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L. Khoo A. T. Leard P. R. Waterstrat S. W. Jack K. L. Camp 《Journal of fish diseases》1998,21(6):423-432
Four cases (representing outbreaks in four different ponds on three farms) of branchial mycosis caused by Branchiomyces spp. were identified in channel catfish fry during the summer of 1996. Mortalities ranged from a few hundred to several thousand fish per pond. Significant gross and histopathological findings from these four cases were limited to the gills. All fry examined had fungal mycelia that were mainly but not entirely confined to the base of the primary lamellae and the gill arches. These fungal hyphae were intravascular and occluded vessels in the gill tissues. The present paper describes the fungal characteristics and pathology of branchial mycosis caused by Branchiomyces spp. in channel catfish. 相似文献
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Effect of Sublethal Hypoxia on the Immune Response and Susceptibility of Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, to Enteric Septicemia 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Thomas L. Welker Shawn T. Mcnulty Phillip H. Klesius 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2007,38(1):12-23
The effect of sublethal hypoxia exposure on stress and immune responses and susceptibility to Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in juvenile channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, was investigated. Fish were monitored for temporal changes in glucose and cortisol concentrations before, during, and after 2 h exposure to sublethal hypoxia (<2 mg/L dissolved oxygen [DO]) and when maintained under normoxic conditions (6.0 ± 0.3 mg/L DO). Both blood glucose and plasma cortisol increased significantly in response to hypoxic conditions. Fish exposed to hypoxic or normoxic conditions were challenged with a high dose (1.3 × 107 colony‐forming units [CFU]/mL) or a low dose (1.3 × 105 CFU/mL) of E. ictaluri or sterile culture broth by 30‐min immersion bath. Approximately 1% of fish in both the normoxic and the hypoxic groups died when challenged with the low dose of E. ictaluri. However, when challenged with the high dose of E. ictaluri, catfish exposed to hypoxic conditions had significantly higher cumulative mortality (36 ± 12.1%) than those maintained under normoxic conditions (12 ± 1.1%). Total hemolytic complement and bactericidal activities and antibody response were lower in hypoxia‐exposed channel catfish, indicating that increased susceptibility of channel catfish to E. ictaluri may be the result of the immunosuppressive effects of the stress response to hypoxia. 相似文献
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Channel catfish virus (CCV) disease is an acute haemorrhagic disease in juvenile channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ). To date channel catfish is the only species affected by natural outbreaks of the CCV but juvenile large mouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) and silurus ( Silurus meriaionalis ) have suffered high mortalities in recent years in China. Histopathological phenomenon of sick fish is similar to CCV disease, and the identified virus was CCV. In this report, the pathogenicity of infectious CCV was examined by infection trials on the first known host species, the channel catfish and other teleosts. Our results indicated that there were higher detection rates of CCV from large mouth bass and silurus fish. Channel catfish virus did not induce mortality in other cypriniformes, but histopathological studies revealed that carp might be infected by both bathing and intraperitoneal infection. No deaths, clinical or histopathological signs, were found in the six other species exposed by immersion or injection. Experimental infection studies confirm that CCV infect not only channel catfish but also other species (large mouth bass, silutus and carp). The outbreaks of CCV disease only occurred when the cultured temperature was above 25 °C. 相似文献
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Candidatus Actinochlamydia pangasiae sp. nov. (Chlamydiales,Actinochlamydiaceae), a bacterium associated with epitheliocystis in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus 
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下载免费PDF全文 N Sood D K Verma M K Yadav Ravindra A K Dev T R Swaminathan N K Sood 《Journal of fish diseases》2018,41(2):281-290
Chlamydial infections are recognised as causative agent of epitheliocystis, reported from over 90 fish species. In the present study, the farmed striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (14–15 cm, 70–90 g) with a history of cumulative mortality of about 23% during June and July 2015, were brought to the laboratory. The histopathological examination of gills from the affected fish revealed presence of granular basophilic intracellular inclusions, mostly at the base of the interlamellar region and in gill filaments. A concurrent infection with Trichodina spp., Ichthyobodo spp. and Dactylogyrus spp. was observed in the gills. The presence of chlamydial DNA in the gills of affected fish was confirmed by amplification and sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. BLAST‐n analysis of these amplicons revealed maximum similarity (96%) with Candidatus Actinochlamydia clariae. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, it was inferred that the epitheliocystis agents from striped catfish were novel and belonged to the taxon Ca. Actinochlamydia. It is proposed that epitheliocystis agents from striped catfish will be named as Ca. Actinochlamydia pangasiae. The 16S rRNA gene amplicons from novel chlamydiae were labelled and linked to inclusions by in situ hybridisation. This is the first report of epitheliocystis from India in a new fish host P. hypophthalmus. 相似文献
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Edwardsiella ictaluri is a primary bacterial pathogen of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and the causative agent of enteric septicaemia of catfish . Edwardsiella ictaluri is known to gain entry to the host by infection of the nares, gastrointestinal tract, and gills, and to disseminate to organs via an as yet uncharacterized acute bacteraemia. In this study, fluorescent microscopy showed E. ictaluri on the gill within 5 min of immersion challenge and E. ictaluri could also be isolated from the circulation within 5 min. When removed to clean water, catfish cleared circulating bacteria within 15 min and the blood remained free of E. ictaluri until its reappearance at the 12 h post-infection sampling. However, Aeromonas hydrophila , the aetiological agent of motile aeromonad septicaemia, appeared within the circulation 7 h post-challenge with E. ictaluri and was detected in all fish at 12 h post-infection. Only 20% of fish carried A. hydrophila in the trunk kidney that could be detected by plate culture on Rimler–Shotts agar; however, 100% of challenged and stress-control fish were A. hydrophila complex positive at 24 h post-challenge. These results suggest that although the catfish is capable of clearing its circulation of E. ictaluri , superinfection with latent A. hydrophila may enhance clinical signs of edwardsiellosis. This is the first report of a bacterial superinfection appearing in fish. 相似文献
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以1.0×106CFU·m L~(-1)拟态弧菌(Vibrio mimicus)浸浴感染黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco),于第0、第4、第8、第16、第24、第36、第48、第60、第72小时剖杀取样,研究病理损伤及病原菌的体内动态分布。结果显示,皮肤肌肉、鳃、肠道出现病变最早,其中皮肤肌肉损伤最严重。第16小时表皮变性、坏死,鳃上皮肿胀,肠绒毛水肿;第24~第48小时表皮坏死、脱落,真皮严重出血,肌纤维变性、坏死,鳃出血,上皮局部坏死,肠上皮变性与灶性坏死;第48~第72小时皮肤肌肉坏死更严重,形成溃疡灶,鳃灶性坏死。肾、肝、脾与心36 h后相继出现不同程度的淤血、出血,变性和灶性坏死。q PCR检测发现,第4小时即在鳃、肠、皮肤肌肉检出病菌,细菌含量分别为1.3×102CFU·mg~(-1)、2.6×102CFU·mg~(-1)、4.7×102CFU·mg~(-1);鳃与皮肤肌肉中菌量随时间延长而增加,第72小时皮肤肌肉中菌量达到4.5×107CFU·mg~(-1);第24小时后相继在肾、肝、脾、心检出病菌,菌量介于1.9×10~4.7×102CFU·mg~(-1)之间。结果表明皮肤、鳃和肠道是病菌的入侵位点,并在体内多组织、器官分布。 相似文献
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为研究鲤浮肿病毒的感染方式及在锦鲤各组织器官中的动态分布,在水温20～22℃,溶解氧7～8mg/L试验条件下,采用注射、浸泡、划伤后浸泡3种方式人工感染锦鲤,观察了试验鱼的发病和死亡情况;检测了鲤浮肿病毒在感染鱼体内各组织器官中的存在情况,探讨了主要被感染组织的病理变化。试验结果显示,采用注射、浸泡、划伤后浸泡3种方式均可导致健康锦鲤感染该病毒,病鱼出现昏睡、烂鳃、凹眼等症状,累积死亡率35%～88%。锦鲤感染该病毒后至少有3d的潜伏期,随后病毒在鳃组织中大量增殖,至7d达到高峰,病毒量314.8个/ng,之后病毒量开始逐渐下降,至12d在鳃组织中检测不出病毒。鲤浮肿病毒在肾、肝、脑、肌肉和脾中存在的时间较短且病毒量较低,在血液和肠道中未检出。结合鳃组织病理切片可知,鳃为该病毒感染的主要靶器官。本研究结果为鲤浮肿病的诊断和防控提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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Jin Yu Liu Ai Hua Li Dong Ren Zhou Zhou Rui Wen Xue Ping Ye 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(12):1835-1844
Yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Richardson) is a commercially important fish generally distributed in Southeast Asian countries. The well‐known aetiological agent of enteric septicaemia of catfish, Edwardsiella ictaluri, was isolated from diseased yellow catfish P. fulvidraco (Richardson) reared at two commercial fisheries in China. The economic losses due to the high mortalities (about 50%) caused by this bacterium have been increasing annually. The affected fish presented two different, typical symptoms: pale gills, slight exophthalmia and a ‘hole in the head’, and haemorrhage on the opercula, in the skin under the jaw, creating a ‘hole under the jaw’. These diseases were found frequently in cultured yellow catfish throughout China. The isolates from both outbreaks were all Gram negative, facultatively anaerobic and short rod. Morphological and biochemical tests and phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rDNA sequences all strongly indicated that these yellow catfish isolates were highly identical to the known E. ictaluri. In addition, the isolates possessed the typical plasmid profile of E. ictaluri. Experimental infection assays were conducted and pathogenicity (by an intraperitoneal injection) was demonstrated in yellow catfish and channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The results showed that yellow catfish isolates were quite conservative phenotypically and genetically, and were able to cause two different, typical symptoms in this fish under unknown conditions and mechanism. 相似文献
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Infection of Myxidium giardi in skin, gills, cartilage, liver, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder and intestine of eels in different stages of development is described. Some 233 eels were examined by standard histological procedures. Histopathological and clinical findings demonstrated that pathological damage due to infection is severe only in the kidney of elvers. In older eels, histopathological findings indicate an established tolerance to infection. Findings of free spores and plasmodia with spores at different stages of differentiation in eels of all age groups suggest a continuous process of infestation among eels under culture conditions. 相似文献
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利用组织切片、HE染色和显微观察的方法,研究了卵形鲳鲹患刺激隐核虫病组织病理变化。组织切片结果可见,感染鱼的鳃和体表受到直接机械损伤;鱼体在缺氧状态下,入侵的刺激隐核虫有可能对机体产生某种毒素,也可能因刺激隐核虫感染而引发细菌或病毒继发性感染,造成肝、脾和肾脏不同程度的间接性损伤。表现为鳃部机能严重受阻,肝脏脂肪肝变性严重,肝索紊乱,血窦缩小或消失;脾脏组织结构不清晰,有充血、出血和坏死等症状;肾脏结构不清晰,肾小管及肾小体缩小,肾小管细胞融合(黏连),组织间隙松散扩大,局部细胞坏死,存在脂肪粒。 相似文献
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Vibriosis in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
D. H. LEWIS 《Journal of fish diseases》1985,8(6):539-545
Abstract. An epizootic due to Vibrio anguillarum was observed in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque). Lesions in infected fish included ulceration and petechiae on body surfaces, vent and caudal peduncle. Internally, haemorrhages in liver and kidney were present and the intestinal tract was filled with a clear viscous fluid. Using an isolant recovered during the epizootic, laboratory studies were conducted to determine (a) bacterial dynamics of the agent in blood, kidney and liver and (b) clinical haematologic and biochemical parameters in infected fish. Under conditions of the study, vibrios were apparently sequestered in kidney and liver during initial stages of infection (8–12 h after exposure). Later, bacterial numbers in blood were comparable to those in kidney and liver. Clinical parameters of infected catfish were suggestive of cellular and tissue destruction and renal dysfunction. Based upon data of the present study and those of others, vibriosis appears to be a disease in which the agent is localized in select tissues. Secondary septicaemia may be incidental to factors which compromise host defences. 相似文献
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Glucan administration potentiates immune defence mechanisms of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract. Intraperitoncal injection of β-l,3 glucan in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, greatly reduces mortality from experimental infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri. Anterior kidney phagocytes from fish receiving glucan had enhanced phagocytic and bactericidal ability. The elevated bactericidal ability of phagocytes was not accompanied by increased production of hydrogen peroxide. Fish injected with glucan responded to subsequent E. ictaluri immunizations with higher serum antibody titres relative to the control catfish. The timing of glucan administration and antigen immunization was also important. These results indicate that β-1,3 glucan potentially could be utilized prophylactically as an immunomodulator in channel catfish. 相似文献
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分别用迟钝爱德华氏菌Edwardsiella tarda、嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila、链球菌Streptococcus iniae和斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒(channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus,CCRV)对斑点叉尾(鱼回)Ictalurus punctatus进行感染实验,取感染后0h、12h、24h、48h、72h和7d的头肾、肠、肝脏和脾脏,采用实时定量PCR方法检测了TLR5和TLR5S基因在这4种免疫相关组织中的时空表达特征,探讨它们与斑点叉尾(鱼回)先天免疫反应的关系.结果表明,链球菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌能够引起TLR5和TLR5S强烈的上调表达,其中以感染链球菌12h后TLR5S在头肾中的表达上调量最为显著,与对照组相比提高了132倍(P＜0.01).在感染嗜水气单胞菌后的24h内TLR5和TLR5S基因的表达量上升,但随后却显示出了明显的下调趋势,而斑点叉尾(鱼回)呼肠孤病毒在TLR5和TLR5S基因表达中起到了明显的抑制作用,于大部分组织中表达下调.在感染12h的脾脏中,TLR5基因的表达量仅为对照组的0.017倍(P＜0.01),而TLR5S基因表达量达到最低,仅为对照组的0.01倍(P＜0.01).从不同的组织来看,TLR5在肠中的表达上调幅度最大,而TLR5S在头肾中的表达增幅最明显,如感染链球菌和迟钝爱德华氏菌12h后,TLR5在肠中的表达量分别增加了50.4倍(P＜0.01)和14.8倍(P＜0.01),TLR5S在头肾中的表达量分别上升了52.8倍(P＜0.01)和132倍(P＜0.01).以上结果进一步证明了TLR5和TLR5S基因在斑点叉尾(鱼回)先天免疫反应过程中发挥着非常重要的作用,同时在抗病原侵袭过程中表现出了一定的组织特异性和病原特异性. 相似文献
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Abstract.– Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding time and frequency on the growth, survival, feed conversion, and body composition of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus cultured in closed recirculating raceway systems. In separate experiments, two stocking sizes (18 and 232 g/fish) of channel catfish were examined. Treatments consisted of 1) feeding catfish once daily, 3% of body weight at 0800 h; 2) feeding catfish once daily, 3% of body weight at 1200 h; 3) feeding catfish once daily, 3% of body weight at 1700 h; and 4) feeding catfish three times daily, 1% of body weight at 0800 h, 1200 h, and 1700 h. Weight gain, specific growth, feed conversion, percentage survival, and fillet proximate composition of channel catfish among treatments did not differ ( P > 0.05). The percentage visceral fat of channel catfish fed the single meal at 0800 h was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than channel catfish receiving multiple feedings, but was not different than the visceral fat content of channel catfish fed at 1200 h and 1700 h. Under the conditions of this study, results indicate neither feeding time or feeding frequency significantly influences the growth, survival, and body composition of channel catfish raised in closed recirculating raceway systems. 相似文献
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斜带石斑鱼溶藻弧菌病的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
从患病的斜带石斑鱼肝和肾组织分离的两株病原菌,进行纯化培养、人工感染、VITEK-AMS-32自动微生物分析鉴定及药敏试验,经形态和生理生化测定,确定为溶藻弧菌(Vibrioalginolyticus)。组织病理变化主要表现为鳃、肝和肾细胞变性、坏死,病变组织炎性细胞浸润,呈变质性炎症。 相似文献
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通过Percoll密度梯度离心法分离斑点叉尾[鱼回]头肾巨噬细胞,经含2%胎牛血清的L-15培养液中培养,在光镜和电镜下观察其形态和超微结构;采用MTS法研究酵母细胞壁对巨噬细胞体外作用的合适浓度和最佳时间。结果表明:使用34%、51%的密度梯度分离斑点叉尾[鱼回]头肾细胞,经过3~12小时培养,巨噬细胞纯化率95%以上;分离的头肾巨噬细胞具有巨噬细胞的形态特征。酵母细胞壁对斑点叉尾[鱼回]的巨噬细胞最适的作用浓度为0-500pg/ml,作用时间为12小时。本研究为进一步探讨酵母细胞壁对鱼类免疫细胞的作用机理奠定了基础。 相似文献