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1.
为了探索中国大蒜种质个体的SSR位点的分布情况,为品种鉴定、保存及遗传改良提供分子生物学依据,利用6对SSR引物对40个大蒜(Allium sativumL.)品种进行聚类分析、主成分分析及遗传多样性评价。共检测到21个多态性位点,平均每对引物可扩增出约3.5条多态性片段,多态性百分率为56.76%;SSR引物组合平均有效等位基因数、Nei基因多样度和Shannon信息指数分别为1.5551、0.3414和0.5188。聚类分析显示,6对SSR引物可把40份大蒜种质资源从0.59相似系数水平上3个类群。第一类群包含28份种质,在相似系数为0.73的水平上进一步又被分成了3个亚类;第二亚类仅包含2份种质;第三亚类包含10份种质,在0.68的相似系数水平上分成了2个亚类。主成分分析和UPGMA的结果基本一致。不同地理来源的大蒜种质的Shannon-Weaver多样性指数的变幅为0.0576~0.4179,说明大蒜种质遗传多样性丰富。本研究利用SSR分子标记技术较准确地解析大蒜不同材料间的亲缘关系及遗传多样性,为中国大蒜SSR分子标记提供基础资料。 相似文献
2.
利用与玉米株高穗位高相关的SSR标记,对138份吉林省玉米育种的骨干自交系进行遗传多样性分析,并通过UPGMA方法对自交系进行聚类分析,同时对3个旅大红骨改良系的遗传组成进行解析,旨在为亲本选配提供依据。结果表明,扩增带型稳定的20对株高穗位高相关的SSR引物,检测出114个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出2~12个等位基因,平均等位基因数目为5.7个。每对引物多态性信息含量(PIC)变异范围为0.028~0.78,平均多态性信息含量为0.517,几大类群的多态性信息含量的顺序为旅大红骨类群(0.47)Lancaster类群(0.42)塘四平头类群(0.41)reid类群(0.35)。聚类分析表明,供试玉米可划分为2个大群,4个亚群,其中lancaster类群与其他类群亲缘关系较远。此外,3个旅大红骨改良系遗传解析的结果证明,分子标记辅助选择在数量性状遗传改良上具有实际应用价值。本研究结果为玉米株型改良育种提供了依据。 相似文献
3.
马铃薯遗传资源多样性的SRAP分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用SRAP分子标记，对44份马铃薯品种的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果显示, 随机抽取27对SRAP引物，对基因组DNA进行特异扩增，其中23对引物扩增出多态性条带，共获得104个多态性条带, 多态性引物比率达85.2%, 平均每对引物产生4.5个多态性条带，表明SRAP标记具有较高的多态性比率。44份种质资源的SRAP标记遗传距离为0.147-0.741。当遗传距离D=0.67时，将44份种质资源分为四大类群，包括一个复合类群和三个独立类群。其中复合类群可进一步分为7个亚群。从而在DNA水平上证明了所研究马铃薯种质资源具有丰富的遗传多样性。 相似文献
4.
为探明山西芝麻种质资源的遗传特性,本研究利用30对简单重复序列标记(SSR)对71份山西芝麻种质资源进行遗传多样性分析及群体结构分析。结果表明,30对SSR标记共检测到144个等位基因位点,平均每个SSR标记4.800个等位基因;有效等位基因数在1.058~5.149之间,平均2.805个;Shannon指数变幅为0.128~1.813,平均为1.096;Nei's遗传多样性指数变幅为0.055~0.806,平均为0.558;多态性信息含量变幅为0.053~0.783,平均为0.515。基于SSR标记对参试材料进行聚类分析,遗传相似系数为0.21~0.67,在遗传相似系数0.27处将参试材料分为6个类群;基于SSR标记对参试材料进行群体结构分析,将参试材料划分为5个组群。综上所述,山西芝麻种质资源间遗传差异相对较高,具有丰富的遗传多样性,在今后芝麻种质资源创制利用中,加大山西芝麻种质资源的开发与利用,可为芝麻品种遗传改良和优异基因发掘奠定良好的基础。 相似文献
5.
普通玉米和特用玉米的SSR标记聚类 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用SSR标记研究了64份玉米自交系（包括普通玉米和特用玉米自交系）的亲缘关系。用30对扩增带型稳定的SSR引物,从供试材料中检测出116个等位基因变异,每对引物检测出等位基因2~10个,平均3.87个。SSR引物的PIC介于0.306~0.893之间,平均多态性信息量为0.717。按UPGMA方法对供试自交系进行聚类,以遗传距离0.586为基准,可将材料划分为11类。64份自交系的SSR标记聚类分析表明,普通玉米与特用玉米糯玉米、甜玉米、爆裂玉米等并不能严格地各自划为一类,只有亲缘关系较近的特用玉米自交系聚在一起,有些特用玉米与普通玉米聚在一起,部分特用玉米具有丰富的普通玉米种质资源遗传背景。特用玉米自交系间的遗传距离与普通玉米自交系间的遗传距离差异达到0.01的极显著水平。此外,不同类型特用玉米间、特用玉米与普通玉米间的遗传差异较大,特用玉米在进化和选育过程中积累并保存了丰富的遗传变异。 相似文献
6.
用SSR对60个玉米自交系的DNA进行分子标记和杂种优势群划分研究。利用14对SSR引物在供试材料中检测出57个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因2～7个,平均为4．07个,多态信息量变化范围为0．389～0．832,平均为0．692。自交系间遗传相似系数变幅为0．058～0．756,UPGMA聚类分析表明,供试自交系可分为五个类群。利用这14对具有较高多态性信息量的引物,可以对供试材料进行初步鉴定。 相似文献
7.
为深入了解番茄种质资源的遗传多样性,运用竞争性等位基因特异性PCR(KASP)技术,利用前期筛选出的60对多态性较高的单核苷酸多态性标记(SNP),对收集的504份番茄种质资源进行遗传多样性分析、聚类分析、主成分分析及群体结构分析。结果表明,60个SNP分子标记共检测到181个等位基因,基因多样性平均值为0.450,期望杂合率(He)平均值为0.069,多态性信息值(PIC)变化范围为0.171~0.583,平均值为0.381。在遗传距离为0.36时,504份番茄材料被划分为7个类群,各材料间的平均遗传距离为0.62;根据主成分分析结果将群体分为3个类群;基于SNP标记对参试材料进行群体结构分析,在K=3时,504份番茄种质资源被划分为3类。本研究筛选出的60对SNP标记的多态性为中度偏高,番茄种质资源遗传多样性较丰富,可为后续宁夏地区番茄的核心种质构建及种质资源的有效利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
SSR和SRAP标记研究油菜杂交种骨干亲本的遗传多样性 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7
用SSR和SRAP两种分子标记方法研究51份甘蓝型油菜杂交种亲本系的遗传多样性,并对两种分子标记研究结果进行比较。结果发现,在51份材料中,45对SSR引物共扩增出194条多态性条带,平均每对引物为4.3条,25对SRAP引物共扩增出197条多态性条带,平均每对引物为7.9条。UPGMA聚类分析表明,SSR和SRAP标记都可将51份亲本材料划分为五大类群,本所选育的玻里马细胞质雄性不育系（Polima CMS）的主要保持系和恢复系都聚在同一类群的不同亚群中。根据系谱资料分析发现,SRAP标记划分的类群与系谱资料更为接近,SRAP标记更适用于遗传关系较近材料的遗传多样性分析。SRAP标记揭示的亲本间遗传距离要大于SSR标记揭示的遗传距离。两种不同标记方法揭示出油菜亲本遗传多样性的差异主要是由不同的标记方法揭示的标记位点等位基因变异数不同造成的。 相似文献
9.
为研究广西地方食用木薯材料的遗传多样性,以48份广西地方食用木薯为试验材料,分析其变异系数、遗传多样指数、聚类分析、多态性和遗传相似性系数。结果表明,收集的木薯材料的平均表型变异系数为37.9%,平均遗传多样性指数为0.807,其中主茎分叉角度的变异系数最大,为86.7%,块根内皮颜色的遗传多样性指数最大,为1.842。13对SSR引物共扩增出118个条带,其中多态性条带为106个,多态性比率为86.23%;分子标记聚类结果发现,遗传相似性系数在0.415~1.000之间;通过对比发现表型聚类和分子聚类结果不一致,其中表型聚类发现类群划分与地理来源之间没有关联,但与株型性状有一定的关联;在遗传相似系数为0.62时,SSR分子标记聚类为两类材料,第一类材料地理分布无规律,第二类材料大多分布在桂南。本研究结果表明,广西地方食用木薯资源遗传多样性具有一定的丰富度,可为创制优异食用木薯种质资源和新品种选育奠定基础。 相似文献
10.
甘薯种质资源的SRAP鉴定及遗传多样性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了拓宽甘薯育成品种的遗传背景,筛选优良亲本,提高育种效率,本研究利用SRAP标记对48份主要甘薯种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析.结果表明,随机选用的37对SRAP引物中29对引物具有多态性,引物多态性比率为78.4％,共获得126条多态性谱带,平均每对引物产生4.3条多态性谱带,表现出较高的多态性.48份种质材料的SRAP遗传距离为0.037～0.601,当遗传距离L1=0.46时,48份材料被聚为6个类群,包括1个复合大类群和5个独立类群,其中第Ⅰ复合大类群又包括7个亚类群,聚类结果与系谱吻合性较好.采用5个重要农艺性状对供试材料进行了聚类分析,L1 =3.20时,48份材料也可被聚为6个类群,聚类结果与依据SRAP标记聚类分析的结果差异较大.甘薯种质资源间的遗传差异与地理来源无必然联系. 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
18.
Dhritiman Ghosh Velusamy Srinivasan Olli H. Tuovinen Aaron Peacock Mark Radosevich 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2009,41(6):1331-1334
We examined the community composition of microbes that colonized atrazine-containing beads buried in agricultural soils that differed in atrazine treatment history. Bacterial abundance was 5-40-fold greater in atrazine-fortified beads. In beads containing 20 mg atrazine kg−1 buried in soil with a history of atrazine application (conditioned soil), the abundance of Actinobacteria increased approximately 80-fold whereas in control soil, Actinobacteria were enriched only 10-fold and the gamma-Proteobacteria and Planctomycetes increased by 60- and 25-fold, respectively. The gamma-Proteobacteria were enriched by 120- and 230-fold in beads containing 200 mg atrazine kg−1 in conditioned and control soil, respectively. The results demonstrate that BioSep® beads are a suitable matrix for recruiting a diverse subset of the bacterial community involved in atrazine degradation. 相似文献
19.
Pilar García Juan-Vicente Monte Carlos Casanova Consuelo Soler 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2002,49(1):103-109
Arbitrary oligonucleotides were used as primers to amplifygenomic DNA of 48 wild Spanish populations of Agropyroncristatum, Elymus hispanicus,E. caninus,E. repens,Thinopyrum curvifolium, Th.junceum and Th.intermedium. Genetic diversity was analysedusing nineteen primers. The number of amplified products ranged from8 to 18 per primer and a total of 240 markers were scored. Differentlevels of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, the allogamousspecies E. repens andTh. intermedium being themost variable. Jaccard's similarity coefficients for internalmeasure within and between populations were used to produce a clusterdiagram. The results demonstrate differences in the degree ofsimilarity between taxonomic units. Interpopulational variability andinterspecific genomic relationships of these species arediscussed. 相似文献
20.
The effects of three commonly used fungicides on the colonization and sporulation by a mixture of three arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi consisting of Glomus etunicatum (Becker & Gerd.), Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe, and Gigaspora rosea (Nicol. & Schenck) in symbiosis with pea plants and the resulting response of the host-plant were examined. Benomyl, PCNB, and captan were applied as soil drenches at a rate of 20 mg active ingredient kg-1 soil 2 weeks after transplanting pea seedlings in a silty clay-loam soil containing the mixed inocula of AM fungi (AM plants). Effects of fungicides were compared to untreated plants that were inoculated with fungi (AM control). The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth was also examined by including nonmycorrhizal, non-fungicide-treated plants (non-AM control). Fungicides or inoculation with AM fungi had only a small effect on the final shoot weights of pea plants, but had greater effects on root length and seed yield. AM control plants had higher seed yields and lower root lengths than the corresponding non-AM plants, and the fungicide-treated AM plants had intermediate yields and root lengths. Seed N and P contents were likewise highest in AM control plants, lowest in non-AM plants, and intermediate in fungicide-treated AM plants. All three fungicides depressed the proportion (%) of root length colonized by AM fungi, but these differences did not translate to reductions in the total root length that was colonized, since roots were longer in the fungicide-treated AM plants. Pea plants apparently compensated for the reduction in AM-fungal metabolism due to fungicides by increasing root growth. Fungicides affected the population of the three fungi as determined by sporulation at the final harvest. Captan significantly reduced the number, relative abundance, and relative volume of G. rosea spores in the final population relative to the controls. The relative volume of G. etunicatum spores was greater in all the fungicide-treated soils, while G. mosseae relative volumes were only greater in the captan-treated soil. These findings show that fungicides can alter the species composition of an AM-fungal community. The results also show that AM fungi can increase seed yield without enhancing the vegetative shoot growth of host plants. 相似文献