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地美硝唑（dimetridazole，DMZ）为硝基咪唑类药物，具有抗原虫和抗菌活性，同时具有很强的抗厌氧菌作用，用于治疗鸡组织滴虫病、猪密螺旋体性痢疾、肠道和全身的厌氧菌感染。但它有致癌、致突变及潜在毒性。地美硝唑的主要代谢物羟基地美硝唑（hydroxy dimetridazole，DMZOH）同样可能有致突变性，欧盟和美国都把地美硝唑列为禁用的兽药，我国规定地美硝唑的MRL为0。国外建立了多种检测动物组织中地美硝唑及其他硝基咪唑类药物的检测方法，主要有气相色谱法、高效液相色谱（HPLC）-电化学检测法、高效液相色谱-紫外法、质谱法等。国内谢凯舟等用HPLC测定地美硝唑在肉鸡组织中的残留，沈建忠等分别建立了检测鸡肉、家禽肌肉组织中硝基咪唑类药物的液相色谱法。有关同时检测DMZ和DMZOH的报道较少，且检测限高。因此建立了测定鸡肌肉组织中DMZ和DMZOH的高效液相色谱法。 相似文献
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高效液相色谱法检测鸡肌肉组织中地美硝唑及其羟基代谢物 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地美硝唑(dimetridazole,DMZ)为硝基咪唑类药物,具有抗原虫和抗菌活性,同时具有很强的抗厌氧菌作用,用于治疗鸡组织滴虫病、猪密螺旋体性痢疾、肠道和全身的厌氧菌感染.但它有致癌、致突变及潜在毒性.地美硝唑的主要代谢物羟基地美硝唑(hydroxy dimetridazole,DMZOH)同样可能有致突变性,欧盟和美国都把地美硝唑列为禁用的兽药,我国规定地美硝唑的MRL为0.国外建立了多种检测动物组织中地美硝唑及其他硝基咪唑类药物的检测方法,主要有气相色谱法、高效液相色谱(HPLC)-电化学检测法、高效液相色谱-紫外法、质谱法等.国内谢凯舟等用HPLC测定地美硝唑在肉鸡组织中的残留,沈建忠等分别建立了检测鸡肉、家禽肌肉组织中硝基咪唑类药物的液相色谱法.有关同时检测DMZ和DMZOH的报道较少,且检测限高.因此建立了测定鸡肌肉组织中DMZ和DMZOH的高效液相色谱法. 相似文献
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本研究建立了一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源性食品中硝基咪唑类药物残留量的方法。该方法在硝基咪唑类药物的残留量介于0.300～30.0ng/mL的范围内时具有良好线性关系，5种硝基咪唑类药物标准曲线的相关系数(r)均大于0.999，方法检出限在4.60×10-2～3.38×10-1μg/kg范围内，低、中、高不同浓度点加标平均回收率范围分别为74.6%～105.0%、77.4%～106.0%、81.7%～107.0%，相对标准偏差为2.9%～11.7%。试验结果显示，该方法具有快速、简便、准确、灵敏的特点，适用于动物源性食品中硝基咪唑类药物残留量的检测。 相似文献
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硝基呋喃类药物作为一类广谱性抗生素,广泛应用于食用性动物疾病的预防与控制中。然而不法分子对此类药物的长期滥用,易使动物体内产生耐药菌株,进而导致抗生素的作用大大降低,同时,食品中药物残留还对人体有“三致”作用（致癌、致畸、致突变作用）。作者对食品中硝基呋喃类抗生素代谢物残留的危害及其检测方法进行了调查,食品中硝基呋喃类药物残留的检测方法主要包括高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、液相色谱串联质谱法、酶联免疫分析法、胶体金免疫分析法和荧光免疫分析法,作者概述了这些方法的研究现状,并对今后的研究方向提出建议,以期为以后的方法学研究提供参考。 相似文献
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动物性食品中硝基咪唑类药物残留检测方法 --高效液相色谱法 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
农业部于 2 0 0 3年 1月 2 2日发布了 2 3 6号公告 ,发布 1 2个动物性食品中兽药残留检测方法。方法之二 :动物性食品硝基咪唑类药物残留检测方法———高效液相色谱法。动物性食品硝基咪唑类药物残留检测方法———高效液相色谱法1 范围本标准规定了动物性食品中甲硝唑、地美硝唑、洛硝哒唑单个或混合物残留量检测的制样和高效液相色谱测定方法。本标准适用于鸡的肌肉和肝脏组织中甲硝唑、地美硝唑、洛硝哒唑单个或混合物残留量检测。2 规范性引用文件下列文件中的条款通过本标准的引用而成为本标准的条款。凡是注日期的引用文件 ,其随后… 相似文献
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全面分析和比较了目前原料乳及乳制品中三聚氰胺的检测方法,主要包括色谱检测法(高效液相色谱法、气相质谱法、液相色谱-串联质谱法)、光谱检测法(拉曼光谱法、近红外光谱法、荧光光谱法)以及免疫检测方法。 相似文献
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非甾体抗炎药残留检测方法研究进展 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
介绍了国内外目前检测非甾体抗炎药(Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,NSAIDs)的几种主要方法,包括高效液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、毛细管电泳法、薄层色谱法、分光光度法等,其检测样品基质以血液、尿液为主,动物组织(肌肉、肝脏等)中NSAIDs残留的检测方法报道较少。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献