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1.
为分析患鲫造血器官坏死症异育银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio体内不同器官组织中鲤疱疹病毒(CyHV-2)粒子的形态结构、分布和发生过程,采集患病异育银鲫体肾、脾脏、头肾、肝胰脏、肠道、鳃各组织样本,利用透射电镜观察疱疹病毒和组织细胞超微病理学。在所采集器官组织中均观察到鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型的DNA内核、空衣壳、实心核衣壳、含包膜成熟病毒共4种不同成熟时期的病毒粒子,不同时期的病毒粒子直径分别为65~90nm、90~180nm、90~180nm、170~220nm;体肾和脾脏中含有大量的Cy HV-2病毒,而头肾、肝胰脏、肠道和鳃中病毒粒子较少;CyHV-2病毒主要感染体肾、头肾、脾脏的吞噬细胞,导致机体免疫机能改变;组织细胞病理学观察发现吞噬细胞核边缘化,核内染色质变性,核膜溶解,线粒体嵴断裂,出现空泡,个别细胞溶解坏死。通过PCR检测和电镜观察病毒粒子结构特征,确诊异育银鲫感染Cy HV-2病毒,主要器官组织细胞中均有CyHV-2病毒,且在细胞核中完成复制和组装,在细胞质中获得外膜。感染Cy HV-2病毒的异育银鲫主要器官组织均受到一定的损伤。 相似文献
2.
大鲵虹彩病毒的形态结构及其包涵体特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用电镜和免疫荧光技术,对纯化的大鲵(Andrias davidianus)虹彩病毒粒子、感染病毒的EPC细胞以及确诊感染病毒的病鲵组织样品进行观察和分析。结果表明,纯化的大鲵虹彩病毒负染后电镜下显示球形结构,具囊膜,直径约150 nm;感染EPC细胞中的病毒颗粒呈典型的正二十面体结构,由核衣壳和核心构成,核衣壳呈正六边形,对角直径为(150±5)nm(N=30),核衣壳厚度约5 nm,核心直径为(98±18)nm(N=27)。在病鲵病变的肺和肾组织中发现存在大量聚集或分散的病毒颗粒,其形态特征和感染EPC细胞超薄切片观察的结果一致。免疫荧光电镜观察结果显示,感染病毒的细胞可观察到明显的红色荧光信号,且呈斑块状分布,大小不等。综合大鲵虹彩病毒初步的形态发生和免疫荧光观察结果,认为病毒感染细胞后在不同的发生时期会形成不同类型的病毒包涵体。 相似文献
3.
“红肉病”文蛤中发现的一种球形病毒的形态发生与细胞病理学 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
在患“红肉病”文蛤的消化盲囊上皮细胞中发现了一种球形病毒及其发生基质。病毒粒子呈球形，无囊膜，直径约50－80nm，在细胞质内形成多泡状的包涵体并进行病毒粒子的装配。受感染的细胞具有明显的病理变化，主要表现为核固缩或肿胀并出现核空泡，内质网膨胀、大部分转化泡状，线粒体溶解或固缩，溶酶体数量增多等。 相似文献
4.
中国对虾淋巴组织培养中的病毒及病理观察 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对中国对虾的淋巴器官和经过培养的养殖、海捕中国对虾的淋巴组织细胞进行电镜观察 ,均发现在细胞内存在一种形状为球形 ,有囊膜 ,平均直径为 136nm的病毒 ,病毒分布于细胞质内 ,或成团存在 ,似为一种虹彩病毒 ;在养殖对虾淋巴器官及培养过的组织细胞中还发现另一种病毒 ,病毒粒子为正二十面体 ,无囊膜 ,平均直径为 33nm ,分布于细胞质中 ,似为一种小RNA病毒。在体外培养淋巴组织过程中 ,病毒在细胞内没有明显增殖迹象。感染病毒的细胞呈现细胞核固缩 ,细胞质空泡化 ,线粒体内嵴模糊 ,粗面内质网水肿等一系列病理变化。对淋巴组织切片进行光镜观察 ,发现淋巴器官组织部分坏死 ,有些细胞核肿大 ,苏木精深染 ,严重的细胞核结构已经被破坏。 相似文献
5.
应用常规显微和亚显微技术观察和分析患淋巴囊肿病养殖牙鲆(Paralichthys olioaceus)的病理学变化，利用差速离心和蔗糖密度梯度离心技术分离其病原——淋巴囊肿病毒，并利用牙鲆细组织细胞系FG—9307为感染基质，观察淋巴囊肿病毒引起的细胞病理变化。结果表明，患病牙鲆的囊肿组织是一些淋巴囊肿细胞的集合体，这些囊肿细胞排列紧密，直径为10—100μm，细胞近圆形，细胞质内散布有大量的嗜碱性包涵体，且多数集中在细胞的边缘部分；囊肿细胞内含有大量病毒粒子，其衣壳外形呈六角或五角形，直径为150—230nm，大多数病毒粒子中央有一致密的核，核外周包围着一双层核衣壳，核衣壳的表面可见一圈把手样亚单位。以患病牙鲆囊肿物制备的上清液接种细胞，7d内未见细胞异常，经盲传2—3代后，细胞出现较明显的细胞病变效应。 相似文献
6.
栉孔扇贝大规模死亡致病病原的研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
对2000-2002年山东沿海6个疫区患病栉孔扇贝进行电镜观察，在消化腺、外套膜、肾和肠的结缔组织细胞和间质细胞中发现一种球形病毒．并引起相直的病理学变化。该病毒具囊膜，直径为130～170nm，核衣壳直径为90～140nm。病毒分离纯化后．观察到的病毒囊膜表面覆有长20nm的纤突。病毒在细胞质中的囊泡样结构内完成装配，其内未发现包涵体存在。从发病疫区栉孔扇贝组织中分离出病毒毒种对键康扇贝进行人工感染。结果显示，各感染实验组发病扇贝表现出与自然海区发病扇贝相同的临床症状。病毒注射组死r二率为?5％，病毒浸浴组死亡率为68．7％．灭活病毒注射组和空白对照组死亡率皆为12．5％。病毒注射、浸浴组与灭活病毒注射组、空白对照组死亡率差异显著。电镜复检结果显示，各感染实验组发病扇贝组织中分布有大量病毒粒子，与自然海区发病扇贝组织所观察到的病毒粒子在形态特征和病理学特征上完全一致。以上结果证明，病毒是导致栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的直接病原。 相似文献
7.
4种海水鱼淋巴囊肿组织的病理特征比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
取山东、河北、浙江等地感染淋巴囊肿病的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)、许氏平鮋(Sebastes schlegeli)、鲈鱼(Lateo-labrax japonicus)及纹腹叉鼻(Arothron hispidus),利用光镜和电镜技术及组织化学方法,对患病鱼淋巴囊肿组织的病理特征进行观察比较。结果发现,来自不同地区同一种鱼的淋巴囊肿组织的病理特征无明显差异,不同种鱼的淋巴囊肿细胞具有共同的特征:细胞膨大,细胞核不规则,细胞质内有嗜碱性的、呈Feulgen和Mann氏反应阳性的包涵体,囊肿细胞的细胞膜外有呈PAS反应阳性的均质囊壁,细胞质内病毒颗粒的大小200～220 nm,核周池内有高电子密度物质等。不同种鱼囊肿组织细胞的大小、细胞核的不规则程度、细胞质内包涵体的形态、细胞质内病毒粒子的分布状态,以及囊肿物的外观等有差异。虽然不同种鱼之间存在差异,囊肿组织共同的病理学特征仍可作为疾病诊断的可靠依据。 相似文献
8.
一种真鲷球形病毒的形态及细胞病理学电子显微镜观察 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对１９９５年青岛地区患病真鲷肝脏、肠上皮组织、贤脏、鳃等组织进行电镜观察,发现一种球形病毒,该病毒具有囊腊,直径为８０￣１００ｎｍ,在核和细胞质中均形成不规则形态包涵体;细胞病理变化表现为核内染色质变性,核膜水肿变形且部分溶解,内质网膨胀,胞质内有大量游离核糖体分布,线粒体外膜及内嵴变形且有少量溶解。 相似文献
9.
以长缟鲹(Pseudocaranx dentex)孵化仔鱼为材料，通过神经坏死病毒(Nervous Necrosis Virus，NNV)浸浴感染实验，明确病毒浓度越高，供试鱼被病毒感染的时间越早，病毒检出率越高；运用细胞组织病理学和酶联免疫(Enzyme-1inked immunosorbent assays，ELISA)的原理和方法，了解了神经坏死病毒的侵入、感染和在神经组织中的扩散方式；利用ELISA技术，结合电子显微镜对NNV感染细胞进行超显微观察，确认育苗水环境中神经坏死病毒可水平感染供试鱼皮肤上皮的基底细胞；病毒感染细胞发生细胞质内质网膨胀、细胞核变性、细胞小器官数减少等病理变化；病毒感染细胞质中病毒粒子有散布、类结晶和二者兼有3种存在形式。本研究成果可为了解海水鱼类人工育苗的病毒性神经坏死症感染途径、传播和预防病毒性神经坏死症的发生提供科学依据。 相似文献
10.
牡蛎疱疹病毒对魁蚶的致病性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明牡蛎疱疹病毒(Os HV-1)对魁蚶的致病性,本研究使用发病魁蚶组织制作病毒悬液进行感染实验。感染实验分为空白组、阴性悬液注射组和病毒悬液注射组,并使用实时定量PCR法对感染后魁蚶体内病毒的时空分布进行检测。实验结果显示,空白组和阴性悬液组魁蚶感染后未检测到病毒粒子,病毒悬液注射组魁蚶经人工感染后,各部位病毒含量均呈先上升再下降随后又上升的趋势,最终达到106拷贝/ng DNA左右。通过电镜观察,在感染魁蚶的鳃、肝胰腺、外套膜中出现染色质边缘化甚至消失,细胞核肿胀、溶解,核仁消失,核膜扩张、不清晰,线粒体肿大,脊崩解,核糖体脱落等一系列细胞病理变化。在其细胞核和细胞质中均能发现大量直径为90~110 nm球形病毒粒子,该病毒粒子具囊膜,囊膜内可见均匀高电子密度的核衣壳,与自然发病魁蚶负染电镜中的病毒粒子形态相同。研究结果表明,Os HV-1可以感染魁蚶并与魁蚶大规模死亡有直接相关关系;魁蚶感染Os HV-1后机体产生应激反应,对Os HV-1有一定抑制作用,但其作用机制还有待进一步实验验证。 相似文献
11.
中华绒螯蟹小核糖核酸病毒病及其组织病理学 总被引：40，自引：3，他引：37
本文对所谓“抖抖病”的中华绒螯蟹病蟹病因进行了分析研究。经电镜观察,病蟹的心脏、了、鳃、肠和肝脏胰腺中存在着球状病毒粒子,病毒无囊膜,直径为２８－３２ｎｍ左右,分布在细胞浆内,不形成包涵体。从病毒形态和染色反应特性确定该病毒为小ＲＮＡ病毒科病毒。经人工注射病蟹组织浆除菌上清液,被感染的健康蟹出现在自然发病蟹足严重抖动等一样的症状,表明病囊中的小ＲＮＡ病毒为该病原。病蟹病理特征为：细胞肿大,核溶解七 相似文献
12.
During 1996, microscopic examinations of post larvae and juveniles of moribund Litopenaeus vannamei showed multifocal necrosis in the cuticular epithelial tissues. In addition to these severe degenerative alterations in the epithelial cells typical of infectious cuticular epithelial necrosis virus (ICENV), columnar cells of the epithelium displayed small round intracytoplasmic inclusions in the necrotic tissue. Examination by electron microscopy of affected tissues demonstrated prokaryotic organisms in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells delineated by a distinct cytoplasmic vesicle; the prokaryotic organisms were morphologically similar to the genus Chlamydia. The necrotic tissue also showed the presence of particles of ICENV; the double infection by two different organisms in cuticular epithelial cells has not been reported previously. Two distinct stages in the intracellular development of a Chlamydia‐like organism were recognized: (1) pleomorphic elementary bodies (EBs) that were spherical to oval were often observed in the process of division or in forming a common chain of three cells, the cells were surrounded by a rigid cell envelope and the presence of a cap or plaque hexagonally arrayed; (2) the reticular bodies (RBs) were forms often in the process of division. These cells had an electron‐dense cytoplasm and contained a loose network of nuclear fibrils and a more fragile cell envelope. Regardless of the development stages of the Chlamydia‐like organism within the cytoplasmic vesicles, ICENV particles were observed, either dispersed or in clusters, surrounded or inside the vesicles. The potential adverse impact of this dual infection on shrimp culture should be considered, especially in high‐density operations. 相似文献
13.
Studies of the ultrastructure and morphogenesis of fish pathogenic viruses grown in cell culture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A birnavirus (infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, IPNV), three rhabdoviruses (viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, VHSV; infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus, IHNV; and spring viraemia of carp virus, SVCV) and an iridovirus (isolate from a sheatfish) were investigated with regard to their morphogenetic interactions with cells in culture. In cells infected with birnavirus, a granular viromatrix, single virions randomly distributed in the cytoplasm, viral particles aggregated in pseudocrystals and cytoplasmic tubuli similar in diameter to that of the virus were found. Rhabdoviruses entered the cells by viropexis and replicated within the cytoplasm. Maturation occurred predominantly at the cell membrane and sporadically at membranes of the Golgi cisternae. Inclusion bodies were found partially consisting of viral nucleocapsids. After budding, new virions were found adsorbed to the cell membrane. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus, known to exhibit an atypical shape because of preparative procedures, could be identified by immunostaining using two monoclonal antibodies directed against G- and N-proteins and colloidal gold. Iridoviruses entered the cells by viropexis. Viral particles were found in coated vesicles. Subsequently, vesicles without a clathrin coat were detected. Replication occurred within prominent cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Isometric viral nucleocapsids were transported in an unknown manner to the cell membrane and matured by budding. 相似文献
14.
对我国虹彩病毒感染的大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus进行的组织病理和超微病理学研究发现,该病典型的病理学特点是在病鱼的脾脏、肾脏、肠、肝脏、鳃、心脏和皮肤等器官组织内出现嗜碱性的肿大细胞。病毒感染导致患病大菱鲆多个器官组织发生了不同程度的病理变化,其中以脾脏组织的病理变化最为显著,表现为造血组织的严重坏死。此外,肾脏造血组织发生坏死、肠固有膜和黏膜下层出血和水肿、肝细胞水样变性、心肌局灶性坏死以及皮肤真皮层出血并伴有水肿和炎性渗出也是该病常见的组织病理学变化。超微病理研究表明,肿大细胞内有虹彩病毒粒子存在。病毒分布于受感染细胞的胞质、组织间隙以及血管腔内。受感染细胞出现线粒体和内质网等细胞器肿胀、崩解等细胞病理变化。研究认为,病毒感染造成皮下组织血管损伤出血,是虹彩病毒感染的大菱鲆发生＂红体病＂的原因所在。虹彩病毒感染所致的机体严重贫血是患病大菱鲆死亡的主要原因,而主要器官组织的病变使得病鱼器官功能衰竭则可加速鱼的死亡。 相似文献
15.
Abstract. Since 1992, frequent erythrocytic viral infections have occurred in cultured turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), on several fish farms in Galicia, Spain, causing important mortalities. Affected fish showed haemorrhages in the head, mouth and fins, exophthalmia and abdominal distension. The disease was also characterized by the presence of pale blue inclusions in affected erythrocytes. The examination of these erythrocytes by electron microscopy showed virus particles of 50–160 nm in size in the cytoplasm, budding av the cell membrane and extracellularly. The histopathological study revealed occasional necrosis of kidney haematopoietic tissue, an increase in the size and number of melanomacrophage centres of the spleen and kidney, and oedematous areas with hepatocytes containing eosinophilc bodies in the liver. Degeneration of muscle fibres was accompanied by an intense inflammatory oedema. Dermatitis as well as uveitis and corneal oedema were consistent lesions. 相似文献
16.
Approximately 8 weeks after a chlorine insult associated with the city water supply, shortnose sturgeon, Acipenser brevirostrum (L.), from one group presented with small (3–4 mm) irregular foci of cutaneous pallor that involved the dorsocranial integument with progressive ulceration of the nascent lesions. Various bacterial organisms were isolated from the cutaneous lesions, but not from the internal viscera. Histologically, the nuclei of the intralesional and perilesional epidermal cells often exhibited margination of the chromatin that resulted in a homogenous, pale, amphophilic, tinctorial quality of the nucleoplasm consistent with a herpesvirus infection. In addition, rare lamellar epithelial cells were prominently enlarged due to an abundant, dense, basophilic cytoplasm characteristic of an iridovirus infection. Inoculation of cutaneous lesion and kidney, spleen, liver sample pools from affected shortnose sturgeon onto white sturgeon spleen (WSS‐2) cell line induced cytopathic effect characterized by syncytia formation. Ultrastructural analysis of infected WSS‐2 cells revealed viral particles with a characteristic herpesvirus morphology. Intranuclear hexagonal capsids had a diameter of 95–108 nm, and enveloped particles present in the cytoplasm of infected cells had a diameter of 176–196 nm. This is the first report of a herpesvirus and a possible iridovirus‐like infection in shortnose sturgeon. 相似文献
17.
Since 1993, an epizootic viral disease has occurred in net-cage cultured red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel), in Peng-hu Island located on the south-western coast of Taiwan. The diseased fish exhibited abnormal swimming and were lethargic, but few visible external signs were observed. The cumulative mortality because of the disease sometimes reached 50-90% over 2 months. Histopathogical studies of the affected fish showed enlarged basophilic cells in the gill, kidney, heart, liver and spleen. These necrotic cells were Feulgen-positive and stained blue using Giemsa. Transmission electron microscopy revealed icosahedral virions in the cytoplasm of the necrotic cells. The viral particles consisted of a central nucleocapsid (75-80 nm) and envelope, and were 120-150 nm in diameter. These results suggest that the virus belongs to the Iridoviridae. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), approximately 570 bp fragments were produced from the viral DNA using as a template 1-F and 1-R primers derived from red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) from red sea bream in Japan. Similar results were also obtained using nested-PCR with different primer sets (1-F, 2-R and 2-F, 1-R). Although the size and some features of epizootics of this virus differed from RSIV in Japan, it shows close genetic affinities with the latter and it is suggested that RSIV has been introduced to Taiwan. 相似文献
18.
Circular whitish granular lesions, 5-12 mm in diameter, were observed on the skin and fins of a wild northern pike, Esox lucius, caught in a lake in the Republic of Ireland. Histological examination of the lesions revealed hypertrophied cells in the epidermis with deeply basophilic enlarged nuclei and dark-staining granular material in the cytoplasm. Transmission electron microscopy of these cells revealed naked hexagonal herpes-like virus nucleocapsids (97 +/- 7 nm) in their nuclei while the cytoplasm contained multiple aggregates of enveloped viral particles. This is the first report of herpes-like virus particles in northern pike originating outside North America, where esocid herpesvirus-1 (EsHV-1) has previously been reported. Shared clinical, histological, morphological and epidemiological findings suggest that the observed particles in this report may also be EsHV-1. 相似文献
19.
A new viral agent was found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum of epithelial cells of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) sampled during mass mortalities. A 40% mortality rate affected nursery and grow‐out ponds during the first 50–60 days of culture, and peak mortality in ponds occurred when shrimp reached 2–4 g. Histopathological changes of affected shrimp showed different grades of necrosis in epithelial cells and, in some cases, other tissues were affected. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of columnar cells of the cuticular epithelium showed the accumulation of viral particles, either dispersed in the cytoplasm or in a string‐like or paracrystalline array. These arrays of virions were within membrane‐bound vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in orderly arrays on the outer nuclear membrane or along the ER. The virus particles had apparently proliferated in the ER. The virions had an opaque area with an approximate diameter of 20 nm and an electron‐lucent surface layer. The approximate diameter of the non‐enveloped virions was 25 nm. The cytological changes observed are similar to those associated with the Picornaviridae and Nodaviridae families. The histopathology and ultrastructure of a new disease in L. vannamei is associated with the presence of a putative new virus. Until further isolation and characterization is performed, it is recommended to refer to the agent as Litopenaeus vannamei viral‐like particles (LvVLPs). 相似文献