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1.
条斑紫菜对高浓度氮、磷的耐受性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验结果表明,条斑紫菜外植体的存活及正常生长发育,可适应与耐受的氮质量浓度50～150 mg/L,磷质量浓度5～15 mg/L.当氮质量浓度超过150 mg/L时,条斑紫菜外植体的存活及生长发育受到抑制;而磷质量浓度超过15 mg/L时,对条斑紫菜外植体的存活及生长产生抑制,紫菜果孢子囊的形成则可耐受磷质量浓度25 mg/L. 相似文献
2.
实验室条件下研究了紫外辐射(UVR)对条斑紫菜藻体不同部位最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和光合色素含量的影响,以探讨条斑紫菜不同部位对紫外辐射反应的差异性。在全光谱 PAB(PAR+UV-A+UV-B,280~700 nm)和滤除紫外辐射UVR(UV-A+UV-B)的有效光辐射(PAR,395~700 nm)两种处理下进行测定。实验结果表明,PAB处理后的各部位藻体最大光化学效率下降程度均高于PAR处理后,且弱光期恢复程度低、速度慢。藻体不同部位间最大光化学效率下降程度也存在差异,藻体梢部对PAB的耐受性高,恢复也较快;基部耐受性最差,恢复也较慢。藻红蛋白(phycoerythrin,PE)和藻蓝蛋白(phycocyanin,PC)对不同辐射处理较敏感,PAB辐射处理后,各藻体部位的PE、PC含量均显著上升(P<0.05),其中藻体梢部PAB处理后的PE、PC含量的均极显著升高(P<0.01)。然而不同部位藻体在PAB和PAR照射下,叶绿素a(Chl.a)和类胡萝卜素(Car)并无显著变化(P>0.05)。藻体的紫外吸收物质(MAAs)的含量从基部到梢部逐步升高,不同辐射处理前后,各藻体部位的紫外吸收物质也未显著增加(P>0.05)。总之,条斑紫菜不同部位藻体光合生理特性存在较大差异。推测条斑紫菜应对紫外辐射的策略有遮蔽作用,积累紫外吸收物质和动态光抑制作用。 相似文献
3.
以不同收割期的靖海湾条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)为研究对象,对比分析营养价值并评价其鲜味。通过测定基本营养成分、无机元素组成和氨基酸组成,分析其营养学特征,通过测定游离氨基酸与呈味核苷酸组成,进而计算滋味活性值(Taste active value, TAV)与味精当量(Equivalent umami concentration, EUC)。结果显示,靖海湾条斑紫菜蛋白质含量丰富,头水和二水紫菜的蛋白含量均在49%以上,显著高于四水和六水紫菜(P<0.05)。不同收割期条斑紫菜的脂肪含量较低,均小于1.1%。常量元素中P含量最低,K含量最高,约为2.59×104~5.52×104 mg/kg;微量元素以Fe含量最高,Zn次之,Co最低;Pb含量明显低于GB 2762-2017的限量要求。头水、二水紫菜与四水、六水紫菜的必需氨基酸及氨基酸总量间存在显著差异(P<0.05)。游离谷氨酸和次黄嘌呤核苷酸对条斑紫菜的鲜味起主要贡献作用,头水、二水、四水和六水紫菜的EUC(以干基计)依次降低,分别为239.71、190.03、108.05和51.56 g MSG/100 g。靖海湾条斑紫菜具有较高的营养价值,且收割前期的靖海湾条斑紫菜鲜味度较高,可作为开发调味品的原料。 相似文献
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《水产养殖》2019,(7)
为了研究海藻中硒的含量及其变化,以海水养殖条斑紫菜为研究对象,分析了江苏沿海不同地区不同采收期条斑紫菜中总硒的含量变化。结果表明,江苏沿海条斑紫菜中总硒含量(干重)在最低值0.089 mg/kg(如东北渔地区五水采收期)到最高值0.284 mg/kg(如东环渔地区三水采收期)之间,平均值为0.145 mg/kg。5个地区5个采收期条斑紫菜中硒含量差异具统计学意义。不同地区中连云港市赣榆地区条斑紫菜硒含量平均值最高,为0.182 mg/kg,其次为如东环渔地区;不同采收期中三水条斑紫菜硒含量平均值最高,为0.191 mg/kg,四水次之。不同地区条斑紫菜中硒含量最高值出现时间不一致,并有一定规律性变化,表现为在江苏沿海南部条斑紫菜硒含量最高值出现时间早于江苏沿海北部,推测可能与沿海三市海水温度差异有关。从总体上分析江苏沿海各地区条斑紫菜中硒含量整体较高,属于天然含硒食品。 相似文献
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为研究4种海藻多糖对鲫鱼生长和免疫的影响,将鲫鱼[(50±5)g]暂养2d,随机分为普通饲料组、浒苔组、条斑紫菜组、铜藻组、坛紫菜组5组,每组4个重复,每个平行10尾,准确记录体质量。养殖60d后,注射菌体密度为10~7cfu/mL嗜水气单胞菌,24h后称取鱼的体质量,解剖脾脏称量质量,并取鱼血测定碱性磷酸酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、总蛋白、球蛋白活性。试验结果显示,浒苔组、条斑紫菜组、铜藻组鱼的质量增加率相比普通饲料组有所提高,其中浒苔组效果最好,质量增加率为47.50%。浒苔组、条斑紫菜组、铜藻组、坛紫菜组鲫鱼的脾体比均有所增加,且浒苔组和条斑紫菜组较好,脾体比增加量分别为23.76%和27.73%,4组培养基中菌落数较普通饲料组有所减少。血液生化检测结果,浒苔组的总蛋白和球蛋白含量均高于普通饲料组。由结果数据分析可以看出,4种海藻多糖在一定程度上可促进鲫鱼生长并能提高其抗病能力。 相似文献
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酶解条斑紫菜（Porphyra yezoensis）得到单细胞，培养于添加不同浓度H2PO4^-的0．7％琼胶培养基上。观察磷浓度变化对细胞分化发育速度、细胞团和幼苗的比例、幼苗生长和单孢子放散等的影响，探讨条斑紫菜单细胞固体培养的适宜磷浓度。结果显示，在磷质量浓度10mg／L、20mg／L时，细胞的发育速度和幼苗的生长速度都比较快，能够形成正常大苗。培育14d幼苗即大量放散单孢子。在添加4mg／L磷营养盐的培养基上，幼苗生长慢，培育22d能够形成少量大苗，未见放散单孢子。当磷质量浓度低于2mg／L或高于40mg／L均不能形成正常大苗。 相似文献
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条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)作为一种生长在潮间带的经济海藻,在适应干露失水时的高紫外辐射上有其独特的特性。本研究以无UV-B辐射为对照组,0.5 W/m2(低)和2 W/m2(高)UV-B辐射为实验组,检测条斑紫菜对UV-B紫外辐射响应的叶绿素荧光光合参数、多光谱荧光参数以及酪氨酸酶活性的变化。结果显示,受到UV-B辐射的条斑紫菜的叶绿素荧光光合参数(QY_max、NPQ_Lss、qP_Lss和Rfd_Lss)随辐照时间呈不同程度的下降趋势,并且高辐射强度下的各光合参数值低于低辐射强度,表明条斑紫菜光合作用受到辐射的负面影响;极早期胁迫参数F440/F690和F440/F740的差异表明,2 W/m2 UV-B辐射组条斑紫菜比0.5 W/m2辐照组更早(1 h)进入胁迫状态,且UV-B辐射下条斑紫菜酚醛类物质减少;与叶绿素浓度呈负相关的参数F690/F740变化表明,0.5 W/m2辐照组叶绿素浓度高于对照组,而在辐照3 h内低于2 W/m2辐照组,2 W/m2辐照组叶绿素浓度则先上升,并在辐照4 h下降,至6 h呈显著降低,说明藻体可耐受较低UV-B辐射,而高UV-B长时间辐照对藻体造成明显的伤害;对酪氨酸酶的活性检测结果表明,受到UV-B辐照的条斑紫菜酪氨酸酶活性显著高于对照组,且高辐照组的酶活性高于低辐照组的酶活性。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
14.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
15.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
18.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
19.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献