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在饲料中添加适量的动植物油，不仅可以提高饲料的能量水平，而且改善了颗粒饲料的外观质量。饲料中添加油脂的环节可置于成粒前和成粒后，成粒前的添加量一般不超过生产量的3％，否则将导致制粒后颗粒松散等问题，而且不适用于膨化饲料的生产工艺，但该设备要求较低。 相似文献
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饲料厂油脂添加工艺概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,我国饲料加工厂中应用油脂添加工艺逐渐增多,已取得较好的效果。本文试对油脂添加工艺进行分析。饲料中添加油脂工艺可分为压粒前和压粒后两种方法。压粒前添加油脂可在混合机、调质器、熟化器等处进行;压粒后添加油脂可在饲料成型后对颗粒表面喷涂油脂。一、压粒前添加油脂 1.混合机内油脂添加无论成品料是粉状还是粒状,在混合机内添加油脂的工艺没有什么区别,只是添加量不同。前者油脂的添加量可达6％～7％,后者一般不超过3％。 相似文献
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饲料生产中加油是生产高浓度能量饲料的要求，饲料中添加脂肪还可使氨基酸减少氧化，提高氨基酸的消化率；能抑制葡萄糖和其他前体物质转化为脂肪；油脂能促进脂溶性维生素A，D，E，K和某些激素的吸收和利用；在高温条件下，还有利于提高能量摄入量，降低畜禽的体热增耗，减缓热应激；添加脂肪可有效地提高饲料的适口性，还可以降低配料过程中的粉尘，减少设备的的磨损。畜禽饲料用油一般为猪油、牛油、大豆油脚等。饲料中添加油脂的位置可在成粒前和成粒后。成粒前的添加量一般不超过生产量的3％，否则将导致制粒后颗粒松散等问题, 相似文献
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真空喷涂技术在饲料的加工过程中主要是用于饲料组成成分(如油脂或糖蜜)的添加,特别是对于膨化颗粒饲料的液体组成成分添加。当下对于此类工艺的研究报道较多,但是真正对于颗粒饲料表面热敏性添加剂真空喷涂技术的研究不多,特别是将维生素和酶制剂二者相结合做成乳化剂后再喷涂到硬颗粒饲料上的研究未见报道。文章对硬颗粒饲料真空喷涂工艺进行了研究,旨在为饲料行业提供经验参考。 相似文献
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配合饲料添加油脂既可提供必需的脂肪酸，又可提供热能。油脂所含的热能是碳水化合物和蛋白质的2倍多，因此油脂是高能饲料的主要原料。在90年代以来，我国饲料工业进入一个全价粉料和颗粒料的阶段。大多数饲料厂家除将微量元素、维生素、限制性氨基酸等添加到饲料中外，对添加油脂也已相当普遍。1 添加油脂的种类 主要有3种，一是将油脂直接加入混合机里进行混合；二是将油脂直接喷入调质器内进行混合；此2种方式油脂添加量一般＜3％，过多则因其分散性差，不易混合均匀，而且会导致颗粒成品松散易碎，对油脂在高温高压制粒膨化过程中有无… 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献