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1.
随机选取地方鸡种牡丹红鸡和引进蛋鸡品种白来航鸡各30只，在相同饲养管理和免疫程序下饲养，于49日龄腿肌注射25％绵羊红细胞（Sheep blood red cell，SKBC）0．5mL，分别检测了41、56、71、89日龄的异嗜性性粒细胞（Heterophil）量、淋巴细胞（Lymphocyte）量和异嗜性粒细胞／淋巴细胞比率（Heterophil／Lymphocyte，H／L），56、71、89日龄的SRBC抗体滴度和30、41、56、71、89日龄新城疫（New castle disease，ND）的免疫抗体滴度等免疫性状的差异。结果显示，牡丹红鸡在H／L值、SR．BC抗体滴度极显著高于白来航鸡（P〈0．01），ND免疫抗体滴度上显著高于白来航鸡（P〈0．05）。结果表明，家禽的免疫性状在品种间存在遗传差异，中国地方鸡种比外来鸡种在多个免疫性状上存在不同程度的优势。  相似文献   

2.
不同鸡种间部分免疫性状的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
随机抽取如皋鸡、文昌鸡及安卡鸡各80只,每个品种分为A、B2组,每组分别于49日龄腿肌注射25%绵羊红细胞(Sheep red blood cell,SRBC)0.5、1mL。分别检测了41、56、71、89日龄的异嗜性粒细胞/淋巴细胞(Hetero-phil/Lymphocyte,H/L)值,56、71、89日龄的SRBC抗体滴度以及30、41、56、71、89日龄的新城疫(Newcastle disease,ND)和禽流感(Avian influenza,AI)抗体滴度。结果显示,同一检测日龄H/L值在不同品种间存在差异,随着日龄的增加品种间的差异逐步减小;不同品种H/L值随时间变化的趋势不同,如皋鸡4个日龄变化平缓,文昌鸡和安卡鸡呈先高后低趋势。3个品种SRBC抗体滴度均在56日龄达到最高,其中文昌鸡最高,安卡鸡最低,且差异显著(P0.05)。除如皋鸡外,其他品种对不同剂量SRBC抗原的敏感程度存在差异。在免疫ND疫苗后3个品种抗体滴度表现出相似的变化规律,但是变化幅度有所差异,安卡鸡前3个检测日龄滴度介于如皋鸡和文昌鸡之间,但免疫后期迅速上升,71和89日龄滴度极显著高于其他2个品种(P0.001);如皋鸡和文昌鸡之间AI抗体滴度除56日龄之外均不存在显著差异,而安卡鸡在所有日龄均极显著低于其他2个品种(P0.01)。结果表明,家禽的免疫性状在品种间存在遗传差异,中国地方鸡种比外来鸡种在多个免疫性状上存在不同程度的优势。  相似文献   

3.
本试验以中国地方鸡种北京油鸡(Beijing-You chicken,BJY)和引入蛋鸡品种白来航鸡(White Leghorn,WL)为试验对象,通过人工感染肠炎沙门氏菌(Salmonella Enteritidis,SE),研究两个不同遗传背景新生雏鸡在接种沙门氏菌后,部分免疫指标和相关基因的变化规律,揭示两品种鸡在早期对SE感染抗性的的异同点。选择1日龄的北京油鸡和白来航鸡各40只,隔离舱饲养,相同日粮水平条件下,两侧胸肌各注射8.7×108cfu·mL-1沙门氏菌0.5mL,分别在攻毒后12、24、72和144h(12hpi、24hpi、72hpi、144hpi)测定IgY、IL-6和TNF-α血清介质变化,荧光定量检测血液载菌量、盲肠组织中TLR4受体、DNMT3a、DNMT3b和DNMT1甲基转移酶基因的表达情况。结果表明:(1)攻毒沙门氏菌后,北京油鸡的IgY、IL-6、TNF-α血清介质水平显著高于白来航鸡(P0.05);(2)在12hpi、24hpi和72hpi,血液载菌量品种间差异不显著(P0.05),但在144hpi白来航鸡血液中载菌量显著高于北京油鸡(P0.05);(3)在24hpi,TLR4受体在北京油鸡盲肠组织中的表达显著高于白来航鸡;北京油鸡与白来航鸡DNMT3a、DNMT3b和DNMT1甲基转移酶基因在两品种间的表达差异显著(P0.05)。结果提示,北京油鸡和白来航鸡对沙门氏菌的免疫性状具有明显的遗传差异,北京油鸡对沙门氏菌的抗性优于白来航鸡。  相似文献   

4.
鸡禽流感母源抗体和免疫抗体消长实验观察   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
通过对高兰蛋鸡和固始鸡定期跟踪监测禽流感母源抗体和免疫抗体,表明母源抗体随日龄增长呈下降趋势,注苗后7d,抗体滴度达到5．7～8．4log2,其免疫保护期可达3～5个月。通过本实验初步掌握了母源抗体、免疫抗体消长规律,为制定当地免疫程序提供技术参考依据。  相似文献   

5.
按程序、规范接种的蛋鸡在免疫保护期内其禽流感免疫抗体水平较高且抗体效价整齐。土杂鸡的抗体水平免疫21 d后抗体滴度合格率仅为30%。为提高土杂鸡禽流感免疫抗体合格率,进行了一次免疫和二次免疫效果的对比试验,结果显示:土杂鸡二次免疫禽流感H5灭活苗后,免疫抗体水平显著提高,合格率达90%。试验用的两个不同厂家的禽流感H5灭活苗的免疫效果区别不大。蛋鸡三次免疫后免疫抗体合格率达95%,且抗体效价高而整齐。  相似文献   

6.
为分析蛋鸡免疫后卵黄抗体与血清抗体的相关性,试验采集经H5、H9亚型禽流感和新城疫疫苗免疫的黔东南小香鸡、乌蒙乌骨鸡、威宁鸡血清样本和卵黄样本,采用血凝抑制试验进行相关免疫抗体检测。结果:3个地方品种鸡的血清样本和卵黄样本中均可检测出H5、H9亚型禽流感和新城疫免疫抗体,且几何平均效价均大于24以上,达到免疫合格标准,不同地方品种鸡群间差异不显著(P>0.05);免疫后30d,卵黄样本免疫抗体几何平均效价低于血清样本,但差异不显著(P>0.05);免疫后60d,卵黄样本免疫抗体几何平均效价低于血清样本,差异显著(P<0.05)。结果表明:卵黄抗体与血清抗体呈正相关性,卵黄抗体几何平均效价均低于血清抗体。在临床上可用卵黄抗体替代血清抗体进行H5、H9亚型禽流感和新城疫疫苗免疫效果的评价,但应选择在免疫后30d以内。  相似文献   

7.
为评价坝上长尾鸡的肉品质,研究分析其腿部肌纤维直径和密度,并与北京油鸡、农大3号和海兰褐蛋鸡进行比较。选取同批次孵化1日龄的坝上长尾鸡、北京油鸡、农大3号和海兰褐蛋鸡各45只,随机分为3个重复,每重复15只鸡。饲养至120日龄时,每品种取15只屠宰,腿肌相同部位取样,制成石蜡切片并染色观测。坝上长尾鸡的腿部肌纤维直径和密度与海兰褐蛋鸡和北京油鸡相比差异极显著(P0.01),与农大3号差异显著(P0.05);海兰褐蛋鸡和北京油鸡二者间差异不显著(P0.05),与农大3号相比差异显著(P0.05)。腿部肌纤维直径由大到小排列为海兰褐蛋鸡北京油鸡农大3号坝上长尾鸡;腿部肌纤维密度由大到小排列为坝上长尾鸡农大3号北京油鸡海兰褐蛋鸡。坝上长尾鸡的肌纤维品质优良,选育及推广价值极高。  相似文献   

8.
2013年6月~12月对湖北省10个养殖集中区域的规模化蛋鸡养殖场随机采集血样1 631份,应用血凝抑制试验(HI)检测H9亚型禽流感抗体。对不同月份送检样本分析显示,10月份H9亚型禽流感平均抗体滴度最高(9.44log2),8月平均抗体滴度最低(8.71log2)。对不同地区送检样本分析显示,H9亚型禽流感抗体滴度平均值最低的为沙洋(7.94log2),最高的是浠水(9.88log2)。蛋鸡日龄小于等于105d的样本平均抗体滴度值最低(9.08log2),随着日龄的不断上长,抗体平均滴度值不断上升;在蛋鸡日龄在105~200之间,部分鸡群抗体滴度值小于4log2,并且存在抗体滴度离散度大,差异较大的特点。检测结果显示,不同时间、不同区域和不同日龄的鸡群H9亚型禽流感疫苗免疫后抗体滴度呈现一定的差异,可能的原因是各地区鸡场存在免疫操作不规范、免疫程序不合理的现象,值得引起警示。  相似文献   

9.
为了研究成都天邦生物制品有限公司生产的鸡新城疫(基因Ⅶ型)、禽流感(H9亚型)二联灭活疫苗(aSG10株+G株)对蛋鸡的安全性和免疫效果,在北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司京红1号蛋鸡养殖场进行相关试验。结果显示:疫苗经不同免疫途径(皮下注射和肌肉注射)、不同免疫剂量(单剂量和超剂量)接种115日龄蛋鸡后,未见任何不良反应,注射部位疫苗吸收良好,产蛋率与空白对照组无明显差异。试验鸡免疫后14d,新城疫HI抗体平均滴度为10.9log2,H9亚型禽流感HI抗体平均滴度为9.1log2,免疫后6个月新城疫HI抗体水平不低于6.9log2,H9亚型禽流感HI抗体水平不低于7.4log2。分别于免疫后21d和6个月对免疫鸡进行攻毒,新城疫攻毒保护率为100%,禽流感攻毒保护率为95%。表明该二联苗对蛋鸡安全、有效,且免疫持续期长,可用于蛋鸡的免疫。  相似文献   

10.
为了解重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)二价灭活疫苗(H5N1 Re-8株+H7N9 H7-Re1株)不同免疫剂量对黄羽肉鸡的免疫效果,将临床健康的黄羽肉鸡240羽随机分成A、B、C、D四个组,每组60羽,用同一种免疫程序同一时间、不同剂量进行免疫,采用血凝和血凝抑制的方法检测血清中的禽流感H5和流感H7抗体。试验结果表明,A、B、C、D四组疫苗的免疫效果好,在二免后14 d至56 d(76日龄),免疫抗体合格率都达到90%以上,达到农业部免疫抗体合格率的要求(70%以上);禽流感H5免疫抗体平均滴度达7log2以上,流感H7免疫抗体平均滴度达6log2以上;但以C、D两组的免疫效果更好,在二免后14 d至56 d(76日龄),免疫抗体合格率都达100%,禽流感H5和流感H7免疫抗体平均滴度达7.8log2以上。因此,重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)二价灭活疫苗(H5N1Re-8株+H7N9 H7-Re1株)对鸡的免疫程序:10日龄颈部皮下首次注射0.1、0.2、0.3 mL;20日龄颈部皮下二次注射0.1、0.2、0.3、0.5 mL,适用于76日龄左右出栏的肉鸡。但推荐10日龄和20日龄鸡分别颈部皮下注射0.3m L/只,免疫程序会更好。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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