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1.
Heterogeneity of random amplified polymorphic DNA sequences in individual seedlings and bulked samples of four cultivars of Brassica napus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using four different random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, a qualitative and quantitative assessment was made of the level of DNA sequence heterogeneity present in the seedlings of four representative Australian rapeseed cultivars. It was found that, depending upon the primer/cultivar combination, the seedlings diverged from total homogeneity to almost complete heterogeneity. The increase or decrease of sample-specific RAPD sequences was evaluated in proportional mixtures of DNA from individual seedlings. These results were then compared with those obtained from bulked DNA samples containing DNA from all the seedlings of a cultivar. From these comparisons, it was found that for a specific RAPD to be detectable in a bulked sample, the particular polymorphism had to be present in at least 15% of the individual seedlings. Even so, the bulked samples produced cultivar-specific RAPD banding patterns with all four primers, showing that any of these primers could be used to identify the different rapeseed cultivars. In contrast to the cultivars ‘Oscar’, ‘Dunkeld’ and ‘Narendra’, the cultivar ‘Rainbow’ was found to be highly heterogeneous—as shown by a diversity of RAPD combinations rather than the presence of differing length RAPDs—and it is suggested that this heterogeneity may be related to the improved tolerance of this cultivar to blackleg infection. 相似文献
2.
Morphological traits and high resolution RAPD markers for the identification of the main strawberry varieties cultivated in Argentina 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Eight genotypes of the main Fragaria×ananassa cultivars grown in Argentina were analysed using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique combined with electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The high resolution of this procedure allowed the detection, with only 13 random primers, of 37 genotype‐specific bands that can be used as markers for verifying the identity of cultivars. By using this approach, three different accessions of the cultivar ‘Pájaro’ exhibited differences in amplification profiles, confirming the need for DNA analysis to prevent misidentification of cultivars. In addition, RAPD bands and morphological traits were used to assess genetic relatedness among cultivars. Comparison of both dendrograms revealed that there is no correlation between the clustering obtained with molecular and morphological characters. 相似文献
3.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the molecular characterization of 10 new radiomutants of chrysanthemum. The original cultivar ‘Richmond’ differed in genetic distance from its Lady group mutants. The analysis of genetic similarity indices revealed low diversity within the radiomutants. The dendrogram obtained after cluster analysis separated the new cultivars as a group that differed from the original cultivar ‘Richmond’. The Lady group cultivars, derived from one original cultivar by radiomutation, could be distinguished from each other by using RAPD markers of only a single primer or sets of two or three primers. Polymerase chain reaction analysis proved the efficiency of the RAPD method for DNA fingerprinting of the original cultivar ‘Richmond’ and its new radiomutants. 相似文献
4.
Twenty two RAPD and 22 ISSR markers were evaluated for their potential use in determination of genetic relationships in chickpea
(Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars and breeding lines. We were able to identify six chickpea cultivars/breeding lines by cultivar-specific markers.
All of the cultivars tested displayed a different phenotype generated either by the RAPD or ISSR primers. Though ISSR primers
generated less markers than RAPD primers, the ISSR primers produced higher levels of polymorphism (% of polymorphic markers
per primer) than RAPD primers. A high level of within cultivar homogeneity was observed in chickpea. Cultivars/breeding lines
originating from a common genetic background showed closer genetic relationship. Chickpea lines with similar seed type(kabuli
or desi) had a tendency to cluster together.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Random amplified polymorphic DN A (RAPD) markers were generated from 13 cultivars and accessions of Cannabis sativa L. Approximately 200 fragments generated by 10 primers of arbitrary sequence were used to assess the level of DNA variation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Dice coefficient of similarity and principal coordinate analysis. The grouping of the accessions according to the cluster analysis was in good agreement with their origin and lines with common ancestors were grouped together. Principal coordinates 1 and 2 revealed a clear separation of Italian and Hungarian germplasm and a third group, including a mixture of genotypes coming from different places; the third coordinate separated the Korean group which is probably the most divergent germplasm. Variability within the two cultivars ‘Carmagnola’ and ‘Fibranova1’ was also shown, suggesting good possibilities for long–term selection work. RAPD markers provide a powerful tool for the investigation of genetic variation in cultivars/accessions of hemp. 相似文献
6.
Genetic diversity in European perennial ryegrass cultivars investigated with RAPD markers 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the most important grass species for temperate grassland agriculture. The genetic relationship and distance among cultivars is largely unknown but of great interest for breeding programmes. The objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the molecular variation and structure of population cultivars, (ii) describe the relationship among cultivars in terms of the modified Rogers’ distance, and (iii) determine the minimum sample size required for characterization of cultivars of L. perenne using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. A total of 22 ryegrass cultivars, mainly of European origin, were investigated with RAPD markers. The minimum sample size required for the characterization of cultivars was about 20 individuals per population. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a much larger genetic variation within cultivars (66%) than between them (34%). 相似文献
7.
Common bunt caused by Tilletia tritici and T. laevis has occurred worldwide and reduces yield and quality in common and durum wheats. The development of DNA markers linked to bunt resistance to race T1 in the cross, ‘Laura’(S) בRL5407’ (R), was carried out in this study based on the single head derived F4:5 and single seed derived F4:6 populations. Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify two random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the gene for resistance to race T1 in the spelt wheat ‘RL5407′. The two markers identified, UBC548590 and UBC274988, flanked the resistance gene with a map distance of 9.1 and 18.2 cM, respectively. The former was linked in repulsion phase to bunt resistance while the later was in coupling phase. The two RAPD markers and the common bunt‐resistance gene all segregated in Mendelian fashion. Use of these two RAPD markers together could assist in incorporating the bunt‐resistance gene from spelt wheat into common wheat cultivars by means of marker‐assisted selection. 相似文献
8.
Genetic diversity and relationships among pea cultivars revealed by RAPDs and AFLPs 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
In order to obtain an overview of the genetic diversity present within the set of pea cultivars released in Germany, 21 cultivars were analysed at the DNA level by random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), as well as for agronomic traits. Yield of grain cultivars ranged from 2.95 to 3.87 t/ha. Based on the screening of 60 RAPD primers and 32 Eco RI + 3/Mse I+3 AFLP primer combinations, 20 RAPD primers and 11 Eco RI + 3/MseI+ 3 primer combinations generating polymorphic and distinct fragments were chosen for estimation of genetic diversity. Twenty RAPD primers amplified a total of 314 scorable bands ranging from about 262 bp to 1996 bp. Of these, 175 fragments (55.7%) were polymorphic. Based on these data, genetic similarity (GS) was estimated between 0.80 (‘Lisa’ vs.‘Grapis’) and 0.94 (‘Bohatyr’ vs. ‘Sponsor’; mean GS = 0.88). Eleven AFLP primer combinations led to the amplification of 949 scorable fragments ranging from 43 to 805 bp and of these, 462 (48.7%) were polymorphic. Genetic similarity based on AFLPs was calculated between 0.85 (‘Lisa’ vs.‘Laser’) and 0.94 (‘Bohatyr’ vs. ‘Sponsor’, mean GS = 0.90). Correlation of genetic similarity estimated on RAPDs and AFLPs was estimated at r = 0.79** using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and at r = 0.84 by the Mantel test, respectively. UPGMA cluster analysis carried out on these data separately for RAPDs and AFLPs and on the combined data reflected, to some extent, pedigree relationships and cophenetic correlations (r = 0.89 for RAPDs, r = 0.88 for AFLPs, and r = 0.93 RAPDs + AFLPs) indicate a good fit of respective clusters to genetic similarity data. The correlation of cluster analyses to pedigree information and the impact on parental genotype selection is discussed. 相似文献
9.
Genetic Relationships in Malus Evaluated by RAPD 'Fingerprinting' of Cultivars and Wild Species 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The potential use of RAPD markers for taxonomic studies in Malus was investigated using 18 accessions of wild species and 27 apple cultivars. 29 preselected random decamer primers were applied to three sets of Malus genotypes. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) ‘fingerprints’ were analysed for polymorphic amplification fragments, and coefficients estimating genetic similarity were calculated on the basis of about 50 polymorphic RAPD loci in each set of genotypes. Cluster analysis by an unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) revealed that, in the cultivars, the molecular classification was in good agreement with the known lineage. A dendrogram generated for the wild species gave relationships that were, in principle, in accordance with the known phylogenetic information. Closely related species from section I were clearly distinguishable from those of sections III and IV. On the molecular level, a high degree of genetic diversity was found among both different apple cultivars and wild species of the genus Malus. The results gave additional evidence for the hypothesis that M. pumila and M. sylvestris were involved in the origin of the cultivated apples. 相似文献
10.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were applied in purity control of hybrid seed production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). DNA from three commercial F1-hybrid cultivars and their parental lines was subjected to RAPD screening with 50 primers. Two of four primers which detected polymorphism between the parents tested, generated paternal-specific RAPDs, enabling a clear distinction to be made between hybrids and their maternal parents. In addition, combination of the polymorphic DNA products generated by these primers exhibited hybrid-specific patterns, enabling each cultivar to be identified. This result indicates the practical usefulness of RAPD markers in hybrid-tomato-seed purity-control tests and cultivar identification. The approach is advantageous in its rapidity and simplicity, particularly as an alternative for those cultivars for which lengthy and costly phenotypic tests are currently used. 相似文献
11.
Black rot is the most devastating disease of cauliflower worldwide causing severe damage to crop. The identification of markers linked to loci that control resistance can facilitate selection of plants for breeding programmes. In the present investigation, F2 population derived from a cross between ‘Pusa Himjyoti’, a susceptible genotype, and ‘BR‐161’, a resistant genotype, was phenotyped by artificial inoculation using Xcc race 1. Segregation analysis of F2 progeny indicated that a single dominant locus governed resistance to Xcc race 1 in ‘BR‐161’. Bulk segregant analysis in resistant and susceptible bulks of F2 progeny revealed seven differentiating polymorphic markers (three RAPD, two ISSR and two SSR) of 102 markers screened. Subsequently, these markers were used to genotype the entire F2 population, and a genetic linkage map covering 74.7 cM distance was developed. The major locus Xca1bo was mapped in 1.6‐cM interval flanked by the markers RAPD 04833 and ISSR 11635. The Xca1bo locus was located on chromosome 3. The linked markers will be useful for marker‐assisted resistance breeding in cauliflower. 相似文献
12.
Genetic variation among five elite winter barley cultivars (H. vulgare L.) currently grown in Bulgaria was assessed at the molecular level using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The present study sampled RFLPs in four well characterized multigene
families in barley: the seed storage protein loci; the 18S, 5.8S and 26S ribosomal DNA loci; the loci coding for 5S ribosomal
RNA and the loci coding subunit α of ATP-A complex in the mitochondrial genome. RFLPs were detected in three out of five investigated
chromosomal loci in the barley cultivars studied. RAPD assay using arbitrary 10-base primers was applied to generate amplified
length polymorphic markers in barley. Overall a total of 15 polymorphic phenotypes were found among the studied barley cultivars
by using 11 out of 25 tested primers. All RAPDs were considered as dominant genetic markers except for two, where PCR and
Southern blot
analysis indicated the presence of codominant amplification products. Five RAPD polymorphisms in F1 and F2 progenies of the cross between Alpha and Obzor were inherited in Mendelian fashion. The determined values for the genetic
variation proved a high genetic similarity among the tested cultivars. Genetic similarity (GS) calculated from RFLP and RAPD data ranged from 0.888 to 0.997 with a mean GS – 0.933.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
E. todorovska A. trikonova M. petrova Z. vitanova E. marinova M. gramatikova D. valcheva S. zaprianov N. mersinkov A. Atanassov 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(6):511-517
In order to assess the genetic variability among regenerants. field trials were conducted with 64 barley lines derived from tissue culture (TCD lines) of four Bulgarian barley varieties. The results indicate that the agronomic performance was altered by tissue culture regeneration and the frequency of variation was cultivar dependent. Seven TCD lines showing desirable agronomic characters were selected in the SC16 progeny. Molecular markers (protein, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) have used applied to determine the variability induced by tissue culture. Polymorphism was detected in sequences coding for C-hordeins in line 70 derived from cv.‘Jubiley’Two lines from cv.‘Ruen’exhibited polymorphic bands after hybridization with a mitochondrial DNA probe. RAPD assays have been carried out using 20 different l0-mer primers. Heritable polymorphisms in several TCD lines have been observed. 相似文献
14.
DNA polymorphism among nine cultivars of Asparagus officinalis L. was measured using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Of 69 reproducible amplification products from 12 arbitrary decamer primers, 49 RAPD markers were polymorphic and could be used to distinguish six German and three Dutch asparagus cultivars. Even with very small sample sizes, genetic similarity measurements based on the RAPD data allowed accurate grouping of the nine cultivars into distinct clusters, with the exception of two individuals which clustered to closely related varieties. Two German cultivars showed high genetic similarity and were distinct from the remaining German varieties. The German and Dutch cultivars were clearly separated by a relatively large genetic distance. 相似文献
15.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to estimate the genetic relationships among 101 soybean cultivars developed in north‐eastern China. Fifty‐three fragments of the 100 RAPD markers and 35 SSR markers tested were polymorphic across the 101 soybean cultivars. Similarity values among these soybean cultivars ranged from 45.2% to 100% for RAPD data, and ranged from 36.1% to 100% for SSR data. The similarity matrices for SSR data and RAPD data were moderately correlated (r = 0.31, P < 0.05). Cluster analyses indicated that the cultivars released from the same seed company were mostly grouped together. A principal component analysis, based on the combined RAPD and SSR data, yielded a good separation of soybean varieties with different maturity ratings [represented by soybean Heat Unit (HU)]. The varieties with HU < 2200 were well separated from those with HU > 2200. Four RAPD markers and eight SSR markers were significantly associated with the maturity ratings of soybean. 相似文献
16.
Harsukh Popatbhai Gajera Rinkal Kishorbhai Domadiya Sunil Vrajlal Patel Baljibhai Arjanbhai Golakiya 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(2):79-88
The genetic variability and relationships among 11 cowpea genotypes representing two cultivars and nine elite genotypes were analyzed using 22 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and nine inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR markers were more efficient than RAPD assay with regards to polymorphism detection. But the average numbers of polymorphic loci per primer and resolution power were found to be higher for RAPD than for ISSR. Also, the total number of genotype specific marker loci, Nei’s genetic diversity, Shannon’s information index, total heterozygosity, and average heterozygosity were prominent in RAPD as compared to ISSR markers. The regression test between the two Nei’s genetic diversity indices showed low regression (0.3733) between ISSR and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities but maximum (0.9823) for RAPD and RAPD + ISSR-based similarities. The RAPD- and ISSR-generated cultivar- or genotype-specific unique DNA fingerprints able to identify the most diverse genotypes. A dendrogram constructed based on RAPD and ISSR combined data indicated a very clear pattern of clustering according to the groups (cultivars and elite genotypes). The results of principal coordinate analysis were comparable to the cluster analysis. Cluster analysis showed that most diverse genotypes (GP-125 — small size with good seed quality; GP-129, GP-90L — big size with poor seed quality) were separated from moderately diverse cultivars and genotypes. The genetic closeness among GP-129 and GP-90L, JCPL-42, and JCPL-107 could be explained by the high degree of commonness in these genotypes. 相似文献
17.
Summary DNA polymorphism among five Asparagus officinalis L. cultivars-Imperial, Snow, Steline, UC-157 and Larac, as detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), is reported. Thirty one decamer primers were tested. and twenty six of them yielded amplification products. Fourteen primers gave products with at least one polymorphic DNA fragment. Among a total of 119 amplified fragments 33 were polymorphic. These RAPD markers enabled the identification of asparagus cultivars. Unique markers for cultivars were: Snow-bands 475 bp, 772 bp, 412 bp, 935 bp and 820 bp amplified by primers D5, OPA-07, OPA-09, OPA-10 and OPA-18, respectively. Steline-bands 645 bp, 680 bp and 997 bp amplified by primers A32, OPA-03 and OPA-09, respectively. A band 903 bp, amplitied by primer OPA-12, is a marker for Imperial, and a band 420 bp, amplified by primer D52, is a marker for Larac. Cultivar UC-157 could be identified by a combination of shared polymorphic bands. The pairwise marker difference between cultivars ranged from 0.08 to 0.17. A phenogram of the genetic relationship based on RAPD fits with the known origin of the cultivars. 相似文献
18.
S.-J. Kwon W.-G. Ha H.-G. Hwang S.-J. Yang H.-C. Choi H.-P. Moon S.-N. Ahn 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(6):487-492
Improving grain yield and quality of ‘Tongil’‐type rice (indica/japonica) continues to be a major breeding objective in Korea. In this study, genetic divergence among 13‘Tongil’‐type rice cultivars was evaluated and the relationship between genetic distance and hybrid performance in all possible nonreciprocal crosses between them assessed. The 78 F1 hybrids together with the 13 parents were evaluated for eight traits of agronomic importance, including yield, in a replicated field trial. The 13 parents were examined for DNA polymorphism using 71 micro‐satellite or simple sequence repeats and 46 random decamer oligonucleotide primers. A total of 319 polymorphic variants were generated and, based on the polymorphism data, genetic distances (GDs) ranged from 0.021 to 0.437. Cluster analysis based on GDs revealed associations among cultivars which was in agreement with the pedigree data. Heterosis was observed in hybrids for most of the traits, and yield exhibited the highest heterosis among the eight traits examined. The correlation values of GDs with F1 performance were mostly nonsignificant, except for yield, culm length and spikelets per panicle. The correlations of GDs with midparent and better‐parent heterosis were not significant enough to be of predictive value. These results indicate that GDs based on the microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers may not be useful for predicting heterotic combinations in ‘Tongil’‐type rice and support the idea that the level of correlation between hybrid performance and genetic divergence is dependent on the germplasm used. 相似文献
19.
Forty-one apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cultivars were screened for RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism)
markers. RAPD analysis was performed with 35 arbitrary 10-mer primers, selected from 60 primers tested (kits A, C and E, Operon
Technologies, Inc.). Of a total of 362bands observed, 208 (57.5%) were polymorphic. Three-hundred-and-eighty-one AFLP fragments
were obtained with 8primer combinations, of which 218 (57.2%) were polymorphic. Cultivars differentiated through mutation
were included in this study and showed identical patterns when analysed with both RAPD and AFLP analysis. The estimated genetic
relationships were correlated (r = 73.7%) between the analysis with the two different markers. UPGMA analysis was performed
and dendrograms were constructed using either the data apart from each(RAPD and AFLP) method or combined in a single joint
matrix. The relationships among the forty-one studied cultivars were basically consistent with the known lineage and geographic
origins of the cultivars. The four Portuguese cultivars included in this study clustered together and diverged from the other
cultivars. Apparently they constitute an independent genetic pool, which could be of interest for apple plant breeders.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
20.
Genetic variation within and between two cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.): Comparisons of morphological,isozyme, and RAPD markers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Morphological, isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic variation within and between cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an important temperate forage legume. Two cultivars of red clover, Essi from Europe and Ottawa from Canada, were evaluated. Six monogenic morphological characters were observed for 80 plants from each of these two cultivars. All six morphological loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Essi whereas only four loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Ottawa. Forty plants from each cultivar were assayed for isozyme markers. A total of 21 enzyme-coding loci with 43 alleles was detected using twelve enzyme systems. Thirteen and nine of these loci were polymorphic in Essi and Ottawa, respectively. The mean number of alleles per locus was 1.81 in Essi and 1.67 in Ottawa. Seventeen random 10-mer primers were screened for RAPD markers. Nine primers which gave clear and consistent amplified products were used to assay 20 individuals from each cultivar. Each primer gave from 7 to 20 amplified bands with an average of 14.8 bands per primer. One hundred and eight of 116 putative loci were polymorphic in Essi and 90 of 98 loci were polymorphic in Ottawa. High within-cultivar variation was observed in both cultivars using both isozyme and RAPD markers. This high polymorphism makes these markers useful for germplasm characterization and genetic studies in red clover. 相似文献