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1.
为了解萝卜ICE1密码子的使用特性,运用CUSP和Codon W软件程序分析萝卜ICE1密码子的使用偏好性,并与芜菁等10种植物ICE1、萝卜基因组样本及拟南芥等基因组密码子偏性进行比较。结果表明,萝卜ICE1密码子偏好以A/T结尾;根据RSCU值,确定萝卜ICE1高频密码子有12个;与萝卜基因组密码子相比,19个密码子的偏好性相同;与其他物种同源基因相比,密码子选择偏性存在差异;聚类分析中,基于ICE1编码序列的聚类结果比密码子使用偏性分析更能准确地反映物种间的亲缘关系;与其他物种基因组密码子使用频率比较发现,同科物种(拟南芥、甘蓝)差异较小,与水稻差异较大,预示着萝卜ICE1在异源表达时尚需进行适当的改造和优化。萝卜ICE1密码子偏性分析为萝卜ICE1的异源表达及分子遗传研究提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
2.
橄榄转录组密码子使用偏好性及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解橄榄密码子使用偏好特征,以福榄1号橄榄为材料,利用codonW和EMBOSS等软件分析橄榄转录组密码子使用偏好性参数,并探讨偏好性形成的可能因素。结果表明,橄榄转录组平均有效密码子数(ENc)、密码子G和C(GC)含量及密码子第3位上G和C(GC3s)含量分别为51.80、0.435和0.377,表明橄榄转录组密码子使用偏好性较弱,且倾向使用富含A和T且以A或T结尾的密码子。橄榄转录组高低表达基因样本之间同义密码相对使用度(RSCU)差异较小,其中CGC、ATC、CTC和ACC等可作为橄榄最优密码子群。密码子组分分析、中性绘图分析、ENc-GC3s关联分析和偏倚分析结果表明,橄榄转录组密码子使用偏好性可能是以突变压力为主,多种作用方式共同影响的结果。此外,烟草和酵母菌可作为橄榄目标基因异源转化的理想受体系统。本试验结果为进一步研究橄榄遗传背景和分子进化提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
3.
4.
几种植物waxy基因的密码子用法特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
密码子简并性特征造成了不同物种或同一物种的不同基因在密码子使用上存在不同的偏爱性。本研究运用Codon W软件对水稻、玉米、高粱、小麦、大麦、拟南芥、豌豆的waxy基因的密码子用法进行了分析。结果表明：单子叶植物与双子叶植物waxy基因的密码子用法差异较大,前者偏向于使用以G或C碱基结尾的密码子,后者则偏向于使用以A或T碱基结尾的密码子。不同物种的waxy基因在密码子用法差异上表现为,进化上亲缘关系越近的物种其基因密码子用法越相似。因此,基于基因密码子用法的研究,可作为目前各种系统发育分析方法的重要补充,用于物种进化关系和分子进化机制研究。 相似文献
5.
大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)是导致人类和初生幼畜腹泻的重要人畜共患型病原体,而产肠毒素大肠杆菌F4是引起腹泻最常见的病原之一。前期已有研究表明4型黏蛋白基因(Mucin 4 gene,MUC4)可能作为大肠杆菌F4ab/F4ac的重要受体基因。研究密码子的使用特性有助于进一步了解某一特定基因的分子机制和进化关系。为了揭示MUC4基因密码子的使用模式,本研究选取13种哺乳动物MUC4基因的编码序列,计算其碱基组成、有效密码子数、同义密码子相对使用度(relative synonymous codon usage,RSCU)等相关参数,同时分析了影响MUC4基因密码子使用偏好性的因素。结果表明:不同物种MUC4基因偏好使用以G或C结尾的密码子,RSCU值分析发现,不同物种中CUG、AGG、GCC、AUC、GUG、ACA为最优密码子(RSCU值1.6);此外,MUC4基因密码子偏好性主要受密码子第3位碱基的GC含量(GC3s)的影响;聚类分析发现,猪(Sus scrofa)与家猫(Felis catus)聚为一类,人(Homo sapiens)与家犬(Canis lupus familiaris)聚为一类,与系统分类关系不一致。本研究系统揭示了MUC4基因密码子的使用模式,为今后MUC4基因在动物遗传改良中选择合适的受体动物,以及通过基因工程和密码子优化途径提高外源基因表达水平进而提高机体对大肠杆菌F4ab/F4ac病原菌感染的抗性提供理论依据。 相似文献
6.
为了探究豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）叶绿体基因组密码子的使用模式,本研究从NCBI下载完整的豇豆叶绿体基因组序列,并对其进行结构分析。利用CodonW和CUSP对筛选获得的50条可编码蛋白序列（CDS）进行分析,获得GC1、GC2、GC3、RSCU、CAI、CBI、Fop、ENc、RFSC等重要参数,并进行中性绘图、PR2-plot绘图、ENc-plot绘图以及对应分析、最优密码子分析和其他物种对比分析。结果发现,豇豆叶绿体基因密码子更偏向以A或U(T)结尾,G和C在密码子各位置中的占比较低,平均值为36.31%;有效密码子数（ENc）的平均值为44.903,密码子偏好性较弱;GC1与GC2、GC3间均有相关性,表明碱基突变对密码子选择也有影响。从中性绘图、PR2-plot绘图、ENc-plot绘图结果可以看出,豇豆叶绿体密码子使用偏好性同时受到了碱基突变与自然选择的影响。本研究最终筛选出20个最优密码子,并将豇豆叶绿体基因组密码子使用频率与其他物种进行比较,发现豇豆与番茄在密码子使用频率上存在较高的相似度。本研究结果为提高豇豆叶绿体外源基因的表达效率提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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BBX是调控植物非生物胁迫相关基因表达,响应植物逆境胁迫的重要锌指蛋白类转录因子。为探究BBX在独行菜(Lepidium apetalum)幼苗耐受低温生长中的表达响应及其密码子偏好性,本研究基于独行菜转录组数据,筛选独行菜BBX编码基因的cDNA序列,并从独行菜幼苗中克隆获得全长733 bp的基因编码区序列,命名为LaBBX。序列分析表明,LaBBX由242个氨基酸组成,包含2个B-box锌指蛋白结构域,蛋白分子量为61.66 kDa,等电点为5.09,无信号肽和跨膜区。独行菜幼苗受低温胁迫时,LaBBX基因显著上调表达,6 h上调表达至21倍,且24 h内均呈现高水平表达,说明该转录因子可能在独行菜幼苗受低温胁迫时起重要作用。偏好性分析结果显示,独行菜LaBBX基因的ENc、CAI值和GC含量分别为55.453、0.244和46.78%,其密码子使用偏性较弱,相对偏好使用AT,高频密码子有8个,CDS序列及RSCU聚类分析中与十字花科植物最相近;其偏好性的形成与突变和自然选择等诸多因素相关,酵母菌表达系统更适合作为LaBBX基因的异源表达受体,拟南芥是适宜LaBBX基因的遗传转化受体。本研究为了解独行菜LaBBX基因的异源表达及基因功能提供了重要参考。 相似文献
8.
蒺藜苜蓿WRKY转录因子密码子使用偏好性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
密码子使用偏好性普遍存在于各种生物中,但突变和自然选择压力对每种生物密码子使用偏好性不同.WRKY基因家族是一类只存在于植物的转录因子,主要参与植物体内转录调控和信号转导过程.本研究以蒺藜苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)WRKY转录因子(MtWRKY)为研究对象,揭示Mt WRKY基因密码子使用偏好性形成的主要因素,并筛选最优密码子.研究结果表明,代表MtWRKY基因的点均分布在有效密码子数(effective number of codons,ENC)标准曲线以下,表明密码子受自然选择压力或突变选择压力或其他因素影响;密码子第1、2位平均GC含量(GC12)与密码子第3位GC含量(GC3)相关性分析发现,GC12与GC3呈显著正相关(r=0.34,P＜0.01),表明突变压力导致密码子3个位点具有相似的GC含量;GC3s值分布在0.2～0.5之间,表明密码子使用偏好性主要受突变压力影响.奇偶偏好分析表明,MtWRKY基因第3位密码子CT含量＞AG含量.G和C(或者A和T)不成比例分布在密码子第3位上,表明密码子使用偏好性受到自然选择压力影响,但很可能突变压力仍起主要作用.最优密码子使用频率(frequency of optimal codons,Fop)与GC含量以及序列长度相关性分析发现,Fop与外显予GC含量呈显著正相关(r=0.57,P＜0.01),而与内含子GC含量呈较弱正相关(r=0.09,P＞0.05);Fop与外显子序列的长度呈正相关(r=0.28,P＜0.05),而与内含子长度呈负相关(r=-0.01,P＞0.05).表明MtWRKY基因外显子和内含子序列的形成受不同选择压力影响;外显子密码子使用偏好性受突变压力影响,而内含子可能是由于自然选择压力作用于突变选择形成的.确定了4个以G或C结尾的最优密码子.研究结果为WRKY转基因研究过程中密码子优化提供了理论支持. 相似文献
9.
植物络合素是植物细胞中的小分子多肽,可以螯合重金属离子并储存于液泡中,起到降低毒性和富集重金属的作用.植物络合素合酶基因(PCS)是植物络合素合成过程的关键基因,本研究对15种植物镉(Cd2+)富集相关的PCS基因序列进行了生物信息学分析.结果表明,PCS具有保守的外显子组成;位于PCS肽链N端的氨基酸序列一致率达到82.54％,位于C端的氨基酸序列一致率为63.37％;PCS含量最多的氨基酸为亮氨酸(11.17％),色氨酸含量最少(1.63％);PCS具有保守的催化活性中心Cys70、His176、Asp194;不同PCS基因的密码子偏好使用性差异明显,高频密码子平均数量超过9个.研究结果显示,不同PCS基因既有保守的结构组成,也显现出种属的差异,可以用于物种的分类和亲缘关系分析.研究结果为PCS基因的功能及作用机制研究提供了重要的科学依据. 相似文献
10.
目前对于自生固氮菌和共生固氮菌的密码子使用特征已有较深入的了解,然而对于既可以进行自生固氮又可以共生固氮的固氮菌的认识仍十分有限。本研究采用对应分析、相关分析和卡方检验等方法对具有这一特征的茎瘤固氮根瘤菌ORS571基因组密码子进行分析,以期深入了解该类固氮菌密码子使用特征。以有效密码子数量(ENC)和密码子第3位GC含量(GC3s)分别为x、y轴绘制ENC-plot图谱,同时绘制描述仅受基因组碱基组成影响条件下的ENC和GC3s关系的期望曲线。结果发现,部分基因位于期望曲线上,说明该菌密码子偏好性受到了基因组碱基组成影响。对应分析和相关分析表明,包括固氮相关基因在内的全部基因在对应分析第1向量轴上的坐标值均与密码子适应指数和GC3s呈显著负相关(P<0.05),说明该菌码子偏好性还受基因表达水平和GC3s的影响。22个密码子的使用频率在高表达基因中显著增多,确定为最优密码子。其中21个密码子以G/C结尾,说明最优密码子有强烈的GC3s偏好。 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
14.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
17.
Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
18.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. 相似文献