共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
苹果绵蚜是果树的重要检疫性害虫。目前烟台市各县均有不同程度发生，其中部分受害果园已上升为主要害虫，严重影响树势和产量、品质，─般减产10％左右，重者达30％以上，全市年损失苹果约3 000万 kg。为控制其为害，多年来，笔者进行了大量调查研究，制定了苹果绵蚜的综合防治技术措施，并通过大面积应用，取得了好的效果。 1)防治对策。做到“六个结合”。即利用药剂防治与农业和生物防治结合；越冬期防治与繁衍期防治结合；地下部防治与地上部防治结合；苹果寄主树防治与其他寄主树防治结合；苹果绵蚜防治与其他害虫防治结合；苹果… 相似文献
2.
荔浦县荸荠秆枯病的发生流行与防治策略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
荸荠秆枯病的发生流行与气候、栽培措施等有关。该病的防治以“农业防治为基础，化学防治作保证”为防治策略，以压低菌源基数，大田及时施药及加强栽培管理的防治措施，经大面积防治示范，取得显著防效 相似文献
3.
4.
适用于蔬菜生产的化学农药农作物病虫害防治中，化学防治是重要的防治方法，也是目前生产中的主要防治方法。但是化学农药又同时成为污染物，因此，在病虫防治中要选用高效低毒、低残留的化学农药。尤其是蔬菜病虫防治更要慎重。蔬菜病虫防治严禁使用高毒高残留农药，尽量... 相似文献
5.
用棉铃虫预报和防治指标确定棉田施药时间和防治次数 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用棉铃虫预报和防治指标确定棉田施药时间和防治次数屈西峰，王建强（农业部全国植保总站，１０００２６）用棉铃虫预报和防治指标确定棉田施药时间和防治次数，一般需要在防治前２０～３０天做出预测，以便早做准备和发动群众进行防治。１两种棉铃虫防治指标及在生产应用... 相似文献
6.
拓宽生物防治 持续治理虫害 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文针对我国生物防治资源极其丰富和农民经济实力薄弱的特点，结合我国生物防治成果，论述了应如何发展和拓宽具有我国特色的害虫生物防治，进一步提高综合防治水平，促进农业可持续发展。 相似文献
7.
Ｂ．ｔ．基因抗虫棉的出现，使常规的棉铃虫防治技术发生了重大变化，笔者根据两年对抗虫棉的观察，调研，提出双向防治棉铃虫幼早技术，即在抗虫棉抗虫的基础上搞好化学接力防治，认为双向防治概念的提出既突出了充分利用抗虫棉的强抗虫性，又指出了化学防治的必要性，双向防治技术具简化，安全，高效等优点。 相似文献
8.
杨尺蠖、草履蚧和杨舟蛾是徐州市杨树的主要害虫，近年来发生和为害日趋严重。目前防治上主要依赖于常规喷药防治技术。由于杨树树体高大，喷药防治受防治机械的限制，往往难以取得预期防治效果；加之存在浪费农药、污染环境和大量杀伤害虫天敌等不足之处，导致“年年治虫、年年有虫”的被动局面。为解决杨树害虫防治的实际困难，笔者根据多年防治实践经验和杨树害虫防治技术研究成果，总结了一套实用的综合防治技术。1杨尺蠖、草履蚧等早春害虫防治技术 利用无翅杨尺蠖雌成虫和草履蚧若虫不能飞翔，只能沿树干爬至树上为害的习性，重点… 相似文献
9.
美国白蛾，是一种危险性疫害虫。它具有适应性强，繁殖快，防治难度大等特点。１９８７年传入锦州市。在５年防治工作中，经过深入研究美国白蛾的生物学特性，发生发展规律，掌握了其生长发育中的薄弱环节，据此采取封锁扑灭措施：以虫情测报为基础，突出搞好检疫和普；以长效药剂为主，与速效药剂相结合；人工防治以专业队为主，结合群众防治；一年防治两代，以第一代防治为主。在较短的时间内，迅速扑灭了疫情，确保了农林业生产的 相似文献
10.
11.
12.
福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。 相似文献
13.
14.
F.M. Ashton O.T. de Villiers R.K. Glenn W.B. Duke 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1977,7(2):122-141
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides. 相似文献
15.
调查了甘肃省临洮县为害百合的地下害虫种类, 并以主要发生为害种类为供试对象, 采用拌土法测定了几种生物（源）农药对主要害虫的室内毒力和致死中时。调查发现小云斑鳃金龟Polyphylla gracilicornis、棕色鳃金龟Holotrichia titanis为主要发生及为害种类, 不同时间发生种类存在差异, 9月份以小云斑鳃金龟幼虫发生为害为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的66.16%, 平均种群密度为10.48头/m2, 10月份, 则以棕色鳃金龟幼虫发生为主, 发生量占地下害虫总数的96.86%, 平均种群密度为7.79头/m2, 主要取食百合根系和鳞茎, 造成根系数量减少, 鳞茎出现不规则褐色缺口或凹陷斑。药剂筛选结果表明, 1.8%阿维菌素乳油、200亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌粉剂对两种蛴螬均具有较高的杀虫活性和速效性, 药后7 d时, 校正死亡率在82.22%以上, 对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫和棕色鳃金龟幼虫的LC50分别为0.161、0.060 mg/g和5.558×107、0.362×107孢子/g, LT50分别为2.237 d（2.2 mg/g）、1.393 d（2.2 mg/g）和6.645 d（40.0×107孢子/g）、4.940 d（2.0×107孢子/g）, 这两种生物（源）农药对两种蛴螬的LC50和LT50值均略大于两种化学农药25%二嗪磷乳油、40%辛硫磷乳油处理的, 且对小云斑鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性均低于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的杀虫活性, 致死中时则长于对棕色鳃金龟幼虫的致死中时。 相似文献
16.
Effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on efficacy and duration of control of Fusarium wilt of tomato 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
17.
E. LIMPERT B. C. CLIFFORD A. DREISEITL R. JOHNSON K. MÜLLER A. ROELFS C. WELLINGS 《EPPO Bulletin》1994,24(1):109-112
A variety of systems of designation has evolved to name pathotypes of plant pathogens. The systems were evaluated to determine those best suited for particular purposes. Virulence and avirulence/virulence formulae of pathotypes have advantage over the use of consecutive numbers or letters given in chronological order of pathotype discovery. As soon as pathotype information exceeds a certain level of complexity, mathematical codes are most advantageous, in particular two codes, octal notation and coded triplets. A more universal adoption of the most appropriate codes is recommended to ease communication and comparisons of results. 相似文献
18.
Christopher D. Keating Lindy M. Holden-Dye Robert J. Walker 《Pest management science》1996,46(3):263-266
The neuropeptide AF2 has a complex set of actions on the dorsal muscle strip of Ascaris suum, including a potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. Caffeine at 100 μm and 5 mm inhibited this potentiation, as did 100 μm theophylline in two out of six studies. The cyclic-AMP-potentiating compounds IBMX, dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin had no effect on the AF2-induced potentiation of the acetylcholine-stimulated muscle contraction. These preliminary data suggest that the potentiating action of AF2 is not mediated by a cAMP pathway. 相似文献
19.
Magdalina I. Luzhnova Lyudmila M. Shekhtman 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):205-210
The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues. 相似文献
20.
The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. 相似文献