共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
We demonstrate a quantum coherent electron spin filter by directly measuring the spin polarization of emitted current. The spin filter consists of an open quantum dot in an in-plane magnetic field; the in-plane field gives the two spin directions different Fermi wavelengths resulting in spin-dependent quantum interference of transport through the device. The gate voltage is used to select the preferentially transmitted spin, thus setting the polarity of the filter. This provides a fully electrical method for the creation and detection of spin-polarized currents. Polarizations of emitted current as high as 70% for both spin directions (either aligned or anti-aligned with the external field) are observed. 相似文献
2.
In a conventional material, the coherent Cerenkov radiation due to a moving charged particle is associated with a velocity threshold, a forward-pointing radiation cone, and a forward direction of emission. We describe different behavior for the Cerenkov radiation in a photonic crystal. In particular, this radiation is intrinsically coupled with transition radiation and is observable without any threshold. Within one particle-velocity range, we found a radiation pattern with a backward-pointing radiation cone. In another velocity range, backward-propagating Cerenkov radiation can be expected. Potential applications include velocity-sensitive particle detection and radiation generation at selectable frequencies. 相似文献
3.
We have detected a spin-dependent displacement perpendicular to the refractive index gradient for photons passing through an air-glass interface. The effect is the photonic version of the spin Hall effect in electronic systems, indicating the universality of the effect for particles of different nature. Treating the effect as a weak measurement of the spin projection of the photons, we used a preselection and postselection technique on the spin state to enhance the original displacement by nearly four orders of magnitude, attaining sensitivity to displacements of approximately 1 angstrom. The spin Hall effect can be used for manipulating photonic angular momentum states, and the measurement technique holds promise for precision metrology. 相似文献
4.
High-throughput screening for genetic analysis, combinatorial chemistry, and clinical diagnostics benefits from multiplexing, which allows for the simultaneous assay of several analytes but necessitates an encoding scheme for molecular identification. Current approaches for multiplexed analysis involve complicated or expensive processes for encoding, functionalizing, or decoding active substrates (particles or surfaces) and often yield a very limited number of analyte-specific codes. We present a method based on continuous-flow lithography that combines particle synthesis and encoding and probe incorporation into a single process to generate multifunctional particles bearing over a million unique codes. By using such particles, we demonstrate a multiplexed, single-fluorescence detection of DNA oligomers with encoded particle libraries that can be scanned rapidly in a flow-through microfluidic channel. Furthermore, we demonstrate with high specificity the same multiplexed detection using individual multiprobe particles. 相似文献
5.
Grigera SA Gegenwart P Borzi RA Weickert F Schofield AJ Perry RS Tayama T Sakakibara T Maeno Y Green AG Mackenzie AP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5699):1154-1157
Condensed systems of strongly interacting electrons are ideal for the study of quantum complexity. It has become possible to promote the formation of new quantum phases by explicitly tuning systems toward special low-temperature quantum critical points. So far, the clearest examples have been appearances of superconductivity near pressure-tuned antiferromagnetic quantum critical points. We present experimental evidence for the formation of a nonsuperconducting phase in the vicinity of a magnetic field-tuned quantum critical point in ultrapure crystals of the ruthenate metal Sr3Ru2O7, and we discuss the possibility that the observed phase is due to a spin-dependent symmetry-breaking Fermi surface distortion. 相似文献
6.
针对回归型支持向量机(SVR)参数选取影响模型性能的问题,提出融合细菌觅食算法趋化操作的改进粒子群混合算法(C-IPSO),以优化SVR的惩罚参数和核参数。同时,为了实现对温室环境的精细控制,结合温室作物生长环境因子,建立一种基于趋化-改进粒子群算法优化的回归型支持向量机温室光合速率预测模型。以温室番茄幼苗期、开花期、结果期为例,与支持向量机和基本粒子群算法优化的支持向量机分别建立的模型进行实验对比。结果发现：建立的三个生长期光合速率预测模型的光合速率实测值和预测值的决定系数分别为0.954 8、0.985 4和0.951 5,均比另外两个预测模型更接近于1,表明该模型预测效果均更佳,并证明了所提算法的有效性,为指导温室环境根据作物光合需求进行精准调控提供了理论基础。 相似文献
7.
Ambient optical detection of labeled molecules is limited for fluorescent dyes by photobleaching and for semiconducting nanoparticles by "blinking" effects. Because nanometer-sized metal particles do not optically bleach, they may be useful optical labels if suitable detection signals can be found. We demonstrate far-field optical detection of gold colloids down to diameters of 2.5 nanometers with a photothermal method that combines high-frequency modulation and polarization interference contrast. The photothermal image is immune to the effects of scattering background, which limits particle imaging through Rayleigh scattering to diameters larger than 40 nanometers. 相似文献
8.
提出一种基于粒子群优化算法和小波变换的无限制文本倾斜检查方法.首先对扫描的文本图像进行小波变换,然后利用小波变换的水平细节子带提取反映图像倾斜的特征,作为粒子群优化算法的适应度函数.最后利用粒子群优化算法在-90°到90°区间进行搜索,得到准确的倾斜角度.由于采用了小波变换,一方面降低了PSO搜索的计算量,又能更好地反映倾斜特征.实验结果表明,该方法能快速准确地检测出各类文本图像的倾斜角度,并具有很好的适应性,不受语言、字体、字号和非文本图形等因素的影响.最后还讨论了粒子数目、迭代次数和适应度函数对算法性能的影响. 相似文献
9.
Heterogeneous nucleation experiments bridging the scale from molecular ion clusters to nanoparticles
Winkler PM Steiner G Vrtala A Vehkamäki H Noppel M Lehtinen KE Reischl GP Wagner PE Kulmala M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5868):1374-1377
Generation, investigation, and manipulation of nanostructured materials are of fundamental and practical importance for several disciplines, including materials science and medicine. Recently, atmospheric new particle formation in the nanometer-size range has been found to be a global phenomenon. Still, its detailed mechanisms are mostly unknown, largely depending on the incapability to generate and measure nanoparticles in a controlled way. In our experiments, an organic vapor (n-propanol) condenses on molecular ions, as well as on charged and uncharged inorganic nanoparticles, via initial activation by heterogeneous nucleation. We found a smooth transition in activation behavior as a function of size and activation to occur well before the onset of homogeneous nucleation. Furthermore, nucleation enhancement for charged particles and a substantial negative sign preference were quantitatively detected. 相似文献
10.
Self-assembled devices composed of periodic arrays of 10-nanometer-diameter cobalt nanocrystals display spin-dependent electron transport. Current-voltage characteristics are well described by single-electron tunneling in a uniform array. At temperatures below 20 kelvin, device magnetoresistance ratios are on the order of 10%, approaching the maximum predicted for ensembles of cobalt islands with randomly oriented preferred magnetic axes. Low-energy spin-flip scattering suppresses magnetoresistance with increasing temperature and bias-voltage. 相似文献
11.
基于HSV空间的玉米果穗性状的检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为高效检测玉米果穗性状,建立了基于HSV(色调、饱和度、明度值)空间的玉米果穗性状的检测方法:使用机器视觉技术采集绿色背景玉米果穗图像,用HSV直方图阈值算法去除绿色背景,用FFT滤波器去除尖锐边缘和噪声,运用粒子滤波分离单一图像中的多个玉米果穗图像,并采用形态学腐蚀方法,经过4次迭代腐蚀,得到玉米果穗中间3行;检测玉米果穗的大小、形状、纹理和颜色4个特征的性状。随机检测67张玉米果穗样本图像的结果表明,果穗大小和形状特征检测的准确率为100%,果穗颜色和纹理特征检测的准确率分别为98.55%和96.25%,平均每果穗检测时间为0.1 s。 相似文献
12.
在进行圆形目标检测时,通常采用基于Hough变换的方法,但这种方法计算量大、运算速度慢、对存储空间需求大.为此,提出了改进的Hough变换用于圆形目标检测,该方法在圆形目标定位时具有快速、稳定、准确的特点,可以满足实时性要求.在基于啤酒瓶生产线的实际数据集上验证了该算法的有效性. 相似文献
13.
基于AVR单片机的光阻法颗粒计数器，运用传感器技术、自动检测技术和通讯技术实现了光、机、电的一体化控制。该颗粒计数器智能化程度高、抗干扰能力强、检测准确快速。它完全满足对液压油污染状况的检测要求，可为操作人员提供稳定可靠的检测数据。 相似文献
14.
【目的】建立硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒体外释放度的测定方法,为控制肠溶缓释颗粒剂的质量及提高硝唑沙奈（NTZ）治疗畜禽肠道疾病的效果提供参考依据。【方法】采用转篮法[转速75r／min,温度（37．0±0．5）℃,释放介质前2h为750mL2％十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）0．1mol／mLHCl溶液,后加入250mL2％CTAB0．2mol／ml膦酸盐缓冲溶液,pH6．8,总体积1000mL]进行硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒的溶出试验,分别在不同时间点取样,以高效液相色谱一紫外检测（HPLC-UV）法测定峰面积,计算硝唑沙奈的体外累积释放度,并对释药模型进行拟合。【结果】硝唑沙奈及替唑尼特在2％CTAB0．1mol／mLHCl和2％CTAB磷酸盐缓冲液（pH6．8）两种介质中的卵论塔板数均大于3000,分离度均大于2．0。精密度试验、重复性试验、稳定性试验、回收率试验、释放度均一性试验等均表明,HPLC-UV法适用于硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒体外释放度的测定。硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒在前2h内的累积释放量〈10．0％,至24h 时释放度大于90．0％,符合药品释放度检测要求。硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒体外释放的最佳拟合模型为Higuchi模型。【结论】HPLC-UV法是测定硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒体外释放度的有效方法,具有准确可靠、重复性良好、同收率高的特点。 相似文献
15.
16.
【目的】建立硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒体外释放度的测定方法,为控制肠溶缓释颗粒剂的质量及提高硝唑沙奈（NTZ）治疗畜禽肠道疾病的效果提供参考依据。【方法】采用转篮法［转速75 r/min,温度（37.0±0.5）℃,释放介质前2 h为750 mL 2%十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB） 0.1 mol/mL HCl溶液,后加入250 mL 2% CTAB 0.2 mol/mL磷酸盐缓冲溶液,pH 6.8,总体积1000 mL］进行硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒的溶出试验,分别在不同时间点取样,以高效液相色谱—紫外检测（HPLC-UV）法测定峰面积,计算硝唑沙奈的体外累积释放度,并对释药模型进行拟合。【结果】硝唑沙奈及替唑尼特在2% CTAB 0.1 mol/mL HCl和2% CTAB磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 6.8）两种介质中的理论塔板数均大于3000,分离度均大于2.0。精密度试验、重复性试验、稳定性试验、回收率试验、释放度均一性试验等均表明,HPLC-UV法适用于硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒体外释放度的测定。硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒在前2 h内的累积释放量<10.0%,至24 h时释放度大于90.0%,符合药品释放度检测要求。硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒体外释放的最佳拟合模型为Higuchi模型。【结论】HPLC-UV法是测定硝唑沙奈肠溶缓释颗粒体外释放度的有效方法,具有准确可靠、重复性良好、回收率高的特点。 相似文献
17.
针对传统有机碳源使用费用高、易产生二次污染等问题,采用农业废弃物甘蔗渣作为碳源,开展甘蔗渣在不同pH、不同粒径、不同投加量条件下的单因素试验和在不同硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)投加量、不同甘蔗渣粒径及其不同投加量条件下的正交试验,研究碳源释放规律以及SRB利用甘蔗渣的最佳组合条件。结果表明,在pH值为7的体系、甘蔗渣粒径和投量分别为60目、3.5 g·100 mL~(-1)废水时,甘蔗渣中纤维素水解速率及葡萄糖水解速率均较慢,有利于还原糖的持续积累。在100 mL废水中,SRB投加量为71.2 mg、甘蔗渣粒径和投量分别为100目和4.5 g时,SO_4~(2-)去除效果最好、还原糖水解速率最小,为正交试验的最佳组合。在此组合条件下,甘蔗渣持续供给碳源96 h后,反应体系中SO_4~(2-)去除率和还原糖释放量仍分别高达75.23%、64.03 mg·g~(-1),氧化还原电位(ORP)低至-224 mV。 相似文献
18.
A theory is proposed for the formation and growth of particle dendrites on a collector placed in an aerosol or hydrosol stream. It is based on the interplay of two intrinsic properties of suspended particles: (i) their finite size and (ii) the randomness of the location of individual particles in the fluid stream. The results of simulations based on this theory resemble those obtained from experiments. 相似文献
19.
Johánek V Laurin M Grant AW Kasemo B Henry CR Libuda J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,304(5677):1639-1644
We show that coverage fluctuations on catalyst particles can drastically alter their macroscopic catalytic behavior. Scrutinizing the occurrence of kinetic bistabilities, it is demonstrated by molecular beam experiments on model catalysts that macroscopically observable bistabilities vanish completely with decreasing particle size, as previously predicted by theory. The effect is attributed to fluctuation-induced transitions between two kinetic reaction regimes, with a transition rate controlled by both particle size and surface defects. These results suggest that fluctuation-induced effects represent a general phenomenon affecting the reaction kinetics on nanostructured surfaces. 相似文献
20.
Armani AM Kulkarni RP Fraser SE Flagan RC Vahala KJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5839):783-787
Current single-molecule detection techniques require labeling the target molecule. We report a highly specific and sensitive optical sensor based on an ultrahigh quality (Q) factor (Q > 10(8)) whispering-gallery microcavity. The silica surface is functionalized to bind the target molecule; binding is detected by a resonant wavelength shift. Single-molecule detection is confirmed by observation of single-molecule binding events that shift the resonant frequency, as well as by the statistics for these shifts over many binding events. These shifts result from a thermo-optic mechanism. Additionally, label-free, single-molecule detection of interleukin-2 was demonstrated in serum. These experiments demonstrate a dynamic range of 10(12) in concentration, establishing the microcavity as a sensitive and versatile detector. 相似文献