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1.
北京黑白花乳牛蹄底角质中25种元素含量的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本实验采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪,在1987年春、秋两季对北京某牛场的黑白花成年乳牛蹄底角质中25种元素(K、Na、S、Ca、P、Mg、Mn、Mo、Cu、Zn、Fe、I、Se、Co、Cd、Cr、Ni、B、Al、Si、Ti、Ba、Ph、As、Hg)进行了测定,并对春、秋季正形蹄与变形蹄、正形蹄与病变蹄,以及春秋正形蹄、变形蹄之间做了对比,还测定了饲料地的土壤、水和饲料中25种元素的含量,与国内外有关资料的结果进行了对比,初步探讨了某牛场成乳牛中正形蹄蹄底角质中25种元素的含量,指出春秋两季正形蹄蹄底角质中25种元素的含量是有差异的,春季正形蹄与变形蹄相比各元素差异均不显著;秋季变形蹄含Mg量显著高于正形蹄,含Ca、Al、Cd和Ti量显著低于正形蹄;春季病变蹄含K、Fe、Mn、Cu、Mg、Al、Ti、Se、I、Pb、Hg量显著高于正形蹄。本文首次提出北京黑白花乳牛正形蹄蹄底角质中Ca、P比值,春季是5.822/1,秋季是6.253/1。此牛场乳牛饮水中Hg含量过高是环境污染的结果。本文为今后进一步研究北京黑白花乳牛蹄角质与元素的关系提供了临床参考的依据。 相似文献
2.
Multielement assays of canine serum, liver, and kidney by inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H D Stowe W E Braselton M Slanker J B Kaneene 《American journal of veterinary research》1986,47(4):822-827
Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy was used to measure Al, As, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Mo, P, K, Se, Na, Tl, and Zn in canine specimens (70 serum, 270 liver, and 200 kidney). Mean concentrations of each of these elements in detectable amounts in these samples were established, and histograms of the concentration distributions of elements in the samples were developed. 相似文献
3.
Asano R Suzuki K Otsuka T Otsuka M Sakurai H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(7):607-610
Concentrations of trace elements (As, Al, Pb, Cd, Hg, Se, Si, P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni and Mn) in the mane hair obtained from 9 female and 15 male healthy racing Thoroughbred horses aged 2-5 years were analyzed by the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) method. No significant differences between the female and male horses were observed in the mean concentrations of those minerals. Significantly positive correlations with age were observed in Cd (r=0.546, p<0.01) and Mo (r=0.733, p<0.001). Significantly negative correlations with age were observed in Hg (r= -0.726, p<0.001), Mn (r= -0.450, p<0.05) and Fe (r=-0.642, p<0.01). This reference range of trace elements in the mane hair of racing horses should be used to assess disease and the nutritional status in equine practice. 相似文献
4.
A. Al-Waeli E. Zoidis C.A. Georgiou K. Fegeros G. Zervas 《British poultry science》2012,53(6):817-827
1. The study was part of a project designed to investigate if organic selenium (Se) can ameliorate the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd). The main objective of the present study was to investigate, in the chicken, the interactions between Se, Cd and the following elements: Sb, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, V and Zn. 2. A total of 300 1-d-old chickens (broilers) were randomly distributed among 4 dietary treatments with 5 replicate pens per treatment. In T1, chickens were fed on a diet with 0·3?mg/kg added Se, without added Cd. In T2, chickens were fed on a diet with 0·3?mg/kg Se and 10?mg/kg Cd. In T3, chickens were fed on a diet with 0·3?mg/kg Se and 100?mg/kg of Cd added and in T4 treatment, chickens were fed on a diet with 3?mg/kg Se and 100?mg/kg Cd added. Se was added as Se-yeast. Cd was added as cadmium chloride (CdCl2). On d 28 and 42, two chickens per replicate pen were killed for collection of whole blood, liver, kidney and breast muscle samples. Samples were analysed by ICP-MS. The data were analysed using a multivariate linear model. 3. While low Cd concentrations in the diet led only to an increase of Cd concentration in the examined tissues, addition of high concentrations of Cd increased the concentration of Cd, Cu, Sb and V and decreased that of Se, Mn and Fe. Addition of high Se concentrations did not significantly reduce Cd concentration. 4. Prior to model application, correlations of 78 elements were noted, while after model application 39 correlations were noted. Most notably, Cd was correlated with Ca, Co, Cu and Mg, while Se was correlated with Mn. 5. The present study revealed several correlations between essential, probably essential and toxic elements illustrating the importance of the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. 相似文献
5.
上海地区青贮玉米主要营养成分分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对上海地区8个牧场的青贮玉米主要营养成分分析表明，平均干物质含量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维分别为20.54%、10.45%、4.41%、7.10%、58.10%和37.14%。常量元素钙、磷、镁、钾、钠和氯含量分别为0.79%、0.17%、0.28%、1.16%、0.05%和0.83%。微量元素硒、锌、铁、铜和锰含量分别为0.05、30、475、8和57mg/kg。经计算，总可消化养分和产奶净能（3倍于维持水平）分别为65.37%和1.44Mcal/kg。干物质含量和能量水平较低，中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量偏高，但蛋白质和矿物元素含量丰富。 相似文献
6.
新疆放牧绵羊的限制性矿物质元素调查 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过新疆5个羊场矿物质元素营养的研究，以了解新疆全年草场有关矿物元素的变化情况，缺乏程度及缺乏时间。研究表明：5个羊场中牧草含P量在秋草场至冬草场均表现缺乏。含Na量在塔城种羊场一年四季草场均缺乏，在阿勒泰二牧场冬、春、夏草场Na出现明显缺乏，而在秋草场又明显超出需要量；在巩乃斯种羊场春、夏草场明显缺乏，冬、牧草场又明显超量。5个羊场牧草含Se、Zn量的测定值明显低于需要量。而含Fe量在5个羊场中都不同程度地超过最高限量。牧草中元素Fe与Mn之间存在措抗作用；Mo、Cu比例少于1：4，绵羊体内仍表现缺Cu症。通过全面分析对比，初步确定在新疆5个种羊场天然草场上放牧的羊群，存在着P、Na、Zn、Mn、Se和Cu6种限制性矿物元素季节性营养紊乱现象。 相似文献
7.
Study of the soil-plant (carrot)-animal cycle of nutritive and hazardous minerals in a rabbit model.
A Bersényi S Fekete I Hullár I Kádár M Szilágyi R Glávits M Kulcsár M Mézes L Z?ldág 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》1999,47(2):181-190
Carrots were grown on soils polluted by heavy metal salts. Each particular microelement reached a high concentration [molybdenum (Mo) 39.00, cadmium (Cd) 2.30, lead (Pb) 4.01, mercury (Hg) 30.00, and selenium (Se) 36.20 mg/kg dry matter] in the carrot. In a metabolic balance trial conducted with 15 male and 15 female New Zealand White rabbits, the control animals (n = 5) were fed ad libitum with concentrate as basal diet, while the other rabbits received the basal diet and carrots containing the particular microelement. Blood samples were taken to determine the activity of serum enzymes. To investigate the metabolism of Mo, Cd, Pb, Hg and Se, samples were taken from the heart, liver, lungs, kidneys, spleen, ovaries/testicles, entire digestive tract, adipose tissue, femur, hair, faeces and urine. Carrot had significantly higher digestibility for all nutrients than the rabbit concentrate. Carrot samples of high Pb content had the lowest digestibility of crude protein. The microelements differed in their rate of accumulation in the organs examined: Mo and Cd accumulated in the kidneys, Pb in the kidneys, liver, bones and lungs, Hg in the kidneys and liver, while Se in the liver, kidneys and heart. The proportions of microelements eliminated from the body either via the faeces and urine (Mo 80.18% and Se 47.41%) or via the faeces (Cd 37.86%, Pb 66.39%, Hg 64.65%) were determined. Pathohistological examination revealed that the rate of spermatogenesis was reduced in the Mo, Cd, Pb and Hg groups compared to the control. Lead, Cd and Hg intake resulted in a considerable decrease in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and in an increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity because of damages to the kidneys and bones. All experimental treatments decreased the activity of cholinesterase (CHE) because of lesions in the liver. 相似文献
8.
青藏高原东北缘放牧草地土壤矿物元素含量及分布特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为科学评价放牧草地土壤矿物元素含量、分布特征以及对土-草-畜矿物生态系统的潜在影响,对青藏高原东北缘的4个县(天祝、大通、玛曲、若尔盖)的土壤特征和矿物元素进行分析调查。共计采集256个来自该地区不同土壤类型(高山草甸土、亚高山草甸土、沼泽土)的表层土壤样品,分析了土壤中11种矿物元素的有效含量(Ca、P、S、K、Mg、Na、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu和Co)和2种矿物元素(Mo和Se)全部含量。分析发现,土壤中多数矿物元素含量随着地区和土壤类型的不同而表现出一定的差异性,土壤中多数矿物元素含量与土壤有机碳和全氮呈显著正相关,相反与土壤pH有一定的负相关性。土壤中矿物元素磷和镁的有效含量均低于动物可能出现缺乏的临界值,土壤中全量硒的含量严重低于动物硒缺乏的临界值。土壤中磷、镁、硒的缺乏可能会引起该地区放牧家畜该矿物元素缺乏。另外,土壤中元素铁的有效含量远高于推荐值,土壤铁的含量过高可以引起牧草中铁的含量上升,进而影响家畜对其他元素的吸收。然而,要确认家畜是否存在该类矿物元素缺乏和不平衡问题,还需要进一步分析该地区牧草和家畜组织矿物元素含量以及家畜的生产力水平。 相似文献
9.
The effects of feeding Cd to sheep at a level that is typical of polluted regions were investigated, as well as possible amelioration by adding Zn to the diet. Welsh Mountain ewes (n = 24) were fed herb-age and concentrate in metabolism crates, with four supplement treatments in a two-factor factorial design: no supplement, Cd supplement only, Zn supplement only, and a combination of both the Cd and Zn supplement. Cadmium (286 microg/kg of feed DMI) and Zn (8.6 mg/kg feed DMI) were added as sulfates. Food and water intakes and element balances were recorded over 20 d after 7 d dietary adaptation, and element concentrations were determined in wool samples. Neither metal affected DMI or digestibility (P > 0.15), but water intake (P = 0.001) and urine output (P = 0.03) were decreased when only the Zn supplement was added. Water retention was increased by the Cd supplement (P = 0.04). In wool, the Cd supplement greatly increased the K concentration if no Zn supplement was fed (P = 0.02), and the Zn supplement decreased Mn concentration (P = 0.02). Cadmium in feed increased the Cd balance and produced several mineral disturbances, in particular a decrease in Na balance that is typical of renal tubular disorders. Adding Zn as well as Cd to feed returned the Cd balance to a level similar to that of sheep receiving neither Cd nor Zn, which suggests that Zn status is critical in determining whether Cd in feed increases the Cd balance in sheep. Feeding Cd also increased urinary K, Fe, Mo, Cr, B, and Ca concentrations, even when supplementary Zn was fed. It is concluded that low levels of Cd in sheep feed can increase the Cd balance if adequate Zn is not provided, which can lead to subclinical mineral disturbances and changes in the mineral concentrations in wool. 相似文献
10.
The objective was to evaluate the content of P, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn, Se, and Mn in soil, forage, and serum of horses in several production units (PU) during rainy and dry seasons and predict their concentration in serum from their content in soil and forage. Soil and pastures were sampled in the dry (November–December) and in rainy seasons (June–July), and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 76 horses in both seasons at four PU. The experimental design was a completely random design within a 4 × 2 (PU × season) factorial arrangement of treatments. Concentration of minerals in soil differed (P < .05) among PU, and contents of P, Ca, Mg, and K were low; Zn and Fe were high; and Cu and Mn were adequate. Mineral concentrations in forage differed among PU and season, and among PU within season (interaction P < .05). Contents of Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, and Cu were low; Fe was high; and P, K, Se, and Mn adequate. The mineral concentration in equine blood serum differed (P < .05) among PU and season. Overall, there were deficiencies of P, Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, and Se, but adequate amounts of K, Zn, and Fe. There are imbalances of minerals in soil and forages which effected their concentration inequine blood. 相似文献
11.
沙枣中几种金属元素含量分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要:采用灰化、消化方法对沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)进行处理,应用火焰原子吸收光谱法对沙枣果实消化液中的Na、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Ni、Mn、Cd 9种金属元素的含量进行分析测定。研究确定了测定不同元素时仪器的最佳工作条件、方法的准确性及精密度。结果表明,Ca、Na、Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu、Ni、Mn含量分别为137.60、48.25、88.40、4.06、1.87、6.21、2.50和0.02 μg/g,Cd未检出。方法的加标平均回收率在98.5%~105.5%,精密度值在0.54%~1.78%。方法简便快速、结果准确可靠,能达到分析要求。 相似文献
12.
G van Selm J S Rook M Slanker P C Bartlett W E Braselton 《American journal of veterinary research》1988,49(6):960-964
During the 1986 lambing season, 33 Michigan sheep producers submitted all lambs that had died before weaning to the Michigan State University Diagnostic Laboratory for necropsy. Inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectroscopy was used to measure 22 elements in the liver of 888 of the lambs submitted. Mean concentrations of each element were established and compared with literature values of established deficient, normal, and toxic concentrations. Mean values in milligrams per kilogram of wet weight were as follows: Al, 3.843; As, less than 1; Ba, 0.176; Ca, 128.2; Cr, 0.778; Cu, 56.82; Fe, 491.6; Hg, less than 2; K, 2,150; Mg, 138.4; Mn, 2.776; Mo, 0.489; Na, 1,384; P, 2,583; Pb, 1,453; Sb, less than 1; Tl, less than 5; Zn, 68.31. In only 11 lambs did the liver contain As, B, Cd, Co, Hg, Sb, Se, or Tl in detectable concentrations. 相似文献
13.
牛奶中微量元素的含量是乳制品安全和质量的重要组成部分。如牛奶中低含量的铬是人体必需的微量元素,超过一定含量后就会对人体的健康造成危害。作者建立了用电感耦合等离子体质谱（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS）检测生鲜乳中Fe、K、Ca、Na、Mg、Ag、Al、As、Ba、Be、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、Se、Tl、V、Zn、Th、U、Hg和Sn的新方法。采用微波消解法破坏牛奶中的有机物,利用ICP-MS法测定其含量,分析元素的同位素一般选择丰度最大的,除非存在相同质量原子簇和同量异位素的干扰。该方法验证采用国家标准物质脱脂奶粉GBW 08509和加标回收2种方法,试验证明在内标溶液中加入异丙醇能消除积碳的干扰,且对样品中砷和硒等元素测定的精确度和重现性也大为改善。 相似文献
14.
本试验对三江源区不同高寒草地植物中6种矿物元素（钾K,钙Ca,钠Na,镁Mg,锌Zn,铁Fe）的含量进行了测定和分析,结果表明：植物中K元素含量为7.314～12.803 g·kg-1之间,Ca元素含量为2.851～6.823 g·kg-1之间,Na元素含量为64.404～185.553 mg·kg-1之间,Mg元素含量为1.272～2.655 g·kg-1之间,Zn元素含量为14.718～51.387 mg·kg-1之间,Fe元素含量为161.056～531.677 mg·kg-1之间;豆科（Leguminosae）植物和杂类草（Forbs）矿物元素含量显著高于禾本科（Gramineae）和莎草科（Cyperaceae）植物;植物中K元素与Mg元素、Ca元素与Na元素、Ca元素与Zn元素、Na元素与Zn元素含量之间呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）,Ca元素与Fe元素、Mg元素与Fe元素之间呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）;根据美国国家研究理事会（National research council,NRC）绵羊日粮矿物元素需求标准,三江源区各草地植物中Na,Zn元素相对缺乏,其它4种元素均能满足放牧藏羊的矿物营养需求。 相似文献
15.
M. Clauss S. Lang‐Deuerling E. Kienzle E. P. Medici J. Hummel 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2009,93(6):768-776
To test whether mineral recommendations for horses are likely to guarantee adequate mineral provision for tapirs (Tapirus spp.), we investigated the apparent absorption (aA) of macro and micro‐minerals in 18 tapirs from five zoological institutions in a total of 24 feeding trials with total faecal collection. Samples of feeds and faeces were analysed for Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, Cu and Zn. The resulting aA coefficients and the linear relationships of apparently absorbable dietary mineral content to total dietary mineral content (per 100 g dry matter) were compared with data for domestic horses. While there were no apparent differences in the absorption patterns for P, K, Na, Fe, Cu or Zn, the absorption of both Ca and Mg was distinctively higher in tapirs than in horses. Tapirs are browsers that are adapted to a diet of higher Ca content and higher Ca:P ratio than equids, and high absorptive efficiency for Ca might have evolved to ensure that high dietary Ca concentrations do not lead to the binding of dietary P in the intestine, making it unavailable for hindgut microbes. Similar to other hindgut fermenters, in tapirs, absorption coefficients for Ca increased with dietary Ca:P ratio, and urinary Ca:creatinine ratios increased with dietary Ca. Several zoo diets used were deficient in one or more minerals. When compared with faeces of free‐ranging animals, faeces of zoo animals had higher concentrations of most minerals, probably indicating a lesser diluting effect of indigestible fibre in zoo animals. 相似文献
16.
Two metabolism trials were conducted to determine the effect of altering dietary Na and K on Mg availability. Three dietary treatments (normal K-normal Na, high K-normal Na and high K-high Na) were imposed upon nine crossbred wether lambs in a randomized block design. Each trial consisted of a 5-d diet adjustment, a 10-d preliminary period and a 5-d collection of feed, feces and urine. Increasing K and Na intake increased the percentage of Mg excreted in feces. Both elevated K and K-Na depressed (P less than .10) urinary Mg excretion, primarily a reflection of depressed Mg absorption in animals fed these diets. Apparent K absorption and retention increased when animals were supplemented with K. Addition of Na to the diet did not alter absorption or retention of K. Apparent K and Na availability increased when K and Na supplements were included in the diet. This increased availability resulted from increased total absorbed K and Na compared with a fixed endogenous excretion. Calcium balance in lambs was not affected by addition of K or Na. Lambs were able to absorb enough Mg from their respective diet to maintain normal serum Mg levels. Addition of Na to a diet high in K did not enhance Mg absorption in lambs. 相似文献
17.
18.
Role of sulfur and chloride in the dietary cation-anion balance equation for lactating dairy cattle 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
W B Tucker J F Hogue D F Waterman T S Swenson Z Xin R W Hemken J A Jackson G D Adams L J Spicer 《Journal of animal science》1991,69(3):1205-1213
Ten Holstein cows averaging 120 d in lactation were arranged in replicated 5 x 5 Latin squares with 3-wk periods to evaluate the role of sulfur (S) in the dietary cation-anion balance equation. Diets were based on corn silage in Exp. 1 and sorghum silage in Exp. 2. Supplemental S and chloride (Cl) from the double sulfate of potassium and magnesium and CaCl2 were used to manipulate dietary cation-anion balance from 0 to +30 meq when expressed as meq [(Na + K)-(Cl + S)]/100 g diet DM and from +19 to +49 meq when expressed as meq [(Na + K)-Cl]/100 g diet DM. Blood pH was not affected by cation-anion balance, although both S and Cl supplementation tended to lower pH. Blood HCO3- and urine pH decreased and plasma calcium (Ca) and urinary Ca excretion increased as anion was added to the diet. Milk fat production tended to be increased by the low S supplementation. Dietary Cl and S had similar effects on acid-base status. Therefore, we suggest that S be included with Cl in the dietary cation-anion balance equation for lactating dairy cows as follows: meq [(Na + K)-(Cl + S)]/100 g diet DM. Although response of acid-base status to S and Cl was similar, as more data comparing the acidogenicity of S vs Cl become available, it may be necessary to include a modifying coefficient for S in the equation to adjust for differences between S and Cl in acid-generating potential. This coefficient may be further dependent on the dietary source of S. 相似文献
19.
新鲜绵羊粪尿对土壤和植物矿物质元素含量影响的试验于 1998年在贵州高原草地试验站进行。结果表明 ,绵羊新鲜粪尿加入土壤后 ,土壤 K呈波浪型升高。 K又显著影响土壤 Ca、Fe和Mn的浓度及土壤 p H值。土壤 Na水平呈下降趋势。土壤中 Ca含量与土壤可交换性亚硝态氮和硝态氮显著相关。土壤 Mg的变化不如其他元素变化明显。土壤 Cu受 Ca、Fe和亚硝态氮及硝态氮的影响显著。土壤 Zn比试验前有所下降 ,其含量与土壤铵态氮和亚硝态氮呈显著负相关 ,而与土壤Na、Mg和 Cu呈显著正相关。土壤 Fe在整个试验过程中呈上升趋势 ,UDT处理几乎呈直线上升。土壤 Mn的变化和土壤 K有显著正相关 ,还与铵态氮相关极显著 (R=0 .80 51,P<0 .0 1)。绵羊新鲜粪尿使植物体内 Fe、Zn水平降低 ,但促进植物 Mn的含量升高 ,而对植物 Cu水平影响最小。结果还表明 ,植物体内 K含量受土壤 Cu和 Na的抑制 ,同时还与植物吸收 Mg、Na和 Fe发生拮抗作用 ,促进了植物 Ca的吸收。植物吸收 Na与土壤 Na的浓度显著相关 ,但受到植物吸收 K、Ca和 Mn的抑制。植物 Ca水平与降雨及植物体内 Fe水平呈显著负相关 ,而与土壤可交换性铵态氮和植物体内 K、Mg含量呈显著正相关。植物体内 Mg含量受土壤可交换性铵态氮和硝态氮的显著影响 ,但受土壤 Ca的抑制 相似文献
20.
Ali Ahmed Derar Derar R. Abdel-Elmoniem Essam M. Almundarij Tariq I. 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(5):1167-1172
Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aim of this study was to investigate the profiles of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe), and... 相似文献