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奶牛不妊是指奶牛达到繁殖年龄或分娩后一定时间内,不能参加配种或经多次配种而未妊娠。不妊造成奶牛不能按期繁殖,延长产犊间隔,增加饲养成本,甚至有的因长期不妊而失去饲养价值并被淘汰,极大地影响奶牛养殖效益。引起奶牛不妊的原因繁多复杂,在生产管理过程中,应综合分析防治,以力争奶牛高效率繁殖,高效益养殖。 相似文献
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纤维是奶牛的一种必需营养素，它对奶牛的泌乳、繁殖等生理活动都起到了非常重要的作用。本文就纤维在奶牛生产中的作用原理、生产中的添加量以及怎样高效率的利用纤维等问题做了分析，对奶牛高产，提高经济效益有重要意义。 相似文献
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纤维是奶牛的一种必需营养素，它在奶牛的泌乳、繁殖等生理活动中都起到了非常重要的作用。搞清楚纤维在奶牛生产中的作用原理、生产中的添加量以及怎样高效率的利用纤维等问题，对提高奶牛生产性能和经济效益有重要意义。 相似文献
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纤维是奶牛的一种必需营养素,它在奶牛的泌乳、繁殖等生理活动中都起到了非常重要的作用。搞清楚纤维在奶牛生产中的作用原理、生产中的添加量以及怎样高效率的利用纤维等问题将对提高奶牛单产、提高经济效益有重要意义,此文就这些问题作了综述,供奶牛养殖者参考。 相似文献
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奶牛的繁殖直接影响到泌乳高低,对奶牛生产性能的发挥,对经济效益起着重要的作用。发情、怀孕、分娩和泌乳是奶牛正常的生理现象,而繁殖管理水平则是直接关系到这些正常现象能否正常进行的关键。繁殖管理水平高,奶牛就能按期发情、怀孕和泌乳。因此,加强繁殖管理,建立健全奶牛繁殖技术管理体系,提高奶牛繁殖能力是奶牛生产的关键性工作。 相似文献
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李松岭 《河南畜牧兽医(综合版)》2011,32(7):16-17
提高奶牛繁殖受胎率是提高奶牛养殖生产效益的基础,也是发挥奶牛生产性能和增加经济效益的关键。现根据实践经验．谈一下目前奶牛繁殖现状、繁殖障碍的病因和提高奶牛繁殖受胎率的有效措施。 相似文献
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奶牛产后生殖机能恢复的好坏是衡量奶牛营养、饲养管理水平的重要标志,是提高奶牛繁殖效率的重要措施,是维持奶牛正常生产的重要保障[1]。奶牛产后生殖机能监控是奶牛繁殖工作的关键点,笔者在多年生产实践中总结出奶牛产后生殖机能监控的方法和措施,现分述如下:1奶牛产后生殖机能监控的目标繁殖是奶牛正常生产的前提和基础,要维持奶牛正常的繁殖机能就必须尽早尽快地恢复其生殖机能。奶牛产后生殖机能监控的目标是使奶牛达到理想(最佳)的繁殖指标,具体指标见表1。表1中最佳繁殖指标的实现是建立在奶牛产后生殖机能恢复正常或经及时治疗得以… 相似文献
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繁殖障碍是奶牛饲养过程中一类常见的疾病,可导致奶牛繁殖性能降低。子宫内膜炎、胎衣不下、卵巢囊肿等疾病是引发奶牛繁殖障碍的主要原因。此外,遗传、营养、环境等因素也可造成奶牛繁殖障碍,严重影响奶牛的正常生产,对我国奶牛养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。本文对引起奶牛繁殖障碍的疾病原因、临床症状、治疗方法和预防措施进行论述,提高奶牛场对该病的认识。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献