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1.
对伊犁河谷昭苏县杨树群落(H1)、羊草单优势种群落(H2)生境内的羊草无性系种群年龄结构进行对比分析.结果表明:(1)H1、H2样地内羊草无性系种群分蘖株数量分别由3个龄级和4个龄级组成,且随着龄级的增大迅速减少;各生境羊草种群年龄结构同为增长型.(2)两个样地羊草无性系种群根茎长度均由4个龄级组成,其中H1样地羊草无性系种群根茎长度年龄结构为增长型,H2样地为稳定型.(3)两个样地羊草无性系种群分蘖株生物量与分蘖株数量龄级构成相同,年龄结构均为增长型;根茎生物量均由4个龄级组成都为稳定型.各生境分蘖株和根茎生物量年龄结构均以低龄级居于优势位置.  相似文献   

2.
年龄结构是无性系植物种群的重要属性之一。对松嫩平原长期割草草甸、封育草甸和封育积沙草甸三种生境中羊草种群构件的年龄结构调查表明:三种生境中羊草无性系种群分株的年龄结构由3～4个龄级组成,其中,长期割草草甸和封育草甸生境为增长型年龄结构,封育积沙草甸生境为稳定型;根茎均由4个龄级组成,其中,长期割草草甸和封育积沙草甸为增长型年龄结构,封育草甸为稳定型;三种生境下,长期割草草甸的分株生产力与根茎贮藏力均比较稳定,且1a、2a、3a的分株生产力与根茎贮藏力均低于其他两个生境,封育草甸和封育积沙草甸的分株生产力均随龄级的增加而下降,但根茎贮藏力在各个龄级间无显著差异。  相似文献   

3.
杨允菲  宋向华 《草地学报》2005,13(2):130-133
对不同植被恢复阶段赖草(Leymus secalimus)种群分蘖株和根茎构件生物量年龄结构进行了测定与分析。结果表明:在科尔沁草原,赖草的分蘖节和根茎均可存活4个年度;8月中旬,植被恢复12年和5年储灰池中赖草无性系种群的根茎分别由4和3个龄级组成,根茎生物量均呈稳定型年龄结构;两个恢复阶段赖草无性系种群的分蘖株均由两个龄级组成,生物量均为增长型的年龄结构,恢复时间短者增长型结构尤为明显;赖草无性系种群1龄级分蘖株的生产力均高于2龄级,各龄级根茎的物质贮藏具有较大的生态可塑性。  相似文献   

4.
松嫩平原不同土壤基质条件下羊草种群年龄结构的研究   总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5  
通过对不同土壤基质条件下羊草Leymus chinensis种群年龄结构进行研究,结果表明:5月中旬在松嫩平原羊草种群营养生长期,分蘖株均由1龄、2龄、3龄3个龄级组成,呈增长型年龄结构,其中均以1龄和2龄级分蘖株占绝对优势,为89.4%～99.7%,3龄株仅占0.3%～10.6%;根茎均由2龄、3龄、4龄3个龄级组成,根茎长度及其质量均以2龄级最高,3龄次之,4龄最小;根茎物质的储量均随着龄级的升高而降低,羊草种群对低龄植株、根茎的大比例投资是羊草种群扩大其空间的一种十分有效的生态对策.  相似文献   

5.
内蒙古图牧吉自然保护区羊草种群营养繁殖特性的比较   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  
在内蒙古图牧吉国家级自然保护区内,对草甸和草甸草原上灰绿型和黄绿型2个生态型羊草种群营养繁殖的诸数量特征进行了比较研究。结果表明,在2种植被类型中,灰绿型和黄绿型羊草分蘖株的数量和生物量均由4个龄级组成, 且均以4 a所占比重最小,呈稳定型或增长型龄级结构;根茎均以2 a所占比重最大,呈稳定型龄级结构;2个生态型羊草的单株生产力均以1 a分蘖株最高,且均随着龄级的增加依次减少;在整体水平上,草甸草原上灰绿型和黄绿型羊草的单株生产力均显著高于草甸;2个生态型羊草的根茎生产力均以1或2 a最高。在温带草本群落,增长型或稳定型的年龄结构、年轻龄级分蘖株和根茎旺盛的物质生产和贮存能力,是多年生无性系草本植物实现其持续繁荣的主要原因。  相似文献   

6.
新疆伊犁2种生境大拂子茅种群年龄结构研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过单位面积取样的方法,测定分析了新疆伊犁2种生境下大拂子茅(Calamagrostis macrolepis)种群分蘖株、根茎和潜在种群的年龄结构,旨在探索大拂子茅种群对不同生境条件的响应策略,揭示大拂子茅种群的繁殖潜力.结果表明:大拂子茅种群分蘖株在2种生境下均由营养分蘖株和生殖分蘖株组成;分蘖株、根茎、冬性苗和芽均有4个龄级;根茎分蘖节最多繁殖4个世代,最多可存活5个生长季;分蘖株数量和生物量为1龄＞2龄＞3龄＞4龄;芽数量为0龄＞1龄＞2龄＞3龄,以0龄芽占绝对优势;根茎生物量、冬性苗数量在2种生境样地也具有低龄级相对占优势的结构特征.2种生境下大拂子茅种群分蘖株、根茎、冬性苗和芽等构件均呈增长型年龄结构.  相似文献   

7.
植物种群年龄结构对于分析种群的动态和预测群落演替具有重要作用。通过对通辽火电厂储灰池植被恢复过程中硬拂子茅种群分蘖株数量和生物量、根茎长度和生物量的年龄结构以及分蘖株生产力和根茎贮藏力的比较,分析了不同恢复年限和家畜干扰条件下两个恢复区内(第1次取样,1区和2区恢复12和8年;第2次取样,1区和2区恢复16和12年)硬拂子茅种群构件的结构特征。结果表明:恢复年限至12和8年,两个恢复区分蘖株数量和生物量均为增长型年龄结构,根茎长度和生物量分别为增长型和稳定型;恢复至16和12年,两区分蘖株和根茎均为增长型,但龄级构成趋于复杂。两次取样中,两恢复区分蘖株物质生产力随龄级增加不断减少。同一恢复区第2次取样各龄级分蘖株生产力均显著低于第1次;除1龄根茎外,第2次取样各龄级根茎贮藏力均低于第1次。对于尚处于植被恢复演替初期的群落而言,继续围栏禁牧排除家畜啃食等干扰是确保植被恢复进程的可行而有效的方法。  相似文献   

8.
植物种群年龄结构对于分析种群的动态和预测群落演替具有重要作用。通过对通辽火电厂储灰池植被恢复过程中硬拂子茅种群分蘖株数量和生物量、根茎长度和生物量的年龄结构以及分蘖株生产力和根茎贮藏力的比较,分析了不同恢复年限和家畜干扰条件下两个恢复区内(第1次取样,1区和2区恢复12和8年;第2次取样,1区和2区恢复16和12年)硬拂子茅种群构件的结构特征。结果表明:恢复年限至12和8年,两个恢复区分蘖株数量和生物量均为增长型年龄结构,根茎长度和生物量分别为增长型和稳定型;恢复至16和12年,两区分蘖株和根茎均为增长型,但龄级构成趋于复杂。两次取样中,两恢复区分蘖株物质生产力随龄级增加不断减少。同一恢复区第2次取样各龄级分蘖株生产力均显著低于第1次;除1龄根茎外,第2次取样各龄级根茎贮藏力均低于第1次。对于尚处于植被恢复演替初期的群落而言,继续围栏禁牧排除家畜啃食等干扰是确保植被恢复进程的可行而有效的方法。  相似文献   

9.
单位面积挖掘取样,采用按分蘖节营养繁殖世代数划分分株龄级、按实际生活年限划分根茎龄级的方法,对松嫩平原草甸、弃耕地和林间草地的光稃茅香种群构件结构进行了统计比较。结果表明,三种生境下光稃茅香种群分株由1~2个龄级构成,均呈增长型年龄结构。根茎由三个龄级构成,也均呈增长型年龄结构。分株生产力和根茎贮藏力均呈现幼龄级最高,随着龄级增加依次下降。潜在种群中由1a和2a根茎产生的构件占78.6%以上。生境和龄级对分株数量、分株生产力和根茎贮藏力有显著的交互作用。在生境间,林间草地各龄级分株和根茎的数量特征均显著低于其他两种生境,其潜在种群的构件数量也最少。林间草地1a分株生产力与根茎贮藏力均高于其他两种生境。光稃茅香种群在异质生境下的种群结构既有差异性,也具有对其环境条件适应的相对稳定性。  相似文献   

10.
伊犁河谷不同生境假苇拂子茅种群构件组成及其年龄结构   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  
假苇拂子茅是根茎禾草,属典型的无性系植物。通过生长季末期单位面积取样的方法,对新疆伊犁河谷地区不同生境的假苇拂子茅种群构件的组成及其年龄结构进行了研究。结果表明,4个样地的假苇拂子茅种群仅有样地H3是由生殖和营养分蘖株组成,其他3个样地均由营养分蘖株组成。4个样地的分蘖株均由3个龄级组成,均呈增长型年龄结构;4个样地的根茎均为2个龄级,其中又以2龄根茎占绝对优势。在生长季末期,4个样地的假苇拂子茅潜在种群均由冬性分蘖苗、根茎顶芽和各龄分蘖节向上生长的芽组成,分蘖节芽占优势地位,各龄级芽又以1龄级的占显著优势,均属于增长型年龄结构。牲畜啃食和淹水扰动对分蘖株物质生产和根茎的物质储存均有不利影响。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

15.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

16.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

17.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

19.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

20.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

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