山地植被覆盖变化总体以0.2%/10 a的增速缓慢上升,低于同期甘肃河东地区、甘肃全省、秦巴山区以及西北地区的植被增长率。受气温、降水等地带性要素分布的影响,其内部存在明显的区域差异性,植被覆盖大体上存在由东南向西北递减的趋势。整个山区植被类型以覆盖度在45%以上的中覆盖、中高覆盖及高覆盖植被为主体,林地所占比例较大。尽管研究时段内植被改善区域显著增加,但高植被覆盖区却存在退化趋势,考虑到陇南市相对脆弱的生态环境,加强植被保护仍将是今后生态建设中不容忽视的内容。  相似文献   

8.
石羊河中下游河岸植被的结构及其功能研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
为了研究石羊河中下游的河岸植被结构和功能对区域生态环境管理和恢复的意义,依径流量将研究区域分为丰水河段和干涸河段,调查距河床不同间距的植被结构与空间分布,进行植被分类和空间格局分析,讨论其功能。石羊河中下游的河岸植被带宽约200~500 m,分布区域内植物群落类型的80%以上的建群种,拥有18个群丛。河岸植被类型依河床间距呈梯级分布,河岸植被盖度随河床间距增大成指数下降。河岸植被带不仅拥有乔木和沼泽植物组成的隐域性植被类型,是区域特有种栖息地;而且形成景观廊道,连结斑块,稳定区域生态系统,保护河岸、稳定河床、防治水流和风沙灾害,为当地人们提供多用途的娱乐场所和舒适的生活环境。  相似文献   

9.
2000—2014年改则县植被变化及草原保护政策实施效果评价   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为评价改则县草原保护政策实施效果,在3S技术支持下,利用2000—2014年MODIS-NDVI资料,结合研究区气象数据、禁牧数据对改则县植被覆盖时空分布进行分析。结果表明:(1)改则县植被覆盖总体较差,多年平均结果植被指数主要分布在0~0.2之间,最大合成结果植被指数主要在0.1~0.3之间,空间分布表现为南部植被覆盖优于北部。(2)改则县夏季植被覆盖最好,春季植被覆盖最差,北部为昆仑山脉植被覆盖季节变化不大。(3)2000—2014年间改则县植被覆盖总体呈稳定状态,呈稳定状态的区域面积占全县总面积的45.46%,呈改善趋势的区域占全县总面积的11.28%,呈退化趋势的区域占全县总的面积的8.69%,改善区域大于退化区域。(4)2008—2014年间改则县降水量及气温变化不利于植被改善,草原保护政策对该县植被改善起到了较好效果。  相似文献   

10.
为了定量分析邯郸市土地空间结构在空间上的分异规律,采用区域土地利用类型多样化程度指数、土地利用程度综合指数、生物丰度指数及植被覆盖指数,从土地利用景观及生态结构2方面着手,借助1 km×1 km网格进行空间表达,阐述了2006年邯郸市土地利用空间结构特征。结果表明:2006年,邯郸市土地利用类型齐全,土地利用/覆盖多样化指数和土地利用程度指数呈现从中部及东南部向四周辐射状降低的趋势;邯郸市土地利用结构呈现出林地聚集分布于西部山区,耕地呈环绕状分布于东南部地区,城镇住宅用地呈饼状分布,农村住宅用地呈现星罗点状分布,交通用地呈现条带及换代分布等特征;邯郸地区生物丰度指数及植被覆盖指数分布具有空间一致性,同时呈现出从中部城镇聚集区向四周边缘地区递减的趋势。  相似文献   

11.
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.  相似文献   

12.
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.  相似文献   

13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.  相似文献   

14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes.  相似文献   

15.
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...  相似文献   

16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed.  相似文献   

17.
P. A. York  R. Cook 《Euphytica》1989,43(1-2):135-141
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes.  相似文献   

18.
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.  相似文献   

20.
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...  相似文献   

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