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采用微卫星法,利用11对微卫星引物对黑龙江省松花江流域、吉林省图们江支流红旗河流域、吉林省白山市鸭绿江流域及吉林省图们江支流密江流域随机采集的94尾细鳞鱼样本进行遗传多样性分析,探讨4个不同流域细鳞鱼群体的遗传多样性差异及其亲缘关系。结果显示,4个群体共检测到等位基因147个,各群体有效等位基因数为1.6541~2.4143,平均观测杂合度为0.3849~0.5186,平均期望杂合度为0.3488~0.5003,4个群体平均多态信息含量为0.3320~0.4704。亲缘关系分析显示,红旗河流域群体与密江流域群体遗传距离最小(0.0954),亲缘关系最近。松花江流域群体与其他3个群体的遗传距离较大,亲缘关系较远。群体间相似指数在0.7112以上,相似性较高。 相似文献
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黑龙江和乌苏里江唇的微卫星引物筛选及群体遗传结构 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用鲤（Cyprinus carpio L．）（20对引物）和Hemibarbus mylodon（21对引物）共41对微卫星引物对黑龙江（逊克，XK）和乌苏里江（虎头，HT；海青，HQ）的3个野生唇[鱼骨]（Hemibarbus labeo）群体进行引物适合性研究，并将获得的多态性微卫星位点用于唇[鱼骨]群体遗传结构分析。引物筛选结果表明，5对鲤引物可对唇[鱼骨]扩增出条带，但产物均无多态性；11对H.mylodon引物能在唇鱼骨中成功扩增，10对引物（10个位点）的扩增产物具有多态性，其中7个位点为高度多态（PIC〉0．5）。对3个唇[鱼骨]群体进行遗传多样性分析，结果显示10个位点的平均杂合度为0．4834，共检测到96个等位基因（40个有效等位基因），以HT群体的遗传变异水平最高。卡方检验结果表明，8个位点在3个群体中不同程度地偏离遗传平衡（P〈0．05），且偏离平衡的位点均表现为杂合体缺失（Fis〉0）。3个群体两两间具有较多的基因交流（Nm〉11），以XK和HQ间最高（17．27），二者的遗传距离也最近（0．0497），群体间的遗传分化微弱（Fst=0．0236）。以上结果表明，H．mylodon的微卫星引物适合于唇[鱼骨]的群体遗传变异研究。黑龙江和乌苏里江的野生唇[鱼骨]资源受人为及环境因素的影响较大；3个群体间的遗传分化不明显，乌苏里江的HT群体更适合在人工繁殖计划中利用。[中国水产科学，2008，15（2）：230-236] 相似文献
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利用10个多态微卫星标记对中国海南三亚海域大珠母贝（Pinctada maxima）3个不同年代（2007、2009和2010）群体的遗传变异进行了分析,每个群体30个样品。10个位点共扩增出60个等位基因,平均每个位点6（2—8）个,3个群体分别丢失了1、2和4个稀有等位基因。平均期望杂合度（Hc）、平均多态信息含量（PIC）、平均Shannon多样性指数均呈下降趋势。各群体均存在一定程度的杂合子缺失。30个数据中（3个种群×10个位点）有18个偏离了Hardy—Weinberg平衡。两两群体间的平均近交系数（FIS）介于0．2273～0．2601之间,平均遗传分化指数（FST）介于0．0204～0．0462,遗传分化显著（P〈0．01）。结果表明,3个年代群体遗传多样性水平已经出现了逐渐降低的趋势,遗传结构存在显著差异,近交程度增加,因此,人工繁育工作中应注意避免近亲繁殖和遗传多样性的降低。 相似文献
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为了掌握元江鲤(Cyprinus carpio yuankiang)3个连续选育世代群体遗传结构变化情况,采用微卫星分子标记分析了群体遗传多样性水平和遗传结构。结果显示：15个微卫星位点在3个群体中共获得116个等位基因,平均7.73个/位点,每世代平均等位基因数从7.266 7减少至5.066 7,观测杂合度从0.768 0降低至0.758 5,多态信息含量从0.763 4降低至0.745 1,遗传多样性水平降低。相邻世代间的遗传距离从0.080 6减小至0.044 9,遗传相似性从0.846 4增加至0.874 7,遗传相似性逐步提高。相邻世代间的遗传分化系数(Fst)从0.068 1降低至0.023 0,世代间的遗传分化已处于低分化水平,人工选育已对元江鲤育种群体的遗传结构产生了显著影响。 相似文献
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长江流域铜鱼和圆口铜鱼的遗传多样性 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用线粒体DNA控制区序列多态性分析了长江流域铜鱼（Coreius heterodon）和圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）各4个群体的遗传结构；同时利用9对自行开发的多态性微卫星标记分析圆口铜鱼4个群体的遗传结构。结果显示，铜鱼线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop序列共检出22个多态位点，28种单倍型，平均单倍型多样性指数（h）和核苷酸多样性指数（7r）分别为0．849和0．00257。圆口铜鱼线粒体DNA（mtDNA）D-loop序列共检出18个多态位点，28种单倍型，平均单倍型多样性指数和核苷酸多样性指数分别为0．902和0．00424。分子变异分析（AMOVA）结果提示，铜鱼和圆口铜鱼分别有98．80％和99．17％的遗传变异发生于群体内部，表明铜鱼和圆口铜鱼未出现种群分化。选用的9个微卫星标记在圆口铜鱼群体中共检测到48个等位基因；群体平均观测杂合度在0．631～0．753之间；平均期望杂合度为0．598-0．728：平均多态信息含量为0．548～0．670。结果表明，长江流域铜鱼遗传多样性较低，长江上游圆口铜鱼遗传多样性较高，且均未出现种群遗传分化。圆口铜鱼SSR固定指数为0．12l58，高于D．1oop固定指数，显示SSR标记对圆口铜鱼群体间遗传差异的检测更为灵敏。[中国水产科学，2008，15（3）：377-385] 相似文献
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为明确不同选育群体中间球海胆的遗传多样性和遗传结构,利用SSR-seq技术和15个微卫星位点,对1个家系选育群体(FP)、1个群体选育群体(IP)和1个未经选育的普通养殖群体(CP)的遗传多样性及遗传结构进行了分析。结果显示,15个微卫星位点共检测出112个等位基因,FP、IP、CP 3个群体的平均观测等位基因数(Na)分别为5.077、5.133和6.133个,平均有效等位基因(Ne)分别为2.816、2.873和3.638个,平均观测杂合度(Ho)分别为0.522、0.441和0.501,平均期望杂合度(He)分别为0.595、0.599和0.667,平均多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为0.546、0.543和0.623。家系选育群体(FP) He与Ho的差值(0.073)低于IP (0.158)和CP (0.166),平均固定指数(F)(0.115)低于IP (0.248)和CP (0.246)。3个群体间遗传分化系数(Fst)介... 相似文献
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采用微卫星标记分析技术,用5个多态性的微卫星标记对来自3个不同国家（中国、日本和韩国）的牙鲆养殖群体进行了遗传多样性研究。研究结果表明,3个牙鲆群体平均等位基因在4．8～5．6之间,平均观测杂合度（H0）在0．3917～0．5643之间,平均期望杂合度（HE）在0．5981～0．6264之间。有多个位点在不同的群体中偏离哈代-温伯格平衡。遗传距离分析表明,中国群体与日本群体遗传距离最近,韩国群体与日本群体遗传距离最远。分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明,群体内遗传变异与群体间遗传变异分别占总遗传变异的92．44％和7．56％,固定系数（R）为0．0752（P〈0．001）,表明牙鲆3个养殖群体遗传分化显著。 相似文献
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巨（Bagarius yarrelli）为云南特有的经济鱼类,利用随机扩增多态性 DNA（RAPD）技术对元江下游的河口巨野生群体进行了遗传多样性分析,在50条随机引物中筛选出19条多态性较好的引物,通过 PCR 扩增,19条引物在巨群体中共检测到67个位点,其中多态性位点66个,平均多态性位点比率为98．51％,个体间平均遗传相似系数为0．8909,个体间平均遗传距离为0．1176;群体 Nei′s 基因多样性指数为0．2916, Shannon 信息指数为0．4269,结果表明巨野生群体具有较高的遗传多样性。 相似文献
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为了解引进群体与国内养殖凡纳滨对虾群体遗传多样性水平,提高我国凡纳滨对虾种质改良效果,应用AFLP标记技术对国外引进群体和国内养殖凡纳滨对虾群体的遗传多样性进行分析。采用7对AFLP引物组合对7个群体(4个引进群体,3个养殖群体)210个个体进行扩增,结果发现,7个群体在100~500 bp共检测到105个位点,其中多态性位点为90个,多态位点比例为85.71%。4个引进群体(KONABA、SISMAN、OI、CHAI)的多态性位点百分率分别为62.5%,57.29%,61.21%,61.46%;3个国内养殖群体(ZX、ZK、GDOU)的多态性位点百分率分别为65.63%,61.46%,54.17%。7个群体的平均期望杂合度为0.202,表明所检测的7个群体均具有较高的遗传多样性。AMOVA分析显示,51.79%的变异来源于群体间,群体的平均ΦST值为0.518,表明凡纳滨对虾群体内遗传多样性非常丰富,群体间相似性较大,且存在较强的基因交流。本研究可为我国凡纳滨对虾种质改良提供基础资料。 相似文献
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利用强壮红点鲑（Salvelinus confluentus）的微卫星筛选出适用于我国的珍稀濒危冷水性鱼类——花糕红点鲑（Salvelinus malma）的多态性引物,并分析其鸭绿江种群的遗传多样性。结果显示,在强壮红点鲑的10个微卫星引物中有5个在花糕红点鲑群体中具有多态性,鸭绿江种群的等位基因数（N）a为6~22（平均15）,杂合度（H）为0.4063~0.9333（平均0.7851）,多态信息含量（PIC）为0.7164~0.9198（平均0.8536）。强壮红点鲑微卫星引物在花糕红点鲑中具有很好的通用性,花糕红点鲑的鸭绿江种群具有较高的遗传多样性水平。本研究结果为我国花糕红点鲑种质资源保护和管理提供遗传学理论依据。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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