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1.
以乙醇为提取剂,纤维素酶为酶解剂,超声波为辅助工具,对脱脂葡萄籽中的原花青素进行提取。首先,分别研究纤维素酶添加量、乙醇体积分数、料液比和超声时间对原花青素提取率的影响;得到最佳条件分别为纤维酶添加量10 mg/g,乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1∶35(g∶mL),超声时间25 min。根据上述结果设计正交试验,进一步研究这些因素对原花青素提取率的影响。结果发现,纤维素酶添加量对原花青素提取率有显著影响,而乙醇体积分数、料液比和超声时间对原花青素提取率无显著影响;并得出原花青素的最佳提取工艺为纤维素酶用量8 mg/g,乙醇体积分数55%,料液比1∶40(g∶mL)),超声时间20 min。以以上条件对脱脂葡萄籽进行原花青素提取试验,所得葡萄籽原花青素提取率为17.2%,比单用超声波提取法提高了17.8%。 相似文献
2.
为研究紫山药原花青素的最佳提取工艺以及抗氧化活性,以紫山药为试验材料,采用BoxBehnken中心组合试验设计和响应面分析,优化双酶法提取紫山药原花青素的提取工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行评价。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为纤维素酶加酶量2.19%、果胶酶加酶量2.32%、酶解时间73 min、酶解温度45℃、液料比15 mL:1 g、pH 4.5,此条件下紫山药原花青素得率为93.06 mg/g。体外抗氧化试验结果表明,双酶法提取的紫山药原花青素具有明显的抗氧化性,对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)和羟基自由基(·OH)半数抑制率浓度IC50分别为0.165、0.267 mg/mL,清除能力强于维生素C。 相似文献
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为了优化复合酶提取黑松松针多糖的工艺,并考察其抑菌性,根据松针粉的结构特点选取纤维素酶、果胶酶高效提取黑松松针多糖,在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验对这两种酶提取松针多糖的条件(液料比、酶添加量、酶解温度、酶解时间、pH)进行优化。根据优化后的工艺条件,建立了双酶复合提取黑松松针多糖的工艺,且证实分步加酶法提取的多糖得率较高,即:液料比20∶1(mL/g),酶解温度50℃,pH 6.5,先添加2.5%纤维素酶,酶解时间2 h,后添加1.5%果胶酶,酶解时间1.5 h。此条件下得到的黑松松针多糖得率达6.17%,远高于单酶提取效果。松针多糖对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有较好的抑菌效果。该方法简便,可用于提取黑松松针多糖,为松针的开发利用提供技术基础和方法。 相似文献
5.
探讨运用响应面法优化超声波辅助酶法提取枇杷叶多糖工艺条件,在单因素试验基础上,选取果胶酶用量、酶解温度、酶解p H值和料液比为影响因子,枇杷叶多糖得率为响应值进行响应面分析。结果表明,超声波时间1 h,料液比1∶15,酶解时间2 h,果胶酶用量1.9%,酶解温度52℃,酶解pH值4.5,枇杷叶多糖的得率最高为4.97%。 相似文献
6.
以人参总皂苷和多糖提取得率为考察指标,采用酶解组合高速匀浆法同时提取人参中的两种重要成分,比较不同酶及组合对两者得率的影响,筛选出提取效果较好的果胶酶。通过单因素试验对酶解温度、酶解时间、酶解pH、酶添加量和人参粉末粒径分别进行优化,继而进行响应面试验,得到最佳酶解工艺为:酶解温度60℃,酶解pH 4.7,酶解时间4 h,酶添加量6%,人参粉末粒径约285μm,此时人参总皂苷得率为6.88%,多糖得率为28.58%。将提取后的渣料进行高速匀浆提取,以乙醇浓度、匀浆时间、固液比为变量设计正交试验,得到最佳提取条件为:乙醇浓度0%(蒸馏水),匀浆时间4 min,固液比1∶50(g/mL),此条件下人参总皂苷得率为2.56%,多糖得率为16.92%。两步提取法人参总皂苷得率9.44%,多糖得率45.50%,均高于现有方法的提取得率。 相似文献
7.
《分子植物育种》2021,19(11):3727-3736
为研究苤蓝花青素提取工艺及其抗氧化性,本研究采取超声波辅助和酶辅助两种方法进行了提取和工艺优化,并对提取出的花青素进行抗氧化分析。在酶辅助法中通过单因素实验研究了料液比、水浴温度、酶用量、水浴提取时间对花青素提取率的影响;在超声法中研究了料液比、超声温度、超声时间对花青素提取率的影响,最终通过单因素实验筛选出的最优结果又通过三因素三水平的正交试验优化了两种提取工艺,并采用DPPH法对花青素进行抗氧化分析。结果表明,酶法最优提取工艺为料液比1∶25、纤维素酶用量2%、提取温度45℃、提取时间为90 min;超声法最优提取工艺为料液比1∶25,超声时间90 min,超声温度45℃;苤蓝中花青素具有极强的抗氧化性。本研究为今后苤蓝花青素的提取及开发利用提供了参考。 相似文献
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为优化酶法-超声波提取葛根中葛根素的工艺条件,以单因素试验为基础,采用Plackett-Burman试验得出液料比、乙醇体积分数、超声时间、超声温度为葛根素提取的4个影响显著的因素;利用最陡爬坡试验,使结果接近最大响应值;最后运用Box-Behnken试验对葛根素提取工艺进行响应面优化。结果表明,葛根中葛根素提取的最佳工艺条件为:纤维素酶添加量0.4%,酶解时间70 min,液料比30∶1(mL/g),乙醇体积分数52%,超声时间31 min,超声温度64℃;在此工艺条件下葛根素得率为8.78 mg/g。以上结果说明,Plackett-Burman试验联合Box-Behnken分析能较好地优化酶法-超声波提取葛根中葛根素的工艺条件。 相似文献
10.
利用单因素试验及响应面法优化纤维素酶辅助提取山竹果皮中原花青素的工艺,从而提高原花青素的提取率。通过单因素试验筛选出纤维素酶用量、酶解时间、酶解温度和提取时间4个主要因素,采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验计划,建立山竹果皮原花青素提取得率的二次回归方程,得到最佳提取条件。结果表明,最佳提取条件为纤维素酶添加量14%,乙醇体积分数80%,酶解温度59.5℃,酶解时间39 min,提取温度70℃,提取时间30 min,山竹果皮原花青素在此提取条件下的理论提取率为25.52%,实际提取率为25.43%,两者相较,仅存在0.35%的误差,说明此二次多项数学模型具有较高的可靠性。与没有添加纤维素酶的实际提取率17.38%相比,山竹果皮中原花青素的提取率提高了约8%。 相似文献
11.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
12.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
13.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
14.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
15.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
16.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献
17.
Mohammed Riyazaddin Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor Are Ashok Kumar Belum V. S. Reddy Rajendra S. Munghate Hari C. Sharma 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(4):423-436
Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, is one of the important pests of postrainy season sorghums. Of the 90 sorghum genotypes evaluated for resistance to this pest, RHRB 12, ICSV 713, 25026, 93046 and 25027, IS 33844‐5, Giddi Maldandi and RVRT 3 exhibited resistance in postrainy season, while ICSB 463, Phule Anuradha, RHRB 19, Parbhani Moti, ICSV 705, PS 35805, IS 5480, 5622, 17726, 18368 and 34722, RVRT 1, ICSR 93031 and Dagidi Solapur showed resistance in rainy season, suggesting season‐specific expression of resistance to A. soccata. ICSB 461, ICSB 463, Phule Yasodha, M 35‐1, ICSV 700, 711, 25010, 25019 and 93089, IS 18662, Phule Vasudha, IS 18551 and 33844‐5 and Barsizoot had fewer deadhearts than plants with eggs across seasons, suggesting antibiosis as one of the resistance mechanism. Five genotypes exhibited resistance with high grain yield across seasons. Correlation, path and stepwise regression analyses indicated that leaf glossiness, seedling vigour, trichome density, oviposition and leaf sheath pigmentation were associated with the expression of resistance/susceptibility to shoot fly, and these can be used as marker traits to select and develop shoot fly‐resistant sorghums. 相似文献
18.
Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
19.
E. Keep 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):843-855
Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F1 hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf
1) and recessive for the other (Rf
2).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph
3(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf
1(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf
1and Rf
2were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf
1, and 0.15 for Lf
1-Sph
3were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph
3.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf
1-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph
3. Poor performance of lf
1- (and possibly lf
2-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off). 相似文献
20.
[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho... 相似文献