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1.
试验旨在研究复合益生菌对奶牛产奶性能及营养物质消化率的影响。选择18头泌乳中期澳洲荷斯坦奶牛,根据胎次、体质量、泌乳阶段及产奶量相近的原则,采用配对分组试验设计,分为3个处理组,每天每头牛分别饲喂0、50和100 m L的复合益生菌制剂,各组基础饲粮一致,每组6个重复,每重复1头牛。试验期60 d,分为试验前期和后期,各30 d。结果表明:不论试验前期或后期,各组牛的产奶量均未表现出显著的组间差异(P0.05)。试验30 d时,2个益生菌饲喂组乳糖率均显著高于对照组(P=0.036),乳中体细胞(SCC)含量均显著低于对照组(P=0.044),而其他指标未显示出显著的组间差异(P0.05)。60 d时,2个益生菌饲喂组乳糖率均显著高于对照组(P=0.011);高剂量益生菌组乳脂率极显著高于对照组(P=0.001),总固形物显著高于对照组(P=0.025);此外,与对照组相比,高剂量益生菌组粗蛋白(CP)(P=0.089)和粗脂肪(EE)(P=0.072)消化率均有增多的趋势。由此可见,饲粮中添加一定剂量的复合益生菌制剂对奶牛乳成分及营养物质表观消化率均有一定促进作用,但对产奶量无显著影响。  相似文献   

2.
为了探讨功能性寡糖配合复合益生菌在娟姗奶牛上的应用效果,试验将处于泌乳初期产奶量相近的健康娟姗奶牛32头随机分为两组,对照组饲喂正常的基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加了功能性寡糖(甘露寡糖和果寡糖)配合复合益生菌的日粮,进行为期60 d的饲喂试验,测定了奶牛的产奶量、奶品质和血清免疫指标,并分析了各养分消化率和牛舍中氨气的浓度。结果表明:饲喂功能性寡糖配合复合益生菌60 d后奶牛的平均日产奶量及乳脂率显著提高(P0.05),但乳蛋白含量和非脂乳固体含量没有显著变化(P0.05);饲喂功能性寡糖配合复合益生菌可显著提高娟姗奶牛血清中总免疫球蛋白(TIg)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量;此外,添加功能性寡糖配合复合益生菌后可提高粗蛋白及粗脂肪的消化率(P0.05),且显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)降低了牛舍中氨气的浓度。说明饲喂功能性寡糖配合复合益生菌可提高娟姗奶牛的产奶性能和免疫功能,并可改善牛舍的养殖环境。  相似文献   

3.
为研究日粮中添加不同含量的复合益生菌对荷斯坦奶牛生产性能、乳品质、血液生化指标及瘤胃发酵参数的影响,根据单因素随机设计,将健康、体重接近的60头荷斯坦奶牛随机分为4个处理组,每组15头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,复合益生菌组在基础日粮中依次添加10、20、40 g/d的益生菌,预试验7 d,试验正式期为60 d。结果表明：（1）20 g/d益生菌组的产奶量显著高于对照组（P <0.05）,提高了5.75%;20 g/d益生菌组的乳蛋白率和总固形物显著高于对照组（P <0.05）,分别提高了18.12%和8.84%。（2）20、40 g/d益生菌组的碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于对照组（P <0.05）,分别提高了22.93%和17.72%。（3）添加20、40 g/d益生菌组的NH3-N和MCP含量显著高于对照组（P <0.05）,分别提高了20.08%、18.21%和34.19%、37.24%。综上所述,在奶牛日粮中添加益生菌可以显著提高产奶量,改善乳品质和瘤胃发酵参数,且对血液生化指标未产生负面影响,本试验条件下,添加20 g/d剂量效果最好。  相似文献   

4.
文章旨在研究以丁酸梭菌和乳酸菌复合配制的益生菌制剂在白羽肉仔鸡上的应用效果。试验将80羽健康、体重相近的1日龄的白羽肉鸡随机分为4组，分别为对照组（基础日粮）、复合益生菌低剂量组（基础日粮+0.3%的复合益生菌）、复合益生菌中剂量组（基础日粮+0.6%的复合益生菌）和复合益生菌高剂量组（基础日粮+0.9%的复合益生菌），试验为期56 d。结果表明，与对照组相比，复合益生菌能显著提高白羽肉鸡的平均日增重（P<0.05）；复合益生菌中剂量组和高剂量组的平均日采食量显著提高（P<0.05）；复合益生菌低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组21 d的血糖含量显著降低（P<0.05）,56 d血清总蛋白含量显著升高（P<0.05）；复合益生菌中剂量组56 d的血糖含量显著降低（P<0.05）。结论，日粮中添加丁酸梭菌和乳酸菌复合配制的益生菌制剂可以显著提高白羽肉的平均日增重，改善肉鸡的生产性能，其中在基础日粮中添加0.6%的复合益生菌的效果最优。  相似文献   

5.
试验旨在研究不同处理全株青贮玉米对奶牛生产性能及血液指标的影响。选取体重、年龄、胎次、产奶量和泌乳期相近的中国荷斯坦泌乳奶牛45头,随机分为3组,每组15头牛,其中,对照组饲喂未添加菌剂覆盖普通膜的全株青贮玉米,试验Ⅰ组饲喂复合菌剂处理并覆盖普通膜的全株青贮玉米,试验Ⅱ组饲喂复合菌剂处理并覆盖黑白膜的全株青贮玉米。预饲期为2周,正试期为6周,其中两周为一个阶段。结果表明:试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组其粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),中性洗涤纤维含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组的奶牛在各阶段及整个试验期的采食量均显著性提高(P0.05);在29~42 d试验Ⅰ组的采食量与对照组相比显著提高(P0.05);在试验15~28、29~42 d及0~42 d试验Ⅱ组奶牛产奶量显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组奶牛乳蛋白率、乳脂率、谷丙转氨酶含量及谷草转氨酶含量显著高于对照组(P0.05);试验15~28 d,试验Ⅱ组奶牛产奶量显著高于试验Ⅰ组(P0.05);在整个试验阶段,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组经济效益分别提高了1 354.5元和2 690.1元。由此可知,用复合菌剂处理全株青贮玉米可以提高奶牛的生产性能及经济效益,且复合菌剂处理全株青贮玉米的基础上包裹黑白膜生产性能及经济效益更好。  相似文献   

6.
为了研究不同益生菌对断奶犊牛生长性能及瘤胃发酵参数的影响,试验采用单因素完全随机试验设计,选取24头自然分娩、体重相近、3～4月龄左右的断奶西门塔尔犊牛随机分为4组(工程菌组、屎肠球菌组、复合菌组以及对照组),每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛,对照组正常饲喂基础日粮,工程菌组饲喂基础日粮+WB800N-CC31工程菌,屎肠球菌组饲喂基础日粮+屎肠球菌,复合菌组饲喂基础日粮+WB800N-CC31工程菌和屎肠球菌的复合菌(复合菌中工程菌与屎肠球菌比例为1∶1),各试验组中每头牛益生菌的添加量为2×10~(10) cfu/d,试验期为60 d,测定生长性能和瘤胃发酵参数(第30,60天)。结果表明:在整个试验期(0～60 d),各益生菌组对断奶犊牛日增重、采食量、料重比均无显著影响(P0.05),但各益生菌组犊牛日增重均高于对照组,料重比均低于对照组。在试验期第30天时,各益生菌组瘤胃pH值、菌体蛋白和氨态氮浓度、挥发性脂肪酸含量与对照组没有显著性差异(P0.05);在试验期第60天时,屎肠球菌组氨态氮浓度显著大于对照组(P0.05),而其他指标没有显著性差异(P0.05);在试验全期,各益生菌组犊牛瘤胃pH值有降低的趋势,乙酸以及总挥发性脂肪酸有提高的趋势。说明饲喂益生菌可以提高犊牛的生长性能,改善瘤胃发酵环境,对犊牛的健康生长有益。  相似文献   

7.
《中国兽医学报》2017,(8):1571-1576
选用48头产奶量、泌乳天数和胎次相近的泌乳中后期奶牛进行配对设计,分为4组,即对照组(复合益生菌0g/d)、试验1组(复合益生菌10g/d)、试验2组(复合益生菌20g/d)和试验3组(复合益生菌30g/d),试验期60d,其中预饲期7d。结果表明:与对照组相比,复合益生菌能够提高泌乳中后期奶牛的产奶量,同时能够显著提高乳蛋白率、乳糖率和总固形物(P<0.05);对血液生化指标无显著影响(P>0.05);复合益生菌能显著提高瘤胃中NH_3-N和微生物蛋白(MCP)含量(P<0.05);与对照组相比,试验2组的粗蛋白(CP)和粗脂肪(EE)表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05);试验1,2,3组比对照组每头奶牛每天分别获益2.28,4.80和4.09元。以产奶性能、瘤胃发酵参数、营养物质表观消化率和经济效益为主要衡量指标,以每头奶牛日喂20g效果最佳。  相似文献   

8.
为研究乳酸菌对奶牛泌乳量、乳成分、免疫和抗氧化功能的影响,选择30头泌乳中期的健康荷斯坦牛,根据胎次、体重、泌乳天数及产奶量等相近的原则分为对照组、乳酸菌1组和乳酸菌2组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,乳酸菌1组和乳酸菌2组除饲喂基础日粮外,分别饲喂乳酸菌制剂15g/(头·d)和30g/(头·d),整个试验期为56d。结果表明,添加乳酸菌能够显著提高奶牛的产奶量(P0.05),降低乳中体细胞数(P0.05),但对乳蛋白率、乳脂率和乳糖率均无显著影响。与对照组相比,乳酸菌2组奶牛血清中免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)和可溶性CD4(s CD4)的含量,以及超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性均显著升高(P0.05),而丙二醛的含量显著降低(P0.05)。综上所述,每头牛每天饲喂30g乳酸菌制剂可以提高奶牛的泌乳性能,对机体的免疫和抗氧化功能具有一定的促进作用。  相似文献   

9.
为了研究富硒益生菌对肉鸡生产性能和血液抗氧化功能的影响,试验将100羽1日龄雄性AA肉仔鸡随机均分成对照组和试验组,对照组饲喂基础肉鸡日粮,试验组饲喂添加富硒乳酸菌的日粮(其剂量以硒计,硒浓度为0.3 mg/kg),试验期为30 d,在试验过程中记录肉鸡的生产性能,于试验的第10,20,30天采血并测定血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性。结果表明:富硒乳酸菌组肉鸡末重和日增重均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而料肉比显著低于对照组(P0.05);富硒乳酸菌组肉鸡血清T-SOD和GSH-Px活性均极显著或显著高于对照组(P0.01或P0.05),而血清MDA含量极显著低于对照组(P0.01)。说明富硒乳酸菌能够明显促进肉鸡生长,提高料肉比,并可增强肉鸡抗氧化功能。  相似文献   

10.
[目的]研究复合乳酸菌制剂对犊牛生长、肠道菌群、抗氧化及免疫性能的影响。[方法]选取体重相近的30日龄健康荷斯坦犊牛20头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组10头。对照组与试验组饲喂相同的基础日粮,试验组饮水中添加复合乳酸菌制剂（饮水与复合乳酸菌制剂调配比例为50∶1）,对照组不添加,试验期为90 d。计算2组犊牛试验期间平均日增重、腹泻率;分别于试验1、30、60、90 d测定粪便中细菌总数以及乳酸菌和大肠杆菌数量,并测定血液生化、抗氧化与免疫指标。[结果]试验组犊牛的平均日增重与对照组相比无显著（P>0.05）差异,腹泻率低于对照组。试验组犊牛粪样中的乳酸菌数量达到1.41×107 CFU/g,显著（P<0.05）高于对照组,而大肠杆菌数量显著（P<0.05）低于对照组。在试验30、90 d时,试验组犊牛血清中的葡萄糖（GLU）含量显著（P<0.05）高于对照组;在试验60、90 d时,试验组犊牛血清中的总蛋白（TP）含量显著（P<0.05）低于对照组。2组犊牛的抗氧化指标均无显著（P>0.05）差异。在试验90 d时,试验组犊牛的血清IgG、IgA含量高于对照组。[结论]饮水中添加复合乳酸菌制剂可以改善荷斯坦犊牛肠道菌群结构并降低腹泻率。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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