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1.
2005年10月至2007年10月,用稻茎浸渍法测定12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的敏感性。结果表明:12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉均达高或极高水平抗性;除2005年南宁、韶关和阳江,2006年阳江及2007年永州5个褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮仍处于敏感水平外,其余种群处于敏感性降低或达到低水平抗性;而2006年阳江褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈处于敏感性降低阶段,其余的8个种群均达到了低或中等水平抗性。  相似文献   

2.
褐飞虱对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的抗性监测   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
2005年10月至2007年10月,用稻茎浸渍法测定12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的敏感性。结果表明:12个褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉均达高或极高水平抗性;除2005年南宁、韶关和阳江,2006年阳江及2007年永州5个褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮仍处于敏感水平外,其余种群处于敏感性降低或达到低水平抗性;而2006年阳江褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈处于敏感性降低阶段,其余的8个种群均达到了低或中等水平抗性。  相似文献   

3.
中国水稻主产区褐飞虱对3种杀虫剂的抗性监测   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
2006-2009年,用稻茎浸渍法连续监测了广西南宁市、广东阳江市、湖南东安县、福建福清市、江西上高县、湖北孝感市、浙江金华市、江苏通州市和安徽和县共9个地区褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉、噻嗪酮和氟虫腈的抗性变化。结果表明:褐飞虱种群对吡虫啉的抗性仍处于高水平至极高水平抗性阶段(105.5~459.7倍),但2009年监测到东安、孝感、上高种群对吡虫啉的抗性已有下降趋势;褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈的抗性有增长趋势,2006到2009年褐飞虱种群对氟虫腈由敏感至低水平抗性(<6.9倍)发展到了中水平至高水平抗性(13.5~43.3倍);由于2005年吡虫啉在高抗地区的禁用,褐飞虱种群对噻嗪酮的抗性上升速度加快,2009年已处于低水平至中水平抗性阶段(7.0~14.4倍)。这表明在吡虫啉、氟虫腈被禁用后,大面积单一使用噻嗪酮进行防治,褐飞虱对噻嗪酮的抗性有可能加速发展。  相似文献   

4.
为明确我国褐飞虱田间种群对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性现状及生化抗性机制,2017年-2019年采用稻茎浸渍法测定了采集自7省共13个褐飞虱田间种群对氟啶虫胺腈的抗性,并研究了氟啶虫胺腈抗性种群与其他杀虫剂的交互抗性以及增效剂对氟啶虫胺腈的增效效果。结果表明:近3年来褐飞虱对氟啶虫胺腈产生了中等水平抗性(RR=10.3~30.9)。氟啶虫胺腈抗性品系对呋虫胺、噻虫嗪和烯啶虫胺分别产生了9.1倍、7.9倍和4.1倍的低水平交互抗性,与噻嗪酮、毒死蜱、吡蚜酮、三氟苯嘧啶和吡虫啉不存在交互抗性。增效剂PBO对氟啶虫胺腈抗性品系和浙江龙游19(Longyou-19)田间种群分别具有4.2倍和3.8倍的明显增效作用。综上,褐飞虱田间种群已对氟啶虫胺腈产生中等水平抗性。多功能氧化酶参与了褐飞虱对氟啶虫胺腈的代谢抗性。  相似文献   

5.
近年来,褐飞虱田间种群已对多种药剂产生了抗性,为筛选可防控褐飞虱的高效药剂,2020年-2022年采用稻茎浸渍法连续测定了安徽省庐江县褐飞虱种群对三氟苯嘧啶、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、吡蚜酮、氟啶虫胺腈等5种药剂的抗性水平,并在庐江县开展了不同药剂对褐飞虱田间防效试验。室内抗性监测结果表明,2020年-2022年褐飞虱种群对吡蚜酮始终处于高水平抗性(抗性倍数104.6~154.4倍),对呋虫胺的抗性从中等水平上升至高水平(抗性倍数77.7~157.2倍),对氟啶虫胺腈、烯啶虫胺处于中等水平抗性(氟啶虫胺腈抗性倍数21.3~64.5倍、烯啶虫胺抗性倍数14.6~22.6倍),对三氟苯嘧啶处于敏感状态。庐江单季稻试验田田间试验结果表明,在推荐高剂量下,20%三氟苯嘧啶WG、10%异唑虫嘧啶SC等介离子杀虫剂对褐飞虱速效性和持效性表现较好,除了药后1 d 20%三氟苯嘧啶WG防效为74.72%外,2种药剂3~14 d的防效都在80%以上;50%烯啶虫胺SG、22%氟啶虫胺腈SC防效次之,药后1 d防效在67.63%~71.61%,药后3 d至7 d防效有所提高,为77.16%~84.13%,而药后14 d防效降为71.52%~75.77%;50%吡蚜酮WG药后1~7 d防效均在约70%,而药后14 d下降为62.12%;20%氟啶虫酰胺SC、20%呋虫胺WG、10%醚菊酯SC速效性和持效性都表现较差,药后1~14 d防治效果都在80%以下。结合室内抗药性监测和田间防治效果,说明三氟苯嘧啶等介离子类杀虫药剂作为新型杀虫剂品种,可与新烟碱类、吡蚜酮及其混剂交替轮换使用,用于抗药性褐飞虱的治理。  相似文献   

6.
对2017年农业有害生物抗性监测结果进行综合分析,明确湖北省水稻田稻飞虱对田间常用杀虫剂抗性水平现状,以指导田间合理用药。2017年我省褐飞虱田间种群对吡虫啉、噻虫嗪的抗性倍数分别是4 483.4~6 087.8、608.9~1 025.6,均处于高水平抗性阶段;对烯啶虫胺抗性倍数为7.3~11.9,处于低至中等水平抗性阶段。白背飞虱田间种群对噻嗪酮的抗性倍数是89.1~122.5,处于中等至高水平抗性阶段,对烯啶虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈的抗性倍数分别是1.4~6.1、4.7~6.9,均处于低水平抗性阶段。据此总结探讨了相应的治理对策。  相似文献   

7.
为了解褐飞虱田间种群的抗性水平,笔者采用稻茎浸渍法测定了湖北荆州地区褐飞虱田间种群对吡虫啉和噻嗪酮的抗药性.结果表明,荆州地区褐飞虱田间种群对吡虫啉的抗性倍数为57.22~177.00,达到高水平至极高水平抗性;对噻嗪酮的抗性倍数为5.70~16.81,为低水平至中等水平抗性.  相似文献   

8.
建立了采用玻璃管药膜法检测柑橘木虱成虫对杀虫剂敏感性的测定方法,并采用该方法检测了4个柑橘木虱田间种群对4类6种不同类型杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明:柑橘木虱对噻虫啉、噻虫嗪和毒死蜱的抗性在0.57~3.07倍之间,尚处于敏感状态;但广西灵川种群对吡虫啉产生了18.90倍抗性,已处于中等抗性水平,同时,灵川种群对高效氯氟氰菊酯产生了9.72倍抗性,而且,广西灵川和广西永福种群已对新型杀虫剂氟啶虫胺腈产生了低水平抗性,抗性达5倍以上。测定结果与文献报道的田间药效试验结果具有良好的一致性。本研究可为柑橘木虱毒力测定方法的标准化和更科学有效地开展柑橘木虱对杀虫剂敏感性动态监测提供科学依据。  相似文献   

9.
不同地区灰飞虱对吡虫啉的抗性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了明确全国不同稻区灰飞虱对吡虫啉的抗药性水平及其抗性机制,2012年采用点滴法测定了16个灰飞虱田间种群对吡虫啉的抗性倍数和3种增效剂在10个抗性种群中对吡虫啉的增效作用。结果表明,安徽安庆、合肥、江苏南京、盐城和无锡5个地区种群达到高抗水平(抗性倍数为74.1~91.2);浙江杭州、台州、湖州3个种群达到中等水平抗性(抗性倍数为35.8~47.7),福建福州和广东广州达到低水平抗性(抗性倍数为18.4~21.3),其他地区种群处于敏感性下降阶段。增效剂增效结果表明,氧化胡椒基丁醚(PBO)和磷酸三苯酯(TPP)在5个高抗种群和2个低抗种群中对吡虫啉均具有增效作用,表明P450单加氧酶和羧酸酯酶是抗性产生的主要代谢机制,而3个中抗种群中,仅PBO对吡虫啉表现出显著的增效作用,说明这3个种群仅有P450单加氧酶是其抗性上升的主要代谢机制。顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)在测定的10个种群中对吡虫啉均没有增效作用,说明谷胱甘肽S-转移酶没有参与其抗性上升。建议在中等水平至高水平抗性地区暂停使用吡虫啉防治灰飞虱。  相似文献   

10.
氟吡呋喃酮是拜耳作物科学公司开发的一种新型新烟碱类杀虫剂。为探究氟吡呋喃酮在水稻稻飞虱上的应用前景,采用稻苗浸渍法测定了采自中国7省10地的褐飞虱田间种群和5省8地的白背飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮的抗性。结果表明:10个地区的褐飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮表现为低等至中等水平抗性(抗性倍数RR=6.1~17.4),其中江西南昌、河南信阳、安徽六安和浙江杭州种群表现为中等水平抗性(RR=10.1~17.4);相反,白背飞虱除湖北孝感田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮表现为低水平抗性(RR=6.3)外,其他7个地区的田间种群均保持敏感(RR=1.1~3.6)。本研究揭示了中国褐飞虱和白背飞虱田间种群对氟吡呋喃酮的敏感性现状,可为合理应用氟吡呋喃酮防控稻飞虱提供理论依据。  相似文献   

11.
福寿螺配偶个体大小选择性初步观察   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
通过野外观察与实验研究,掌握了福寿螺的婚配体制及其配偶选择性规律。福寿螺与多数低等动物一样,其婚配属于乱交制,无固定配偶;雌螺对与其交配的雄螺个体大小没有选择性,而雄螺对雌螺的个体大小有选择性,倾向于与较大个的雌螺交配。  相似文献   

12.
Time- and concentration-course studies were conducted to determine the effect of thirteen herbicides on photosynthesis, respiration, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, and lipid synthesis using isolated single leaf cells. Each herbicide was from a different chemical class. Appropriate 14C-substrates and product purification procedures were used for each process prior to liquid scintillation counting. The most sensitive metabolic site of inhibition was photosynthesis for atrazine, bromacil, dichlobenil, monuron, and paraquat; RNA synthesis for dalapon and dinoseb; protein synthesis for chlorpropham; and lipid synthesis for CDAA, chloramben, 2,4-D, EPTC, and trifluralin. However, with several herbicides, one or more process was almost as sensitive as the one mentioned above. All herbicides inhibited more than one process, and the most sensitive site of inhibition may not be the same process that was inhibited the greatest at the maximum concentration and maximum exposure time used. Therefore, a concept of metabolic sites of action, rather than a primary site of action, appears to be more meaningful for herbicides.  相似文献   

13.
14.
厚朴病虫害种类的初步调查   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用标准地法和线路调查法,对湖北恩施市新塘乡双河厚朴基地的厚朴病虫害进行了系统调查,记录主要虫害13种,其中叶部害虫9种,枝干害虫2种,根部害虫2种。厚朴主要病害5种。藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴新丽斑蚜为湖北省首次报道,小绿叶蝉为厚朴新寄主记录种。同时记录了藤壶蚧的天敌6种,其中寄生小蜂2种,瓢虫4种;厚朴新丽斑蚜的天敌昆虫8种。对藤壶蚧、厚朴枝角叶蜂和厚朴苗木根腐病等重要病虫害的发生规律进行了初步调查,同时提出了防治建议。  相似文献   

15.
为了研究青稞种子外部和内部携带真菌情况,比较不同杀菌剂对青稞种子的带菌消毒效果和对幼苗生长的影响,为青稞种子播前包衣处理和种传真菌病害防控提供依据,采用离体平皿法对云南迪庆‘云青1号’、‘云青2号’和‘短白青稞’3个主栽品种进行带菌检测,并对种子进行拌种或浸种处理测定6种杀菌剂对种子消毒效果,分析杀菌剂对种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试青稞种子表面携带的优势菌群为青霉(Penicilliumspp.)、镰刀菌(Fusariumspp.);种子内部寄藏的真菌主要为镰刀菌、核腔菌(Pyrenophoraspp.)、附球菌(Epicoccumspp.)、丝核菌(Rhizoctoniaspp.)、链格孢(Alternariaspp.)和木霉(Trichoderma spp.)。青稞不同品种的种子表面及内部携带的真菌种类差异较大。致病性测定表明,镰刀菌对种子萌发和幼苗生长影响最大,后期出现幼苗坏死现象。45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP对青稞种子携带真菌均有显著抑制作用和消毒效果,50%福美双WP消毒效果最优,达100%;45%咪鲜胺EW、75%百菌清WP、50%福美双WP处理对青稞种子发芽和幼苗生长均无显著影响。  相似文献   

16.
The effects of timing and method of application of Penicillium oxalicum on the control of fusarium wilt of tomato were investigated. Application of P. oxalicum to tomato seedlings in seedbeds reduced disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in a growth chamber by 45–49% and in glasshouse experiments by 22–69%. Disease suppression was maintained for 60–100 days after inoculation with the pathogen in the glasshouse. No disease reduction was observed in tomato plants where P. oxalicum was applied to seeds. Treatment with P. oxalicum did not affect the population of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the rhizosphere.  相似文献   

17.
The effect of meturine on the light processes of photosynthesis was studied.Meturine is a herbicide for weed control in potato and cotton crops. It is a N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea.The experiments were carried out on isolated pea and spinach chloroplasts.When examining photosystem I, reduced DPIP was used as an electron donor, whereas methyl-viologen served as an electron acceptor. When examining photosystem II, DPIP represented the electron acceptor.The obtained experimental results have pointed to the absence of the effect of meturine upon the photoreaction I.Unlike N-phenyl—N′, N′-dimethylureas (CMU, DCMU) meturine has been a very weak inhibitor of photoreaction II.The authors explain the photoreaction II inhibition of chloroplasts from plants treated with herbicidal doses of meturine by conversion of N-phenyl—N-hydroxy—N′-methylurea into Hill reaction inhibitor(s). N-Phenyl—N′-methylurea can be one of such meturine metabolites.Meturine herbicidal action is accounted for by meturine transformation into Hill reaction inhibitor(s) in the plant tissues.  相似文献   

18.
The mode of action of the 2,4-diphenyl-1,3-oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well-known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 microM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide-resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition.  相似文献   

19.
ABSTRACT Conventional models for the durability of resistant cultivars focus on the dynamics of the frequency of resistance genes. This leads to a definition of the durability of resistance as the time from introduction of the cultivar to the time when the frequency of the virulence gene reaches a preset threshold. It is questionable whether this is the most appropriate way to measure durability. Here we use a simple epidemiological model to link population dynamics and population genetics to compare three measures of durability: (i) the expected time until invasion of the virulent genotype, by mutation or immigration, and subsequent establishment of a population (T(invasion)); (ii) the virulence frequency related measure of the time for the virulent genotype to take-over the pathogen population ( T(take-over)); and (iii) the additional yield, measured by the additional number of uninfected host growth days (T(additional)). Specifically, we show how the measures of durability are affected by deployment and epidemiological parameters. We use a combination of numerical solution and analytical approximation of a model for the population dynamics of avirulent and virulent genotypes of a pathogen growing in dynamically changing populations of resistant and susceptible cultivars. The three measures of durability are compared. Some consequences of the results for durable resistance in multilines and mixtures and the regional deployment of resistant cultivars are discussed.  相似文献   

20.
甲基硫菌灵标样的制备   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文介绍了用进口甲基硫菌灵样品,采用溶剂萃取,高速离心,重结晶,高效液相色谱,红外光谱等分析方法进行系统分离与鉴定,得到其标样的方法。  相似文献   

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