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1.
复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和养分消化率的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  
试验选用体重和断奶日龄相近的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪(平均体重为9.08kg)60头以研究复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。试验猪按完全随机区组设计分为4个处理,每处理设3个重复,每个重复5头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮(玉米/豆粕型),试验一、二、三组在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.15%的复合酶制剂。结果表明:日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%和0.15%的复合酶制剂,断奶仔猪的平均日增重分别提高8.82%(P0.05)、15.06%(P0.05)和11.53%(P0.05);料重比分别降低6.77%(P0.05)、10.53%(P0.05)和8.27%(P0.05);日粮中添加0.05%、0.10%和0.15%的复合酶制剂,仔猪饲料纤维和磷的消化率得到显著改善(P0.05),添加0.10%的复合酶制剂,仔猪饲料蛋白质消化率显著提高(P0.05)。因此,在断奶仔猪玉米-豆粕型日粮中,添加含酸性蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶、糖化酶、β-葡聚糖酶、β-甘露聚糖酶及木聚糖酶的复合酶制剂,可促进饲料养分的消化,显著提高仔猪的日增重,降低料重比,减少腹泻的发生。复合酶制剂的添加量以0.10%效果最佳。  相似文献   

2.
四种复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
研究旨在比较常规日粮中添加4种不同复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、饲料养分消化率和仔猪腹泻率的影响.试验选取28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪120头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头,分别饲喂基础日粮与在基础日粮中分别添加500 mg/kg复合酶A、B、C、D的试验日粮.试验为期30 d.结果表明,复合酶A和D均可显著提高断奶仔猪日增重(P＜0.05),降低料重比(P＜0.05),复合酶B和C与对照组和复合酶A组、D组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);复合酶A和D可极显著降低断奶仔猪腹泻频率(P＜0.01).复合酶A显著提高了断奶仔猪对粗蛋白、总能和消化能的表观消化率(P＜0.05),对谷氨酸、丙氨酸等氨基酸的消化率也有显著提高(P＜0.05).各复合酶均能提高断奶仔猪生产性能和养分消化率,以复合酶A为最佳.  相似文献   

3.
试验旨在研究日粮添加啤酒花β酸替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率及肠道形态的影响。选择健康、体重一致的(25±1)d断奶仔猪600头,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20头猪。试验日粮采用玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,抗生素组在基础日粮中添加75 mg/kg金霉素,啤酒花β酸组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%和0.4%啤酒花β酸,试验共进行35 d。结果显示:日粮添加啤酒花β酸对断奶仔猪体重、日增重和料比的影响表现为显著的线性关系(P0.05)。与基础日粮组相比,抗生素组显著提高了断奶仔猪体重、日增重(P0.05),显著降低了料重比(P0.05),但与啤酒花β酸组无显著差异(P0.05)。日粮添加0.1%、0.2%或0.4%啤酒花β酸对断奶仔猪粗脂肪的表观消化率表现为显著的线性效应(P0.05),其中添加0.4%啤酒花β酸较其他各组显著提高了1~21 d、22~35 d和1~35 d断奶仔猪粗脂肪表观消化率(P0.05)。日粮添加啤酒花β酸较基础日粮组显著提高了十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05),较抗生素组显著提高了空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。结果提示:在本试验条件下,日粮添加0.4%啤酒花β酸提高了断奶仔猪的生长速度和饲料利用率,其对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响效果与抗生素一致。  相似文献   

4.
试验旨在通过指示剂法研究非淀粉多糖型复合酶制剂对早期生长猪玉米-豆粕型日粮常规养分表观消化率的影响。试验选择9头体质量30 kg左右的生长猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组日粮在基础日粮的基础上添加200 g/t复合酶,试验2组在基础日粮的基础上添加500 g/t复合酶。试验结果表明猪玉米-豆粕日粮添加非淀粉多糖酶制剂对饲料常规养分中的粗灰分、粗蛋白和总能的表观消化率无显著影响(P0.05),对粗脂肪的消化率有显著提高作用(P0.05),对粗纤维的消化率有极显著提高作用(P0.01)。  相似文献   

5.
文章旨在研究日粮添加α-半乳糖苷酶对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率、肠道形态和消化酶活力的影响。试验选择健康、体重一致的(28±1)d三杂断奶仔猪525头,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复35头猪。对照组饲喂以膨化玉米和膨化大豆为主的基础日粮,处理1和2组分别在基础日粮中添加80和160 FTU/kgα-半乳糖苷酶,试验共进行28 d。结果显示:日粮添加α-半乳糖苷酶较对照组显著提高了断奶仔猪期末体重和平均日增重(P0.05),显著降低了断奶仔猪腹泻率(P0.05)。与对照组相比,处理1组和处理2组显著提高了回肠干物质、总能和粗蛋白质的表观消化率(P0.05);日粮添加α-半乳糖苷酶显著提高了断奶仔猪回肠异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、丙氨酸和丝氨酸的消化率(P0.05)。处理1组和处理2组较对照组显著提高了十二指肠绒毛高度(P0.05)、十二指肠、空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度(P0.05)。处理1组和处理2组显著提高了十二指肠和空肠胰蛋白酶的活力(P0.05);日粮添加α-半乳糖苷酶显著降低了断奶仔猪盲肠丙酸含量P0.05)。结果提示:在本试验条件下,日粮中添加80或160 FTU/kgα-半乳糖苷酶可以显著提高营养物质的消化率、平均日增重和肠道消化酶活力,降低断奶仔猪腹泻率及改善肠道绒毛形态。  相似文献   

6.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加植物乳杆菌和苦荞黄酮及其复合物对断奶仔猪生长性能、营养物质消化率及血清指标的影响。选取(35±3)日龄、平均体重为(7.85±0.67)kg断奶仔猪50头,随机分为5个组,每组10个重复,每个重复1头仔猪。负对照组(NC组)饲喂基础饲粮,其他各组分别在基础饲粮中添加40 mg/kg硫酸黏杆菌素(正对照组,PC组)、1×109CFU/kg植物乳杆菌(LP组)、40 mg/kg苦荞黄酮(BF组)和1×109CFU/kg植物乳杆菌+40 mg/kg苦荞黄酮(LB组)。试验期28 d。结果表明:1)BF组1~28 d仔猪的平均日增重显著高于NC组和PC组(P0.05),分别提高了52.74%和34.14%。2)NC组仔猪的各营养物质消化率显著低于其他各组(P0.05);LB组仔猪的总能、干物质、有机物和磷的消化率显著高于其余各组(P0.05)。3)BF组仔猪的血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、葡萄糖、游离脂肪酸、免疫球蛋白G、免疫球蛋白A、免疫球蛋白M含量显著高于NC组(P0.05)。LP组仔猪的血清总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著高于NC组和PC组(P0.05),而血清丙二醛含量显著低于NC组和PC组(P0.05)。由此可见,苦荞黄酮提高了断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能,而植物乳杆菌改善了断奶仔猪机体抗氧化能力,二者联合应用还改善了饲粮营养物质消化率。  相似文献   

7.
本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同水平的复合酶对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标和养分消化率的影响。选取360头健康的35日龄杜×长×大三元仔猪,随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复30头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础饲粮中添加300、500、1 000 g/t的复合酶(溢多酶A-F888S,主要成分为木聚糖酶、蛋白酶、甘露聚糖酶、纤维素酶、α-淀粉酶、葡聚糖酶)。预试期7 d,正式试验期30 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验2组日增重(ADG)显著提高(P0.05),耗料增重比(F/G)显著降低(P0.05),其余各组间ADG和F/G没有显著差异(P0.05);试验1、2、3组腹泻率显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验2组血清中总蛋白(TP)、球蛋白(GLB)和三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05),尿素氮(UN)含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);试验2组的干物质、粗蛋白和能量表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),其余各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,饲粮中添加复合酶对仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、养分消化率均有不同程度的改善作用,其中500 g/t的添加效果最佳。  相似文献   

8.
为研究在断奶仔猪日粮中添加不同酶制剂对断奶仔猪营养物质消化率及消化能的影响,本试验选用27头(35±2)日龄、平均体重(18±0.69)kg的健康(杜×长×大)三元杂交断奶仔猪,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,随机分为3个处理组,(公猪4头,母猪5头,分头编号),分别饲喂三种日粮,日粮A为基础日粮,日粮B为基础日粮+0.05%复合酶(木聚糖酶、β-葡聚糖酶等),日粮C为基础日粮+0.02%单酶(β-葡聚糖酶),分3期饲养。试验结果表明:在断奶仔猪日粮中添加一定量的复合酶和单酶,日粮能量消化率分别提高3.12%和1.80%(P0.01),粗蛋白质消化率分别提高6.29%和2.56%(P0.01),有机干物质的消化率分别提高2.66%和1.44%(P0.01),消化能分别提高3.12%和1.81%(P0.01),其中复合酶效果略优于单酶,但差异不显著(P0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
选用672羽1日龄科宝肉仔鸡,随机分为7组,分别饲喂正对照组(PC)、负对照组1(NC1)、负对照组2(NC2)和在负对照组基础上分别添加酶A和酶B组成的试验组日粮,旨在研究添加复合非淀粉多糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能和养分消化利用的影响。结果表明:试验前期,PC组增重显著高于NC2组(P0.05),而料重比显著低于NC2组(P0.05);NC1和NC2组氮利用率均显著低于其他各组(P0.05),且NC1组表观代谢能显著低于PC组(P0.05)。试验后期,与PC组相比,NC2组增重降低6.1%(P0.05),而料重比提高5.6%(P0.05)。NC2+酶A组的中性洗涤纤维利用率显著高于NC2组(P0.05),NC2组的表观代谢能显著低于PC组和NC2+酶B组(P0.05);NC2组42日龄末回肠消化率显著低于PC组(P0.05)。添加酶A和酶B均可改善肉仔鸡生产性能,但未达到显著水平(P0.05)。结果显示,本试验条件下,在低能低蛋白玉米-豆粕-杂粕型日粮中添加非淀粉多糖酶,提高了肉仔鸡的生产性能和养分利用率,且酶A的效果较好。  相似文献   

10.
本文旨在研究低能量水平的玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加不同非淀粉多糖(NSP)复合酶对肉鸡生长性能、消化道生理、屠宰性能、肠道微生物数量及经济效益的影响,以确定适宜的NSP复合酶。试验采用单因子完全随机设计,选取900只1日龄的科宝肉公鸡,按体重无差异原则随机分为5个组,正对照组(PC组)饲喂正常能量水平的基础饲粮;负对照组(NC组)饲喂在PC组饲粮的基础上降低270 kJ/kg能量水平的饲粮;NSP复合酶组饲喂在NC组饲粮中分别添加NSP复合酶1(300 g/t)、NSP复合酶2(300 g/t)、NSP复合酶3(500 g/t)的饲粮,每个组10个重复,每个重复18只鸡。试验分为前期(1~21 d)、后期(22~42 d)2阶段进行。结果表明:1)与PC组相比,NC组第21天平均体重与1~21 d平均体增重均显著降低(P<0.05),与NC组相比,NSP复合酶组第21天的平均体重与1~21 d的平均体增重均显著提高(P<0.05);与PC组相比,NC组1~21 d和1~42 d的料重比均显著提高(P<0.05),与NC组相比,NSP复合酶组1~21 d和1~42 d料重比均显著降低(P<0.05)。2)各组间第21和42天的腺胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠相对重量差异均不显著(P>0.05);与PC组相比,NC组第21天的肌胃相对重量显著提高(P<0.05),第42天的肌胃相对重量有提高的趋势(P>0.05),添加NSP复合酶后肌胃相对重量均有降低。与PC组相比,NC组第21天的空肠、回肠、盲肠相对长度都有所提高,但只有盲肠相对长度差异达显著水平(P<0.05);各组间第42天各肠段相对长度均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与PC组相比,NC组第21天的空肠、回肠绒毛高度均有增加,其中回肠绒毛高度差异达显著水平(P<0.05);与PC组相比,NC组的十二指肠、空肠和回肠的肌层厚度均有增加,NSP复合酶3组的十二指肠肌层厚度显著提高(P<0.05)。各组间第42天各段肠道形态指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。4)与PC组相比,NC组的屠宰性能指标差异均不显著(P>0.05);与NC组相比,NSP复合酶1组和NSP复合酶2组的胸肌率显著增加(P<0.05)。5)各组间大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌数量差异均不显著(P>0.05);NSP复合酶2组第7天的乳酸杆菌数量显著低于PC组和NC组(P<0.05)。6)以PC组利润为100%,与之相比NSP复合酶1组提高的利润幅度最大。从结果中可以看出,在低能量水平玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加NSP复合酶可显著提高肉鸡前期生长性能,对后期生长性能无显著影响,对肉鸡肠道形态具有改善作用,但对屠宰性能和肠道微生物数量无显著影响,另外添加不同的NSP复合酶可不同程度地提高经济效益。综合考虑,本试验中NSP复合酶1的应用效果最优。  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

13.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

14.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

15.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

16.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
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17.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

18.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

19.
正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in  相似文献   

20.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

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