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1.
随机选取10月龄深水抗风浪网箱养殖的点篮子鱼183尾,体质量14.8～199.4g,体长8.0～18.7cm,采用灰色关联分析方法对全长、体长、体宽、体高、眼径、吻长、眼后头长、头长、头高、尾柄高、尾柄长等11个形态性状与体质量的关联度进行了分析和评价。研究结果显示,网箱养殖点篮子鱼的形态性状与体质量的关联度为0.3962～0.9702,其中,与体质量关联度最高的前3个形态性状为体长、全长和体高,关联度分别为0.9702、0.9693、0.9668,其余形态性状与体质量的关联度依次为全长>体高>体宽>吻长>尾柄长>尾柄高>头高>眼后头长>头长>眼径。综上,宜将体长、全长和体高选为间接选育点篮子鱼体质量的形态指标,本研究将为点篮子鱼群体选育提供理论依据和分析方法。  相似文献   

2.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the association between morphometric variables and carcass characteristics in Pirapitinga. We used a thousand specimens of Pirapitinga with an average weight of 1,200 g, which were stunned, slaughtered, weighed, measured, and processed for morphometric and processing yield analysis, to obtain weights, carcass and fillet yields. Initially, the linearity of the variables was verified. Pearson's simple and partial correlation tests were performed between all metrics. Track analysis was performed considering the weights and yields of carcass and filet as dependent variables and the others as independent variables. Ridge regression models were used to eliminate the effects of multicollinearity among the independent variables. Observations showed that the simple correlations between body weights and yields were superior to the partial ones in terms of magnitude. The length and circumference of the specimens were the measures most linearly associated with weight, carcass weight and fillet with rib weight. As for carcass yield and fillet yield, linear correlation coefficients were low and not significant when associated with body weights. With the path analysis, we could observe significant positive correlations between the morphometric measurements for weight, carcass weight and fillet with rib weight. The standard length, body circumference and body circumference/body height ratio are the most correlated. The latter are the most important variables in the evaluation of body weights in Pirapitinga fish. They can serve as criteria for indirect selection in searching for fish with better carcass characteristics. As for fillet and carcass yields, the morphometric variables have not shown to be efficient for indirect selection.  相似文献   

3.
Changes in biological indices (weight, length, gonadosomatic index, condition factor, hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio and fillet portion), and body composition were examined in sharpsnout seabream (30 to 500 g) maintained in culture for one and a half years. Growth was rapid during May–September, and slow from October to April. Gonadal development took place between August and October, and gonadosomatic index peaked in October (GSI: 1.14%). The condition factor, the hepatosomatic index and the intraperitoneal fat ratio varied (CF: 1.83–2.51, HSI: 0.80–2.47%, IPF ratio: 1.27–2.95%, minimum and maximum values, respectively), falling during the warmer months of the year (May–Oct). The fillet portion (the eviscerated fish with the head, fishbone and tail removed), represented a 55% of body mass. There were inverse correlations between relative fat and moisture contents associated with growth periods and sexual maturation (fat: 13.5–18.5%, moisture: 59.9–64.6%, minimum and maximum values, respectively), whereas proportions of minerals and protein were more stable (ash: 3.8–4.8%, proteins: 17.5–21.4%, minimum and maximum values, respectively).  相似文献   

4.
Flesh characteristics comprising chemical composition (protein, fat and moisture percentages and pH) as well as a sensory attribute (colour) were measured in 1951 fillet samples from two generations of two populations (a selection line, selected for increased harvest weight, and a control line, selected for average breeding values for harvest weight) of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia. These data were jointly analysed with 5331 harvest weight records from three generations to estimate genetic parameters and correlated selection responses. Multiple trait animal models were used in the analyses. The potential for correlated responses was evaluated by estimating heritabilities and genetic correlations between body traits (weight, length, depth and width) and fillet traits (weight and yield) with the above mentioned flesh characteristics. The heritabilities for protein%, fat% and colour were low (0.06–0.11), whereas for moisture% and pH they were moderate (0.15–0.20). Genetic correlations among some flesh characteristics (moisture% with protein%, fat% and pH and with fat%) as well as between body and fillet traits with flesh characteristics, were significantly different from zero but low (?0.34 to 0.31). Correlated responses were evaluated by comparing the least squares means between the Selection and Control lines. Our results indicate that selection for high growth increased harvest weight in the Selection line relative to the Control line but it did not change the flesh characteristics of the GIFT strain.  相似文献   

5.
以龙凤鲤、龙凤鲤杂交(第一组)和龙凤鲤、锦鲤杂交(第二组)的93尾子代为实验材料,对所有个体的全长、体高和尾鳍长等10个体型性状指标进行测量,并对结果进行均数差异显著性分析、相关分析和聚类分析。结果表明:两组龙凤鲤的体厚均值存在极显著差异(P<0.01);相关分析表明,两组子代的尾鳍长都与体长有极显著的负相关,第二组子代的尾鳍长与体高、头长、尾柄高有极显著的正相关(P<0.01),相关程度最大的是体高(r=0.536),其它体尺间的相关关系因亲本不同而不同。聚类分析得到,第一组子代的体型指标可以聚为三类,第二组子代的体型指标可以聚为五类。两组龙凤鲤在体型性状上有一定区别。  相似文献   

6.
经过175 d养殖,对4个N-乙基-N-亚硝基脲(ENU)诱变草鱼家系进行生长对比,采用显著性比较,偏相关分析和因子分析统计方法对草鱼体质量、全长、体长、头长、体高、尾柄长、尾柄高、体厚性状进行分析,进而运用双向测序法对MSTN1、MSTN2基因在具有明显差异家系中进行SNP位点筛选。试验结果显示,家系4的生长速度明显大于家系3,家系4的8个性状明显大于其他3个家系;家系1中体长、尾柄长、体厚与体质量密切相关,家系2中体长、头长、体厚与体质量密切相关,家系3中全长、体长、尾柄高与体质量密切相关,家系4中全长、体长、体厚与体质量密切相关。由此可知,家系4和家系3具有明显的生长差异。对于MSTN1基因,家系3在465位点C/G、467位点G/A,家系4在465位点C/G均发生错义突变;对于MSTN2基因,家系3和4在912位点C/T均发生同义突变,家系3在1027位点G/A、家系4在366位点A/G均产生错义突变,位于非编码区1390位点A/T和1401位点G/A在两个家系均发现SNP位点。试验结果表明,MSTN1、MSTN2基因的不同SNP位点与ENU诱变草鱼的生长性状存在紧密联系。  相似文献   

7.
A three-year test of growth performance andoffspring survival from top-crossing of commoncarp hybrids in low altitude (350 m above thesea level, middle European climate) and in highaltitude (750 m above the sea level, middleEuropean climate) was terminated by assessmentof slaughtering value of edible parts in therespective strains. A recently establishedHungarian synthetic mirror carp strain (HSM)was chosen for testing as maternal strain. TheHSM, as well as wild Amur carp (AC), Ropshacarp (ROP) and Tata carp (TAT) were used aspaternal strains.The evidential strain*altitude interactioneffect was demonstrated as significant forweight of fish (0.0005), fillet without skin(0.0001), index of highbackedness (0.005),index of head length (0.0404),Fulton's coefficient (0.0497),index of widebackedness (0.0315) andgonadosomatic index (0.0082). The interactioneffect was demonstrated as insignificantbetween altitude*sex and betweenstrain*sex.The comparative test of analysis of variance(ANOVA) revealed significantly (P < 0.05)higher weight of fish after killing on lowaltitude (1611.6 g) than on high altitude(1090.3 g), but processed body yield andpercentage of fillet without skin was notsignificantly different (64.0 and 34.2 for lowaltitude, 64.2 and 33.4 for high altitude). Thepercentage of processed body weight andpercentage of fillet without skin in analysisboth altitudes were significantly better infemales (65.5 and 34.6%) than in males (62.5and 33.00%), respectively. The highestsignificant differences in weight of fish afterkilling were found between HSM (890.8 g) andHSM × AC (1283.3 g) in high altitude. In lowaltitude, it was between HSM (1527.2 g) andHSM × AC (1706.9 g) and HSM × ROP (1693.0 g).  相似文献   

8.
The morphological characters, fillet texture, and nutrient contents of the F3 generation of Barbless carp (Cyprinus pellegrini,BC) female × Heilongjiang carp (Cyprinus carpio,HLC, geographical population of common carp) male hybrid, which were named as High‐quality carp F3 (HQC F3), were studied. The main morphological characteristics of HQC F3 were between BC and HLC, but closer to the BC. The fillet amino acids and crude protein showed significant differences between HQC F3 and BC. But, only fillet crude fat showed significant differences between HQC F3 and HLC. HQC F3's fillet had significantly different with BC's on the contents of myristic acid, linolenic acid, and stearic acid, and with HLC's on the contents of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, EPA, palm oleic acid, and 20 carbon‐dilute acid. HQC F3 broodstocks were selected with high intramuscular fat and effective population size. HQC F4 were bred and showed improved intramuscular fat content compared to F3. The intramuscular fat of 2‐year‐old HLC F4 was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with body weight/standard length. Intramuscular fat is a stable trait that can be continuously passed on to the next generation. This study will lay a foundation for further carp selective breeding study to improve fillet quality.  相似文献   

9.
Thecrude fat and crude protein content of fillets was predicted by X-ray computertomography (CT) and determined by chemical analyses. Between 20 to 40 serialscans were taken of 48 freshwater fish and samples from the ground fillet withskin were prepared for chemical analyses. Fish species investigated were asfollows: common carp (n = 18), grass carp (n = 10), silver carp (n = 10) andpike-perch (n = 10), all collected directly from fishponds and processedimmediately. The variables of the prediction equations were taken from thedensity values of the Hounsfield scale, on a range between –90 and+150, by summing the frequencies within each interval of 10 values. Withprincipal component analysis fillet fat and crude protein content could beestimated with R2 = 0.88 and R2 = 0.87 accuracy,respectively. Three dimensional"volumetric" estimation of fat tissue was also carried out on the basis of fatindices developed at our lab. The fillet composition of the Cyprinid speciescould be evaluated well with the applied methods, but not that of pike-perchwhich had an extremely low fillet and body fat content.  相似文献   

10.
The main aim of this study was to estimate the heritability for four measures of deformity and their genetic associations with growth (body weight and length), carcass (fillet weight and yield) and flesh‐quality (fillet fat content) traits in yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi. The observed major deformities included lower jaw, nasal erosion, deformed operculum and skinny fish on 480 individuals from 22 families at Clean Seas Tuna Ltd. They were typically recorded as binary traits (presence or absence) and were analysed separately by both threshold generalized models and standard animal mixed models. Consistency of the models was evaluated by calculating simple Pearson correlation of breeding values of full‐sib families for jaw deformity. Genetic and phenotypic correlations among traits were estimated using a multitrait linear mixed model in ASReml. Both threshold and linear mixed model analysis showed that there is additive genetic variation in the four measures of deformity, with the estimates of heritability obtained from the former (threshold) models on liability scale ranging from 0.14 to 0.66 (SE 0.32–0.56) and from the latter (linear animal and sire) models on original (observed) scale, 0.01–0.23 (SE 0.03–0.16). When the estimates on the underlying liability were transformed to the observed scale (0, 1), they were generally consistent between threshold and linear mixed models. Phenotypic correlations among deformity traits were weak (close to zero). The genetic correlations among deformity traits were not significantly different from zero. Body weight and fillet carcass showed significant positive genetic correlations with jaw deformity (0.75 and 0.95, respectively). Genetic correlation between body weight and operculum was negative (?0.51, P < 0.05). The genetic correlations' estimates of body and carcass traits with other deformity were not significant due to their relatively high standard errors. Our results showed that there are prospects for genetic selection to improve deformity in yellowtail kingfish and that measures of deformity should be included in the recording scheme, breeding objectives and selection index in practical selective breeding programmes due to the antagonistic genetic correlations of deformed jaws with body and carcass performance.  相似文献   

11.
红鲤生长性状的上位性遗传效应分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文
运用加性-显性-上位性遗传模型及其分析方法,研究了兴国红鲤(Cyprinus carpiovar.singuonensis)、荷包红鲤(C.carpiovar.wuyuanensis)和瓯江彩鲤(C.carpiovar.color)的双列杂交子二代F2的体质量和10个形态性状(全长、体长、体高、体宽、头长、吻长、眼径、眼间距、尾柄长和尾柄高)的上位性遗传效应。结果表明,除体高外,其余性状均存在不同程度的加性×加性上位性方差,其中体质量、全长、体长、头长、吻长和尾柄长的加性×加性上位性方差达显著水平(P<0.05);这10项性状的上位性方差占总遗传变异量的百分率为:体质量11.4%、全长22.6%、体长14.0%、体宽8.3%,头长24.2%、吻长17.5%、眼径12.9%、眼间距23.1%、尾柄长5.4%和尾柄高20.1%;通过3种红鲤亲本的遗传育种效应预测发现,瓯江彩鲤的加性和上位性效应能显著增加后代的体质量、全长和体长,而兴国红鲤和荷包红鲤的加性和上位性效应能显著降低后代的体质量、全长和体长。上位性遗传效应在鱼类数量性状的遗传育种中具有较重要作用。[中国水产科学,2006,13(4):573-578]  相似文献   

12.
为研究出现在中国南海美济礁的黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)幼鱼的形态特征及其各性状特性与体重的关系,对其附近海域捕捞的52尾野生黄鳍金枪鱼幼鱼的外部形态特征进行观察分析,并对其全长、体长、头长、体高、头高、眼径、眼间距、口裂、吻长、尾柄长、尾柄高和体重12个可量性状进行测量.通过相关分析、通径分析和决定分析方法,分析各形态性状对体重的影响程度,运用多元线性回归分析法建立主要性状对体重的多元回归方程.结果显示,鱼体呈纺锤形,粗壮而圆,向后逐渐细尖,尾柄细长,背部较暗,呈深蓝色,腹部银白色,体表具有浅银灰色间隔的纵向条纹,并有明亮的光泽,尾鳍末端呈黄褐色;体长、体高和尾柄高与体重的相关性达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),是影响体重的主要性状.体长对体重的通径系数最大(0.479)、决定系数最高(0.229),体长、体高主要通过直接作用对体重产生影响,而尾柄高主要通过体高、体长对体重起间接作用;以体重为因变量(y),体高(x1)、体长(x2)、尾柄高(x3)为自变量,得到估算体重的最优多元回归方程为y=30.482 x1+18.328 x2+ 199.490 x3-500.785.  相似文献   

13.
草鱼幼鱼生长性状和肌肉成分的遗传参数估计   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
为了研究草鱼幼鱼阶段生长性状和肌肉成分的遗传改良潜力。随机采集288尾人工繁育的4月龄草鱼幼鱼,基于12对微卫星标记,鉴定出来自16个家系（8个母本,9个父本）的273尾个体,各家系、母本和父本对应子代贡献率存在极显著差异（P<0.01）。对草鱼3个生长性状（体质量、体长和肥满度）和2个肌肉成分指标（粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量）比较发现,3个生长性状和粗蛋白含量在家系和母系半同胞间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而3个生长性状和2个肌肉成分指标在父系半同胞间差异均不显著（P>0.05）。基于动物模型和限制性最大似然法,草鱼4月龄体质量、体长、肥满度、粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量的遗传力估值分别为0.34、0.33、0.17、0.17和0.20,其中3个生长性状遗传力估值统计检验显著（P<0.05）。遗传相关分析显示,体质量与体长之间呈极显著的高度正相关（0.82, P<0.01）,肥满度与体质量和2个肌肉成分之间存在显著的正相关（0.17-0.29, P<0.05）。研究表明,草鱼4月龄生长性状具有较高的选育潜力,并可通过体长选择实现对体质量的遗传改良;推测在草鱼生长改良过程中,可能会伴随肥满度和粗脂肪含量的变化,这应当引起重视。  相似文献   

14.
为探究马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)形态性状与体质量之间的相关程度,对4月龄马口鱼的14个形态性状(全长X1、体长X2、叉长X3、体高X4、体宽X5、头长X6、头宽X7、头高X8、吻长X9、眼后头长X10、眼径X11、眼间距X12、尾柄长X13、尾柄高X14)和体质量(Y)进行了相关分析、通径分析及...  相似文献   

15.
The objective of this study on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was to obtain and predict the first cross-validated data of the fat content on market size carps using a non-invasive or non-destructive method in situ. The carps (1680 ± 388 g; n = 136) used were from a semi-intensive system and were on a different diet (cereal, pelleted and extruded diet). For the evaluation of the fat content, a Fish Fatmeter FM 692 from Distell.com. (FFM) and a manual measurement of back fat height using a digital calliper were used. For the prediction model, the following basic body measurements (variables) were used: total body length, body length, body height, the width of the body, and the circuit of the body. The body weight, weight of intestines, weight of gonads, weight of hepatopancreas, and fillet yield (%) were measured, and the Fulton coefficient was calculated. The study was focussed on evaluating the applicability of these methods and the accuracy of the obtained result, respectively. Results showed that all the rapid methods had a strong correlation. Multiple regression models with forward selection of variables were used throughout. The final prediction model between predicted and observed values for the fat content for FFM and calliper being adjusted index of determination is shown here (R adj 2  = 0.88; 5 variables and R adj 2  = 0.91; 7 variables), respectively.  相似文献   

16.
随机选取305尾不同家系的4月龄泥鳅（Misgurnus anguillicaudatus）,测量其体重、全长、体长、头长、体高、尾柄高、尾柄长和体厚共8个性状指标。采用相关分析和通径分析方法,分别计算泥鳅各形态性状对体重的相关系数、通径系数和决定系数,揭示影响4月龄泥鳅体重的主要形态性状。结果表明,各形态性状与体重的相关系数均达到极显著水平（P〈0.01）。全长、体高、头长是直接影响体重的重要指标;其中,全长对体重的直接影响最大（0.548）,对体重的决定程度最高（0.3003）,其他性状对体重的直接作用较小,主要通过全长间接地影响体重。通过逐步多元回归分析,经偏回归系数显著性检验,以全长（X1）、头长（X2）、体高（X3）、尾柄高（X4）和尾柄长（X5）建立最优多元回归方程为Y=-4.515＋0.255X1＋1.744X2＋1.966X3＋1.422X4＋0.511X5。在泥鳅选育实际操作中,可以通过该方程对泥鳅体重进行预测和控制,主要用泥鳅全长指标进行选择,以达到间接选育体重、优化其生长性能的目的。  相似文献   

17.
不同种群凡纳滨对虾形态性状对体质量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
采用单因素方差分析、通径分析和多元回归分析等方法,比较取自美国塞班岛凡纳滨对虾养殖基地V101、OS、G24、NS 4个凡纳滨对虾种群的头胸甲长、第1~6腹节长、尾节长、体长、全长、头胸甲宽、第1~6腹节宽、头胸甲高、第1~6腹节高等24项形态性状和体质量(m)及其所有性状的比例参数,分析各群体形态差异以及主要形态性状对体质量的影响,并建立回归方程。试验结果表明,4个群体大部分形态差异显著(P0.05),V101和G2群体属于瘦长型,OS和NS属于高胖型。相关分析、通径分析、决定程度分析结果表明,V101群体头胸甲长和头胸甲高与体质量正相关,第2腹节高与体质量负相关;OS群体体长、第2腹节长、头胸甲宽与体质量正相关,第6腹节长与体质量负相关;NS群体头胸甲长、第6腹节高与体质量正相关,头胸甲宽与体质量负相关;G2群体头胸甲长、全长与体质量正相关,体长与体质量负相关。4个群体的多元回归方程经方差显著性检验均达到极显著水平(P0.01),且复相关指数均0.85,表明头胸甲部位在凡纳滨对虾良种选育中占重要地位。  相似文献   

18.
For body weight (BW) and morphological traits measured repeatedly during growth in Japanese flounder, random regression models (RRMs) were constructed to genetically analyse growth curves and relative growth of morphological traits to BW or body length (BL). In the RRM of growth curves, genetic effects were optimally modelled using Legendre polynomials of two orders for six growth traits. Family and permanent environmental effects remained constant for morphological traits, whereas family effects changed linearly for BWs. During the measuring periods, the heritabilities of the traits increased with age and ranged from 0.256 to 0.843 for BW, 0.379 to 0.806 for body height, 0.338 to 0.773 for BL, 0.286 to 0.665 for head length, 0.159 to 0.708 for length of caudal fin and 0.335 to 0.774 for width of caudal peduncle. Genetic correlations for each trait decreased with increased lag in days of age. In the RRM of relative growth, all morphological traits analysed were significantly associated with BW and BL. The heritabilities for the allometries of morphological traits to BWs ranged from 0.251 to 0.755, whereas those to BLs ranged from 0.412 to 0.871. The majority of genetic correlations among these allometry scalings were negative. These estimated parameters can be utilized to not only guide the efficient selection of traits, but also to genetically regulate synchronous growth of body shape with BW in Japanese flounder.  相似文献   

19.
Relationships among total weight (W), and linear measures of body shape, visceral component weights, and fillet weight (Y) in market-size (>454 g) palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis female ×M. chrysops male, N= 138) and paradise bass (M. saxatilis female ×M. mississippiensis male, N= 134) were determined with the allometric equation: Y = aWb. Allometric analysis was used to compare traits of palmetto bass and paradise bass, and to identify factors influencing fillet yield. Paradise bass, an all female hybrid, had deeper, thicker, shorter bodies, and smaller heads than palmetto bass females. Male and female palmetto bass had similar body shapes. Values of growth coefficients (b) for body shape traits (range 0.21–0.48) indicated that shape was proportional across the weight range of fish used. Mean visceral fat and ovary weight were higher in paradise bass than in palmetto bass females suggesting the reproductive cycle was more advanced in paradise bass females. Whole fillet (skin and ribs intact) and skinless fillet (ribs intact) were larger for paradise bass than for palmetto bass, but trimmed fillet (skin and ribs removed) was not different between fish. Relative increases of whole and skinless fillet weights were greater than total weight in both groups indicating that the percentage of body mass attributed to fillet increases slightly as total weight increases. Therefore, small increases in fillet yield can be achieved by rearing fish to a larger size. Stepwise regression of whole, skinless, and trimmed fillet weight on body shape traits resulted in three parameter models with r2-values of 0.27–0.29 in palmetto bass, and of 0.37–0.43 in paradise bass. Addition of visceral components as independent variables in the models increased r2-values to 0.31–0.36 for palmetto bass and to 0.45–0.52 for paradise bass. Low phenotypic variation in fillet yield (CV = 3–5%) and poor predictability of yield from measures taken on live fish limit the potential for improving yield through individual selection. Identification of superior species or strain crosses or rearing fish to a larger size appear to be the best strategies for improving fillet yield of Morone hybrids.  相似文献   

20.
淡水鲨鱼形态性状与体质量关系的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
选取1龄淡水鲨鱼（Pangasias sutchi Fowler）30尾,测量其体质量、全长、体长、体高、体宽、眼间距、头长、头高、头宽、吻长、尾柄长和尾柄高等12个形态性状,采用相关分析、通径分析和逐步回归分析的方法研究了各性状对体质量的影响效果。结果表明,（1）经相关分析,淡水鲨鱼各形态性状（除吻长）与体质量的相关系数均达到极显著水平;（2）经通径分析,保留了全长、头宽、体宽和尾柄高4个达到显著水平的形态变量,所得相关指数为：R2=0.939;（3）经逐步多元回归分析,建立最优回归方程为：Y=-458.204＋0.997X1＋6.610X8＋2.506X4＋2.825X11,式中X1、X8、X4、X11分别为全长（mm）、头宽（mm）、体宽（mm）和尾柄高（mm）,为淡水鲨鱼的育种工作提供了重要的理论依据。  相似文献   

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