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1.
能源甜高粱遗传改良研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
甜高粱是最有应用前景的再生能源作物之一,它的能源转换效率取决于植株总生物量和茎秆汁液含糖量的高低。探明决定甜高粱总生物量和茎秆汁液含糖量积累相关过程的生物学机制并开发相应分子标记,是选育生物能专用甜高粱品种的有效途径。本文从甜高粱糖分积累、遗传多样性研究、遗传图谱的构建、含糖量相关性状的定位及遗传工程研究等方面介绍了近年来甜高粱遗传研究进展。 相似文献
2.
基于形态学标记的云南小麦种质资源遗传多样性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用形态学标记对云南铁壳麦、地方品种和推广品种的遗传多样性进行了比较分析,以期为小麦种质资源利用和遗传育种提供依据.研究结果表明:云南铁壳麦在株高、结实小穗2个农艺性状上的变异系数在3个群体中最小;穗长的变异系数云南铁壳麦最大,推广品种最小;穗粒数的变异系数云南铁壳麦最小,地方品种最大.不实小穗的变异系数云南铁壳麦大于推广品种小于地方品种;云南铁壳麦的5个数量性状变异系数均小于总体水平.云南铁壳麦株高、穗长、结实小穗数遗传多样性指数最小,历史推广品种株高、不实小穗数、穗粒数遗传多样性指数最大,地方品种在穗长、结实小穗数遗传多样性指数最大,不实小穗数、穗粒数遗传多样性指数最小.从形态学标记聚类图中可以看出,地方品种聚类最为分散,云南铁壳麦次之,推广品种聚类最为集中,表明地方品种遗传基础多样性最丰富,云南铁壳麦次之,推广品种最窄. 相似文献
3.
冬小麦杂种后代(F_1F_2)粒重遗传的初步分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
小麦单位面积产量是由穗数、穗重决定的。在保证一定穗数的基础上,增加穗粒数和增加粒重是提高单产两种不同的途径,所以育种工作者十分注意大粒型品种的选育。但如何选育大粒型品种,对后代又怎样选择,都有赖于了解小麦粒重性状的遗传规律。我们在选育新品种实践中研究了冬小麦不同粒重品种杂交早期世代(F_1,F_2)粒重的遗传,并作了初步分析。 相似文献
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花生主要农艺性状的遗传模型分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究花生主要农艺性状的遗传模型,试验以6个花生品种组配的15个完全双列杂交组合为试验材料,进行3次重复的随机区组试验。结果表明:主茎高和饱果数的遗传符合加性遗传模型;果枝数的遗传符合加性-显性-上位性遗传模型;侧枝长、总分枝数、秕果数、百果重、百仁重、出米率和单株果重的遗传符合加性-显性遗传模型,侧枝长和总分枝数表现为部分显性到完全显性,秕果数、百果重和百仁重的遗传表现为完全显性到超显性,出米率的遗传表现为部分显性,单株果重的遗传表现为超显性。此外,还分析了各亲本中控制各性状遗传的显隐性基因比例。 相似文献
6.
黄淮麦区小麦产量和生理性状的遗传增益研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《种子》2014,(9)
研究品种更替过程中产量及其相关性状的变化规律对培育高产品种具有重要指导意义。利用1980~2005年间河南省育成的8个推广面积较大的品种为研究材料,于2010~2011年和2011~2012年间连续2年种植,分析了近25年河南主栽品种的产量变化趋势。研究结果表明,供试材料的产量和产量相关性状显著受环境和基因型及基因型与环境的影响。1980~2005年间河南小麦产量年遗传增益为63 kg/hm2,千粒重和收获指数显著改良,其中,千粒重年遗传增益为0.42 g,收获指数年遗传增益为0.29。株高随品种的选育年份呈显著降低趋势,平均每年降低株高0.42 cm。而单位面积(m2)穗数、穗粒数和生物学产量均无显著变化。说明近25年来河南小麦产量的提高主要通过提高粒重来完成,今后再通过降秆来提高收获指数已不再现实,应在进一步提高产量的同时适当放宽株高限制,提高茎秆质量的同时,加强改良新品种的收获指数。 相似文献
7.
高品质棉与抗虫棉杂交株型性状的遗传及与产量性状的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用增广NCⅡ设计,以5个高品质陆地棉品种（系）为母本,5个转基因抗虫棉品种（系）为父本组配的25个杂交组合为材料,研究主要株型性状的遗传效应、杂种优势及与产量性状的相关性。结果表明,株高、始果枝高、果枝数和果节数的平均中亲优势较小,但不同组合间差异较大,均符合加性遗传模型。遗传相关分析表明,株高与株铃数、单株皮棉重呈极显著正相关;果枝数与株铃数呈极显著正相关,与铃重呈极显著负相关;果节数与株铃数、衣分和单株皮棉重呈显著正相关。株型性状与产量性状间的关联性主要是由果节数与株铃数、铃重的相关引起。研究结果为高品质抗虫棉理想株型性状的选育与调控具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
8.
利用SSR标记分析黑龙江水稻区域试验品系的遗传多样性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用20个表型性状和51个SSR标记分析25份黑龙江省一积温带区域试验品系、20份21世纪推广品种和14份21世纪以前推广品种的的遗传多样性,共检测到92个表型变异和166个SSR等位基因,其中21世纪区试品系表型变异数和SSR等位基因数分别为64,142个(平均2.78个),21世纪推广品种表型变异数和等位基因数分别为78,126个(平均2.47个),21世纪以前推广品种表型变异数和等位基因数分别为82,127个(平均2.49个)。遗传变异主要存在于品种间(94%),群体之间(6%)差异较小。聚类分析将供试材料分为4类,21世纪区试品系形成了独立的类群,其SSR遗传多样性极显著高于21世纪以前和21世纪推广品种,但是黑龙江水稻遗传多样性相对于其他地区仍处于较低水平,应进一步拓宽遗传基础。 相似文献
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11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
18.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
19.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献
20.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献