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以3对遗传背景相同的甘蓝型黄籽和黑籽油菜为材料,研究甘蓝型油菜种子发育过程中內源细胞分裂素(ZR)、各种色素、色素合成相关酶活性的动态变化及其相互关系,并以外源细胞分裂素类物质(6-BA)加以验证,结果表明,相同遗传背景下的黄籽油菜种子的ZR含量较黑籽油菜高,花后27 d比黑籽高4~5倍; 在甘蓝型黄籽油菜种子发育前期(27 d阶段)种子中细胞分裂素含量越高其成熟种子色泽就越浅; 种子的ZR含量与种皮中类黄酮、花色素、黑色素含量显著负相关,与多酚含量显著正相关,与酪氨酸酶显著负相关,与苯丙氨酸解氨酶、多酚氧化酶无显著相关性; 施用外源细胞分裂素6-BA (50 mg L–1)可显著提高黄籽油菜黄籽度,明显降低甘蓝型油菜种皮中黑色素、花色素、类黄酮含量,对黑籽种皮的多酚含量无显著影响,但可增加黄籽种皮多酚含量; 6-BA处理可降低油菜种皮中酪氨酸酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性,对多酚氧化酶活性无显著影响。表明细胞分裂素可减缓甘蓝型油菜种皮各色素合成,从而影响黄籽油菜色泽;该过程可能是通过调控色素合成的相关酶活性来实现的。 相似文献
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‘品丽珠’、‘西拉’和‘黑比诺’3个酿酒葡萄品种不同营养系果实品质比较分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为有效发挥酿酒优良品种‘品丽珠’、‘西拉’和‘黑比诺’不同营养系的优点,为选育果实中酚类物质含量较高的营养系提供依据,分别以‘品丽珠’3个营养系、‘西拉’2个营养系和‘黑比诺’2个营养系成熟果实为材料,取样测定其单穗重、单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量、皮肉比(果皮与果肉质量比)、出汁率,示差比色法测定果皮中的总花色苷含量,比色法测定果皮、果肉和种子中的总酚、单宁、总类黄酮和原花色素含量。结果表明,‘品丽珠’、‘西拉’和‘黑比诺’果实品质存在品种差异,各营养系间也存在差异。‘黑比诺115’果皮和果肉中酚类物质含量较高,而‘黑比诺667’种子中较高;‘西拉100’果皮总花色苷、原花色素、果肉单宁和种子总类黄酮含量较高;‘品丽珠327’果皮总花色苷、果肉总酚和单宁、种子中原花色素含量较高,‘品丽珠c214’种子中总酚、单宁和总类黄酮含量较高,‘品丽珠409’果皮总类黄酮、原花色素和果肉中总类黄酮含量较高。 相似文献
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为筛选出酚类物质含量高且具有较高抗氧化活性的酿酒葡萄种质资源,分别以4个红色和4个白色酿酒葡萄成熟果实为材料,比色法测定果皮、果肉和种子中的总酚、单宁、总类黄酮、原花色素和黄烷醇含量,以总还原力、DPPH自由基、ABTS+·自由基清除能力评价其抗氧化能力。结果表明,各品种果皮、果肉和种子中各酚类物质含量具有明显差异,但均以果肉中含量最低。红色品种果皮和种子中酚类物质含量均高于白色品种（‘小白玫瑰455’除外）,其中以‘黑比诺667’中总酚、单宁和总类黄酮含量最高,而果皮原花色素和黄烷醇含量以‘蛇龙珠’最高,种子原花色素含量以‘法国蓝’最高。白色品种中,‘小芒森’果皮各酚类物质含量均最低,而种子中含量以‘小白玫瑰455’最高。各葡萄品种果皮和种子的抗氧化能力和其总酚、单宁、总类黄酮、原花色素和黄烷醇含量之间均为显著正相关,相关系数在0.8383~0.9983,而果肉中的相关性较弱。选用的3种方法对葡萄果实抗氧化活性进行评价时,测定结果在不同方法间存在协同性与差异性。 相似文献
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‘赤霞珠’和‘梅露辄’不同营养系果实不同部位酚类物质含量的比较分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为有效发挥酿酒优良品种‘赤霞珠’和‘梅露辄’不同营养系的优点,为选育果实中酚类物质含量较高的营养系提供依据,分别以‘赤霞珠’和‘梅露辄’葡萄品种的4个营养系成熟果实为材料,取样测定其单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量,示差比色法测定果皮中的总花色苷含量,比色法测定果皮、果肉和种子中的总酚、单宁、总类黄酮和原花色素含量。结果表明,‘赤霞珠’和‘梅露辄’各营养系浆果单粒重无显著差异;‘赤霞珠’4个营养系中,‘赤霞珠170’和‘赤霞珠338’的可溶性固形物含量分别为最高和最低,‘赤霞珠338’和‘赤霞珠685’的可滴定酸含量分别为最高和最低;‘梅露辄’4个营养系中,可滴定酸含量最低的是‘梅露辄181’,最高的是‘梅露辄346’。各营养系果粒果皮、果肉和种子中各酚类含量具有明显差异;‘赤霞珠338’果皮总酚、单宁、总类黄酮和原花色素含量均最高,而种子中各含量均最高的是‘赤霞珠169’;‘梅露辄’4个营养系中,‘梅鹿辄348’果皮总酚、单宁和花色苷含量最高,而种子中含量最高的是‘梅露辄181’。‘赤霞珠’和‘梅鹿辄’果实品质存在品种差异,各营养系间也存在差异,酚类物质含量以果皮中较高,果肉中最低。‘赤霞珠338’果皮和‘赤霞珠169’种子中总酚、单宁、总类黄酮和原花色素含量均最高,而‘梅鹿辄348’果皮中总酚、单宁和花色苷含量最高,‘梅鹿辄181’种子中总酚和单宁含量最高。 相似文献
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利用同源克隆方法, 在芥菜型油菜中克隆了DFR基因。在DNA和cDNA中扩增的DFR基因大小分别为 1 612 bp和1 214 bp。该基因含有5个内含子, 开放阅读框为1 158 bp, 预计编码385个氨基酸, 预测分子量为42 886.0 Da, 推测的等电点为5.54。DFR基因在芥菜型油菜紫叶芥和黑籽近等基因系的叶片、胚和种皮中都表达, 在四川黄籽中只在叶片和胚中表达。DFR基因在四川黄籽种皮中不表达, 导致种皮中花色素和原花色素不能合成, 从而种皮透明, 形成黄籽, 因此DFR基因是油菜种皮颜色形成途径中一个关键基因。本研究为利用该基因与种子、种皮特异启动子构建反义表达载体或RNAi载体, 阐明油菜种皮颜色形成的分子机理和创造黄籽油菜新种质奠定了基础。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜胚色素成分的QTL定位 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以甘蓝型黄籽油菜GH06和甘蓝型黑籽油菜中油821为亲本杂交,后代通过“一粒传法”连续自交7代构建重组自交系, 2007年分别在重庆市北碚区和万州区两个试验基地种植重组自交系群体, 利用本实验室已构建的遗传连锁图谱和复合区间作图法(CIM), 分析种胚色素的4种主要成分的QTL。结果共检测到31个QTL, 分别位于14个不同的连锁群, 其中5个花色素含量有QTL, 分别位于第1、5、10、16和20连锁群,单个QTL解释表型变异的6.08%~11.67%;10个类黄酮含量有QTL, 分别位于第1、3、6、7、12、20和25连锁群,单个QTL解释表型变异的4.48%~11.10%;8个总酚含量有QTL, 分别位于第1、2、12、16和20连锁群,单个QTL解释表型变异的5.24%~10.37%;8个黑色素含量检测到QTL, 分别位于第5、8、10、12、14和22连锁群,单个QTL解释表型变异的5.44%~11.32%。解释表型变异大于10%的5个QTL, 包括2个类黄酮含量QTL, 花色素含量、总酚含量和黑色素含量QTL各1个,它们分别解释11.10%、10.20%、11.67%、10.37%和11.32%的表型变异。研究结果表明胚色素表现为多基因控制的数量性状, 基因表达受环境影响较大, 胚与种皮色素的QTL吻合度不高, 推测种皮和胚色素合成可能受不同遗传体系控制, 与这些QTL紧密相关的分子标记可以用于胚主要色素的分子标记辅助选择。 相似文献
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甘蓝型黄籽油菜种皮色素分析研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以不同来源的51份甘蓝型黄籽油菜种质为材料,对粒重、色泽、种皮主要色素含量等主要性状的研究表明:种质间千粒重差异大,变幅在1.54～4.76g之间,平均为3.65g,多数集中在3.4～3.8g之间;影响种皮色泽的主要是黑色素和花色素;根据其含量的不同,可分为高花色素类、高黑色素类和低色素类3个类群;颜色等级与千粒重种子呈显著正相关,与黑色素呈极显著负相关,与花色素的含量呈显著正相关[1]。 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
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Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献