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沿河山羊冬季放牧习性和舍饲行为规律观测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对沿河山羊放牧习性观察发现,在全天10h的放牧活动中,游走88.74min±5.51min,采食327.33min±25.16min,站立69.40min±4.73min,躺卧41.52min±4.07min,反刍37.62min±2.93min,彷徨30.53min±3.58min,排泄2.05min±0.27min,饮水2.81min±1.07min,分别占放牧活动时间的14.79%、54.56%、11.57%、6.92%、6.27%、5.09%、0.34%和0.47%。对沿河山羊舍饲行为观测,结果表明在昼夜24小时内,采食387.21min±27.09min,反刍456.91min±25.77min,站立138.75min±16.41min,卧息(含睡眠)368.76min±19.35min,走动80.74min±15.21min,排泄3.73min±0.35min,饮水3.90min±0.57min,分别占昼夜活动时间的26.89%、31.73%、9.64%、25.61%、5.61%、0.92%和0.27%,采食、站立、走动时间白昼极显著多于夜间(P<0.01),而反刍、卧息时间则夜间极显著多于白昼(P<0.01),R∶G值为1.18。在放牧条件,用计数法估测得山羊每只日均采食青草量2.60kg±0.35kg,折合风干物0.65kg±0.06kg,分别占山羊体重的8.24%和2.06%;在满足饲草供应的情况下,舍饲山羊每只日均有效采食鲜草量为4.46kg±0.52kg,折合风干物质1.12kg±0.13kg,分别占山羊体重的14.14%和3.55%。 相似文献
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通过对藏东南河谷型绵羊放牧行为的观察发现,全天放牧时间450min,其中游走68min,占15.22%;采食328min,占75.1%,休息36min,占8.35%.对藏东南河谷绵羊舍饲行为观察结果表明,昼夜24h中,采食293.8min,占20.4%;反刍398.0min,占27.6%;站立290.9min,占20.2%,卧息453.6min,占31.5%,饮水4.3min,占0.3%.在放牧条件下,用计数法估测得绵羊的采食量为2.79kg,在舍饲条件下,日采食量为5.4kg,折算成风干物质分别为0.47和0.92kg,风干物质分别占活重的1.74%和3.41%. 相似文献
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雷州山羊春季牧食行为的观测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对雷州山羊春季牧食行为进行24 h的连续观测表明,雷州山羊昼夜采食时间为415.37±26.81 min,放牧平均采食速度35.34±3.52 口/min,游走时间15.65±7.32 min;每日饮水3次,每次饮水量0.83±0.31 kg;昼夜反刍时间375.7±21.73 min,反刍与采食时间之比为0.911,昼夜反刍周期数9.01±0.38,反刍周期持续时间42.19±6.74 min,每个食团咀嚼时间50.29±8.42s,反刍咀嚼速度1.35±0.15次/s,夜间反刍时间占昼夜总反刍时间的75.66%;昼夜排粪排尿次数分别为8.67±1.37和6.88±1.04,且白昼显著多于夜间(P＜0.05). 相似文献
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试验旨在揭示发酵垫料和土地面对产房中绵羊母羊及羔羊的行为差异,为在绵羊产房中推广发酵垫料床提供理论依据。将产后1 d内10只分娩双羔母羊随机圈养在土地面产房（5只母羊及其10只羔羊）和发酵床垫料产房（5只母羊及其10只羔羊）,利用监控设备记录母羊及羔羊昼夜（24 h）行为影像,试验期3 d。随后对2组母羊的采食、反刍、躺卧、哺乳、站立及羔羊的吃奶、躺卧、活动行为次数及时长进行统计分析。结果表明：垫料组较土地面组母羊的反刍次数（23.80次vs9.71次）、反刍时长（3.86 h vs 2.00 h）和反刍时长占总时长比（26.56%vs 11.58%）显著增加;站立次数（5.40次vs25.22次）、站立时长（0.76 h vs 3.61 h）和站立时长占总时长比（5.19%vs 20.93%）显著减少;哺乳次数（28.91次vs15.69次）显著增加,但哺乳时长（0.79 h vs 1.11 h）显著减少;采食次数（13.97次vs25.20次）显著减少,躺卧时长占总时长比（27.80%vs 31.50%）显著降低。垫料组较土地面组羔羊的活动次数（35.55次vs26.85次）显著增... 相似文献
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藏东南河谷型绵羊舍饲和放牧行为的观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对藏东南河谷型绵羊放牧行为的观察发现，全天放牧时间450min，其中游走68min，占15.22%；采食328min，占75.1%，休息36min，占8.35%。对藏东南河谷绵羊舍饲行为观察结果表明，昼夜24h中，采食293.8min，占20.4%；反刍398.0min，占27.6%；站立290.9min，占20.2%，卧息453.6min，占31.5%，饮水4.3min，占0.3%。在放牧条件下，用计数法人三测得绵羊的采食量为2.79kg，在舍饲条件下，日采食量为5.4kg，折算成风干物质分别为0.47和0.92kg，风干物质分别占活重的1.74%和3.41%。 相似文献
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对舍饲状态下的德国美利奴羊反复进行昼夜24 h连续观测。结果表明:德国美利奴羊昼夜采食时间为424.88±44.86(min),反刍时间为626.12±7.87(min),睡眠时间为188.50±43.28(min)。采食、反刍多集中于白天,采食、反刍、睡眠三者时间之比为2.25∶3.32∶1。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献