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非洲鸵鸟屠宰性能测定及部分解剖结构观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
非洲鸵鸟是目前世界范围内广泛推广的畜禽新品种，一九九二年引入我国进行产业化饲养，几年来在我国发展迅速，已推广到我国二十八个省市、自治区。但是，到目前为止，鸵鸟在我国的存栏数仍相当有限（不足五万只），种苗价值高；因此，相关的研究工作难以开展，有关其屠宰测定的方法及屠宰性能研究资料尚为空白。本研究的目的在于商榷鸵鸟屠宰测定的方法，比较非洲黑鸵鸟和蓝颈鸵鸟屠宰性能上的差异，同时观察鸵鸟消化系统和骨骼系统及内脏的结构特点。一、材料选择本中心培育的九月龄非洲黑雄鸵鸟和蓝颈雄鸵鸟各一只，空腹十二小时后，颈静… 相似文献
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１９９７年１２月～１９９８年４月于黑龙江省哈尔滨郊区某鸵鸟场对１２只１－２１０日龄的非洲黑颈鸵鸟，结合本地气候特点进行了耐寒性定向培育试验，取得了较好的效果，试验期鸵鸟成活率达１００％，１日龄雏鸟在３２℃育雏条件下，生长发育良好，５－６月龄鸵鸟培育后能逐渐适当当地－３０℃左右的饲养环境，鸵鸟各日龄体重均达到正常标准，试验结果为鸵鸟在我国北方地区耐寒性培育工作提供了技术参考和例证。 相似文献
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提高非洲鸵鸟孵化率和健雏率的措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鸵鸟 (非洲鸵鸟 )是世界上现存的最大禽类 ,具有很高的饲养价值。但是由于非洲鸵鸟的蛋大而重 ,蛋壳厚而结实 ,再加上饲养时间短 ,缺乏经验 ,使得鸵鸟人工孵化的孵化率、健雏率都很低 ,严重影响了其经济效益的发挥。本文就提高非洲鸵鸟人工孵化率和健雏率的措施进行讨论 ,供鸵鸟饲养者参考。1 种鸟的饲养管理1 1 场址鸵鸟场应建在远离公路、机场、居民闹市区、背风向阳、地势较高且平坦的地方 ,土质以沙土或沙壤土为好。1 2 饲养面积鸵鸟的体型较大 ,人工驯化饲养时间短 ,野性尚存。为了适应这种生活习性 ,成年鸵鸟特别是种鸟的饲养面… 相似文献
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鸵鸟分为非洲鸵鸟、澳洲鸵鸟和美洲鸵鸟，国内饲养的鸵鸟是分别从非洲、澳洲和美洲引入的。其中，澳洲鸵鸟体型最小，体高1．8米左右，体重40～58公斤；非洲鸵鸟体型最大．高达2．5米。体长达2米，体重达180公斤。鸵鸟具有如下特性：耐粗饲易成活，饲养成本低；对环境适应力强；抗病力强；耐干热。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献