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养猪废水含高有机质、高氨氮,处理难度大且排放达标困难,厌氧处理后用传统的好氧方法进行处理工程投资大、运行费用高、管理要求高,养殖企业较难接受。针对养猪废水的特点,巨菌草(Pennisetum sp.)+酸模(Rumex acetosa Linn)、杨树(Populus)+夹竹桃(Nerium oleander)等植物组合构建人工湿地处理养猪废水,可以提高人工湿地的处理效果,解决冬季废水处理难度大的问题,同时还能产生明显的经济效益。 相似文献
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简放陵 《广东畜牧兽医科技》1995,20(2):20-21
本文根据养猪废水的处理，提出了养殖业废水混凝土－过滤，清水再利用，残渣制作有机－无机复合肥的资源化处理方法，其特点为基建投资少，运转费用低，处理速度快，易管理，废物资源化。 相似文献
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养猪废水是一种高浓度有机废水,本文比较了养猪废水处理的三种模式"畜地平衡模式"达标排放模式"和"综合处理模式",三种模式适应不同的养殖规模和地域条件,各养殖企业可以根据厂区的实际情况采用适合自身的处理模式,在有效处理养猪场粪污的同时提高猪场的经济效益。 相似文献
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近年来,我国养猪生产工艺没有实质性改变,养猪的科技含量不高,养猪过程基本上都要面临不同程度的废水排放问题.来自养猪业的主要污染源是污水、臭气和粪便,它们对周围环境的污染可源自养猪过程、废弃物排放、堆放或贮存过程以及废弃物处理、运输和利用过程. 相似文献
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５０年代末期，我国第一条养猪自动线在东北农学院香坊实验农场建成，标志着工厂化养猪作为我国养猪业的一种新组织形式诞生了。经过近半个世纪的发展，工厂化养猪在工艺流程、猪舍设计、猪舍内设施设备配套、猪品种（系）配套、饲料加工、环境控制、废水废物处理等技术方... 相似文献
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6.曝气槽、反应槽经前处理和流量调整后的废水,被送往曝气槽或者反应槽即进入微生物净化分解过程。也有采用嫌气分解(沼气发酵)的嫌气反应槽(不供给氧气),但这仅适合浓度低的废水。在处理如养猪废水的BOD、SS、氮等浓度都非常高的废水时,如只用嫌气处理,若要使废水净化到能排放入公共水域,目前还是很困难的。因此,使总负荷量减少些也许是有可能的,但其后段仍有必要用好气条件(供给氧气)进行净化。所以,关于使用好气条件的反应槽是一定要考虑的。 (1)曝气槽、反应槽的目的: ①使依靠滤网和沉淀等物理方法或凝集分离等前处理未能除去的、溶于水中的污浊物质变成细菌体 相似文献
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本文认为猪场污水的处理与利用是集约化、现代化养猪业发展的必然要求。文中分析了猪场污水环境的危害及其程度、造成危害的原因及应采取的措施和对策等。指出遵循生态学原理,通过食物链加环,建立猪场污水生态工程处理利用系统,实现猪场污水变废为宝、资源化和多级利用,是适合我国国情的经济的有效途径。 相似文献
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双穗雀稗对猪场污水的净化效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2009年5月以双穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum L.)为供试材料、河砂为基质开展其为期30d的静态水培试验,研究在25%、50%、75%、100%共4种猪场养殖污水浓度下,双穗雀稗的生长状况及对污水的净化效果,选择适宜的猪场养殖污水浓度以提高双穗雀稗的净化效率和生产效率。结果表明,污水浓度增加对双穗雀稗的株高影响不显著,但对生物量具有显著影响(P<0.05),高浓度污水对根长的生长具有明显阻碍作用;与不栽种植株的静置组相比,双穗雀稗水培对污水中的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)具有较好的去除效果,TN的去除率为98.75%-99.31%,TP的去除率为96.54%-99.79%。100%污水时,TN、TP的去除量最大,分别为507 mg·L-1和32mg·L-1;而对COD和NH4+-N的去除效果并不显著。 相似文献
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To remove the excess nitrogen and phosphorus in swine wastewater, an electrodialysis technique was applied to an advanced treatment method. The laboratory‐scale swine wastewater treatment system constructed for the present study consisted of an activated sludge process, as the main treatment unit, and electrodialysis, as an advanced treatment unit. This system was operated for 200 days and the processing performance was evaluated. By electrodialysis, approximately 99% of NO3– and PO43– in the activated sludge‐treated water (AT solution) was removed during operation. Furthermore, electrodialysis decreased the color density of the AT solution at a rate of 58%. The advanced treatment of swine wastewater by electrodialysis proved to be an efficient technique to remove excess nitrogen and phosphorus, and decrease color density. 相似文献
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Swine manure composition affects the biochemical origins,composition, and accumulation of odorous compounds 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Odors from swine production facilities are associated with the storage and decomposition of manure. Diet is linked to manure composition and will likely affect odor, but the microbial mechanisms responsible for manure decomposition and odor production are poorly understood. To identify the sources of odor during manure fermentation, substrates (starch, casein, and cellulose) were added to slurries of fresh swine manure, and the anaerobic accumulation of fermentation products and the consumption of substrates were measured relative to no addition of substrates. Volatile fatty acids and alcohols were the dominant fermentation products in all treatments. The total VFA concentration from starch treatment was greater (P < 0.001) than for all other treatments. Branched-chain VFA and aromatic compounds accumulated in all treatments, but accumulation in the casein treatments was greater (P < 0.001) than in all other treatments. Thus, addition of carbohydrate to swine manure slurries did not circumvent protein fermentation, as was previously observed in cattle manure slurries. Based on substrate loss, starch and protein fermentation were equivalent in all treatments, with losses of each exceeding 4% of the DM. Substrate additions had a limited effect on the overall accumulation of odor compounds in manure and on odor compound composition. Compared with the results of the earlier fermentation study of fresh cattle manure, swine manure fermentation produced less lactate and more products of protein fermentation (branched-chain VFA and aromatic ring compounds). We hypothesize that differences in manure organic matter composition between cattle and swine, a result of diet and digestion, select for bacterial communities that are adapted to the available substrate composition. 相似文献
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试验旨在应用宏基因组测序技术探究两种堆肥处理方式下猪粪中微生物的结构组成与分布特征。试验采集同一粪池中的新鲜猪粪，随机分成添加有效微生物（EM）菌的F组和未添加EM菌的K组，每组粪堆各1堆，堆成圆锥形粪堆，粪堆高1.2 m，底部直径2 m；采集堆肥第0、7、14和21天的粪便样本并提取粪便总DNA，运用宏基因组高通量测序技术，比较F组和K组的微生物多样性（组成及结构）差异，并对功能基因进行注释。结果表明，猪粪便中的细菌共测序获得1 083 607个有效开放阅读框（ORFs）；共鉴定出147个门、118个纲、258个目、593个科、2 343个属和13 193个种；在门水平上，相对丰度前十的细菌界优势菌门有：变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）、疣微菌门（Verrucomicrobia）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、柔壁菌门（Tenericutes）、浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、螺旋体门（Spirochaetes）和酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）；在属水平上，两组平均丰度值排名前三十五的属分别属于变形菌门、拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、放线菌门和疣微菌门；通过KEGG功能预测分析，新陈代谢通路是最丰富的，氨基酸代谢通路和碳水化合物代谢通路是包含功能基因数量最多的二级通路。两组的菌群结构多样性差异表明添加EM菌后会促进堆肥前期的菌群变化。 相似文献
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W.Q. Alali H.M. Scott K.L. Christian V.R. Fajt R.B. Harvey D.B. Lawhorn 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2009,90(3-4):160-167
The objective of this longitudinal ecological study was to examine the relationship between the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant (AR) commensal Escherichia coli isolates from both monthly human wastewater and composite swine fecal samples and the concurrent aggregated monthly antibiotic use recorded within each host species in multi-site vertically integrated swine and human populations. In addition, human vocation (swine worker versus non-swine worker), swine production group, and season were examined as potential confounding variables. Human and swine E. coli isolates (n = 2469 human and 2310 swine, respectively) were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a commercial broth microdilution system. In the human population, among swine workers the relative odds of tetracycline resistance were increased significantly for tetracycline (class) drug use at the third quartile and above of mean monthly dosage (MMD) (OR = 1.8) as compared to the referent category (non-use). The relative odds of ciprofloxacin resistance were significantly increased for ciprofloxacin use in non-swine workers (OR = 5.5) as compared to the referent (non-use). The relative odds of tetracycline resistance were increased significantly for chlortetracycline use in medicated feed for the upper tertile of MMD category (OR = 2.9) as compared to the referent category (no use) across all swine production groups. While high variability among seasonal samples over the 3-year period was observed, no common seasonal trends relating to antibiotic use and prevalence of resistance over the 3-year period were apparent. The overall effects of concurrent human and swine antibiotic use on AR E. coli levels were inconsistent and modest in this study. 相似文献
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针对猪场废水中氮磷含量高的问题,探讨了沸石吸附交换法去除氨氮和总磷的效果及可行性。试验结果表明,当沸石粒径为1～2mm,投加量为12g/L,反应时间为20min时,含氨氮66.6mg/L,总磷7.8mg/L的某猪场废水处理工程的排水经深度处理后,出水中氨氮和总磷的含量可以达到《农田灌溉水质标准》(GB5084-92)和《生活杂用水水质标准》(CJ/T48-1999)的要求。沸石作为猪场废水深度脱氮除磷的吸附交换剂是可行的。 相似文献
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为了寻找絮凝剂对猪场污水絮凝效果的最佳复配方案,以经格栅沉淀后的猪场污水为对象,分别比较阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(C-PAM)、阴离子聚丙烯酰胺(A-PAM)、氯化铝、氯化铁、聚合硫酸铁(PFS)等5种絮凝剂的絮凝效果。选用其中效果较好的聚合硫酸铁与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺进行复配,通过复合絮凝试验得到最佳配比,PFS投加量1.6 g/L、C-PAM投加量0.6 mg/L,并按先PFS后C-PAM的顺序投加,对猪场污水悬浮物(SS)和浊度去除率分别为96.8%和99.2%。 相似文献
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研究冬季发酵床养猪模式对猪舍环境、猪生产性能及免疫性能的影响。试验选用60头三元杂交断奶仔猪,分为两个处理,每处理5个重复,每重复6头猪。对照组为传统的水泥地面猪舍养殖模式,试验日粮为基础日粮+10%杆菌肽锌20mg/kg与10%硫酸粘杆菌素20mg/kg;试验组为发酵床猪舍养殖,试验日粮为基础日粮+0.1%日本酵素。测试指标为猪舍温度、相对湿度、悬浮颗粒浓度、氨气浓度、猪料肉比、平均日增重及血清IgAI、gM、IgG浓度。试验时间106d。结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组显著提高了猪舍温度(P<0.05),极显著降低了猪舍氨气和悬浮颗粒浓度(P<0.01),对猪舍相对湿度无显著影响;试验组显著提高了平均日增重、饲料转化率及血清IgAI、gG浓度(P<0.05),对血清IgM浓度无显著影响。试验表明冬季发酵床养猪模式可改善猪舍环境,提高猪的生产性能与免疫性能,优于水泥地面养殖模式。 相似文献