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1.
建立了帕那珠利原料药含量测定的HPLC法.以0.2％乙酸水溶液-乙腈(43∶57)为流动相,采用Diamonsil C18反相色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),柱温35℃,流速1 mL/min,紫外检测波长255 nm.在此实验条件下,帕那珠利在10 ～ 100 μg/mL浓度范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.9999,n=5);精密度良好,RSD为0.25％(n=5);平均回收率为98.6％,RSD为1.2％.(n=9);重现性良好,RSD为0.69％(n=5);样品在24h内稳定,RSD为0.74％.本方法准确、简便、快速,可以用于帕那珠利的含量测定. 相似文献
2.
HPLC法测定猪血浆中帕托珠利的方法学建立 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
建立了HPLC法测定猪血浆中帕托珠利含量的方法。色谱柱为安捷伦ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相0.2%乙酸水溶液-乙腈(47∶53),柱温35℃,流速为1 m L/min,检测波长为250 nm。在本方法条件下,帕托珠利在0.1～10μg/m L浓度范围内线性关系良好(r0.999),检测限(LOD)为0.04μg/m L,定量限(LOQ)为0.1μg/m L,批内和批间回收率均大于90%,批内和批间精密度RSD均小于9%。本方法简单、准确、快速,可用于测定猪血浆中帕托珠利的含量。 相似文献
3.
帕托珠利和妥曲珠利在肉鸡体内残留消除的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>妥曲珠利(toltrazuril)是禽类和猪常用的抗球虫药物。帕托珠利(panazuril,描述体内代谢物时称为妥曲珠利砜)是妥曲珠利在机体内主要代谢产物之一,也是妥曲珠利的药效形式。与妥曲珠利相比,帕托珠利易于通过血脑屏障[1]。2001年,美国FDA批准帕托珠利(商品名Marquis)的口服糊剂上市,用于治疗马原生动物性脑脊髓炎(EPM)。目前,帕托珠利尚未被批准用于禽类球虫病的防治,也未见帕托 相似文献
4.
《畜牧与兽医》2015,(6):125-127
16只体重较一致的健康断奶仔猪随机分成2组,采用单剂量平行随机对照试验设计,分别单剂量(20 mg/kg体重,以妥曲珠利计)经口内服国产(受试品)和进口(对照品)妥曲珠利混悬液。结果表明,与妥曲珠利混悬液对照品相比较,妥曲珠利触变混悬液受试品单剂量内服给药吸收和消除较慢,但药物吸收完全。给药后按预定时间采集血样,血浆中妥曲珠利含量采用HPLC紫外检测器进行分析。实测血药浓度-时间数据采用Winnonlin5.2药动学分析软件计算药代动力学参数。结果显示,妥曲珠利混悬液对照品单剂量内服后,其平均消除半衰期(T1/2β)约为40.806 h,达峰时间(Tmax)和峰值浓度(Cmax)分别为16.500 h和27.494 mg/L,平均药时曲线下面积(AUC)为1 375.738(μg/m L/h),平均滞留时间(MRT)为50.677 h;妥曲珠利触变混悬液受试品单剂量内服后,其T1/2β约为51.642 h,Tmax和Cmax分别为37.500 h和21.452mg/L,AUC为1 843.842μg/m L/h,MRT为64.058 h,相对生物利用度为134.02%。与妥曲珠利混悬液对照品相比,妥曲珠利触变混悬液受试品口服吸收AUC(P=0.020)、Tmax(P=0.001)、MRT(P=0.019)有显著性差异;但两种混悬剂的其他药动学参数,如T1/2β(P=0.224)、Cmax(P=0.146)无显著差异。 相似文献
5.
6.
为建立一种测定鸡血浆中帕托珠利和托曲珠利含量的高效液相色谱法，试验采用C18色谱柱，分别以0.2%乙酸水-乙腈(47∶53)和0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(pH 3.0)-乙腈(40∶60)为流动相，柱温分别为35℃和30℃，流速为1 mL/min，紫外检测器检测，检测波长分别为250 nm、240 nm，外标法定量建立检测方法。结果显示，帕托珠利和托曲珠利的浓度与色谱峰面积在0.10～20.00μg/mL浓度范围内线性关系良好(R2>0.999)，帕托珠利平均加样回收率为89.65%～96.12%，托曲珠利平均加样回收率90.84%～94.27%，批内和批间变异系数均小于5%。结果表明，建立的高效液相色谱法简便、有效、重现性良好，可用于鸡血浆中帕托珠利和托曲珠利含量的测定。 相似文献
7.
为研究帕托珠利混悬液在仔猪体内的药动学特征及生物利用度,采用平行实验设计方法,将16头 40 日龄健康仔猪随机分成两组,每组8头（公母各半）,分别进行单剂量静脉注射（6mg/kg bw）和单剂量口服给药（15mg/kg bw）,所有猪给药前禁食12h,给药2h后恢复正常饮食。给药后按预定的采血点采集血样,血浆中帕托珠利的含量采用经验证的 HPLC检测方法进行测定。实测血药浓度数据采用Graphad prism 8.0拟合药时曲线图,并用 Winnonlin5.2计算药动学参数。结果显示,单剂量静脉注射帕托珠利注射液后帕托珠利在仔猪体内主要药动学参数如下：平均消除半衰期（T1/2?）为136.98h,平均滞留时间（MRT）为165.92h,平均药时曲线下面积（AUC0-t）为1570.97 h?μg/mL,平均表观分布容积（Vz）为695.59 mL/kg,平均血浆清除率（CL）为3.77 mL/h?kg;单剂量口服帕托珠利混悬液后帕托珠利在仔猪体内主要药动学参数如下：平均消除半衰期（T1/2?）为134.05h,平均达峰时间（Tmax）为42.00h,平均峰浓度（Cmax）为14.03μg/mL,平均滞留时间（MRT）为173.19h,平均药时曲线下面积（AUC0-t）为2831.00 h?μg/mL,帕托珠利混悬液口服给药绝对生物利用度为72.08%。结果表明,帕托珠利在猪体内分布较差,消除缓慢;仔猪口服帕托珠利混悬液达峰时间较长,但吸收良好。 相似文献
8.
湖北进出口商品检验局刘德馨工程师从蜂王浆滤渣中制备得反式10—羟基—2—癸烯酸纯品,经核磁、质谱、红外等定性分析,确证了所得纯品的化学结构式,用气相色谱,高效液相色谱定量测定,含量达99％以上。已通过鉴定并上报国家商检局、国家科委和国家标准局。此项成果的取得,解 相似文献
9.
《畜牧与兽医》2021,(7)
为研究帕托珠利混悬液对靶动物仔猪的安全性,本试验选取32只3～5日龄哺乳仔猪,分为4个剂量组,每组8头,公母各半。其中各剂量组按体重给药剂量分别为1倍(15 mg/kg)、3倍(45 mg/kg)和5倍(75 mg/kg)最大推荐剂量,经口灌服5%帕托珠利混悬液,连用3次,每次间隔3 d;另一组为空白对照组,给予相当于5倍最大推荐剂量体积的生理盐水,试验周期为17 d。试验期间除进行一般临床健康状况观察外,还进行体重增重、体温、血常规和血液生化指标检测,以及大体剖检和组织病理学检查。结果显示,试验期间试验组和对照组临床表现正常,帕托珠利混悬液各剂量组对仔猪的精神状态、生长性能、血常规、血液生化指标均无明显影响,均处正常范围内。对5倍推荐剂量组及对照组的仔猪进行剖检,主要脏器和显微结构未见明显异变,未出现中毒及死亡。研究表明,推荐剂量下帕托珠利混悬液口服给药对靶动物仔猪有较大安全性。 相似文献
10.
采用反溶剂法制备妥曲珠利微晶体,利用显微镜观察妥曲珠利微晶体与妥曲珠利原药显微特征差异,并在25℃条件下测定两者体外溶出速率差异。将12只家兔随机分为2组,每组6只,分别按药物剂量10mg/kg灌胃,单剂量给药,采用HPLC检测血药浓度;用DAS2.0药代动力学程序计算药代动力学参数。结果显示,成功制备了妥曲珠利微晶体,微晶体与原药的显微特征差异明显,体外溶出速率明显加快;家兔单剂量灌胃妥曲珠利和微晶体后,主要药动学参数Cmax分别为（8.925±0.360）mg/L和（12.510±0.525）mg/L,tmax均为24h,AUC（0-∞）分别为（411.605±20.918）mg/（L·h）和（578.650±11.664）mg/（L·h）,相对生物利用度为140.6%,药时数据符合一级吸收二室模型。结果表明,HPLC法适用于妥曲珠利血浆浓度的测定;妥曲珠利微晶体与妥曲珠利原药相比,体内吸收速率和吸收程度有较大的提高。 相似文献
11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
14.
Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
15.
H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
16.
Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
17.
Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
18.
B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献