共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
奶牛的瘤胃内栖居着大量微生物,其中70%瘤胃细菌能利用非蛋白氮（NPN）分解产生的氨作为唯一的氮源,合成菌体蛋白供宿主利用。尿素含氮量非常高,而且价格便宜、使用方便,但尿素的分解速度是微生物对其利用速度的4倍。如何降低尿素的分解速度是避免奶牛氨中毒和提高尿素氮利用率的关键。目前一种行之有效的办法就是在日粮中添加脲酶抑制剂,目的是抑制瘤胃微生物脲酶活性、减缓尿素分解速度,使碳水化合物发酵和菌体蛋白合成趋于同步,从而提高氮素利用率。 相似文献
2.
非蛋白氮饲料的开发利用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
反刍动物瘤胃微生物可利用非蛋白氮合成菌体蛋白。瘤胃中尿素分解速度较快，利用率较低。用糊化淀粉包被后，尿素分解速度明显减慢。尿素衍生物（如磷酸脲）分解释放氨的速度较低。反刍动物日粮中添加脲酶抑制剂（如异丁酸、异戊酸、丝兰提取物）可大大降低非蛋白氮分解速度。非蛋白氮可用于处理秸秆、生产营养舔砖。日粮蛋白质碳水化合物、脂肪、矿物质水平均对非蛋白氮使用效果有影响。 相似文献
3.
瘤胃微生物对蛋白质的发酵,能将品质差的饲料蛋白质或非蛋白氮(NPN)转化为生物学价值高的菌体蛋白(其氨基酸组成近似卵蛋白),供反刍动物利用,但也有不利的一面,即饲料蛋白质通过瘤胃时被微生物分解形成大量的氨,造成蛋白质饲料的浪费。另外,瘤胃微生物分解尿素等非蛋白氮产生氨的速度大于其利用氨合成菌体蛋白的速度,不仅会造成NPN的浪费,而且还易导致氨中毒。将饲料蛋白质保护技术与NPN缓释技术有机结合在一起,可调控瘤胃微生物的活动,增加过瘤胃蛋白,同时可使瘤胃微生物分解尿素产生氨的速度与能量的释放相匹配,提高反刍动物对NPN的… 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
几种尿素缓释技术简介 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
尿素因其具有成本低、来源广、饲喂方法简便等优点,所以是世界范围内应用最广的非蛋白氮饲料产品之一。反刍动物利用尿素过程中,尿素利用率低的原因是,在瘤胃脲酶的作用下,尿素迅速降解,瘤胃微生物来不及利用。为了提高尿素利用率,避免氨释放过快造成尿素损失及氨中毒,就应设法延缓尿素的水解反应,即所谓的尿素降解缓释技术。下面是几种主要的尿素缓释技术方法。1包衣技术利用疏水性物质对尿素进行包衣处理。经过特殊工艺,用动物脂肪、硬脂酸、羟甲基纤维素、聚乙烯、蛋白质、干酪素、丹宁以及蜡类物质等,将尿素包被起来,制成颗粒状包被尿素… 相似文献
9.
尿素是动物体内蛋白质分解的最终产物，工业合成的尿素含氮量为47％，不仅是一种高效化肥，而且因其1kg尿素相当于2．8kg蛋白质的营养价值，也相当于7kg豆饼、5～8kg油渣和26～28kg谷物饲料的蛋白质。所以经常作为蛋白质饲料。奶牛的瘤胃细菌能产生尿酶，尿素在瘤胃内尿酶的作用下分解为二氧化碳和氨，瘤胃微生物再利用分解出的氨形成微生物蛋白，最终被奶牛消化利用。然而，由于饲喂方法不当，常常引起奶牛中毒。 相似文献
10.
脲酶抑制剂氢醌对绵羊营养物质消化率和氮代谢的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以饼类饲料饲喂反刍动物时，饲料的真蛋白质平均只有３０％通过瘤胃，而其余７０％则在瘤胃内被微生物降解，所产生的氨只有８０％被转化成微生物蛋白质，其余的２０％则在肝脏内合成内源尿素，参加尿素再循环的代谢途径。Satter等（１９７５）认为，饲料蛋白质在瘤胃内大量降解时增加了内源尿素周转环节，造成浪费。当日粮内含有尿素时，由于尿素分解太快，氨的释放速度超过了微生物对其利用的速度，使微生物对尿素的利用量减少。因此，在日粮中使用脲酶抑制剂是减缓瘤胃内尿素的分解速度，增加小肠菌体蛋白质的供应量，节约优质蛋白质的… 相似文献
11.
12.
本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
13.
14.
魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
15.
16.
以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
17.
Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
18.
乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
19.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献