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为探索水牛高低活力精子的差异表达蛋白质（Differentially Expressed Proteins,DEPs）变化，并揭示水牛精子活力相关蛋白质的分子调控机制，本研究通过液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）技术，对成年摩拉水牛精浆、精子、精浆外泌体蛋白质种类及表达量进行比较分析。按照精子活力分为高活力组（0.67±0.02）和低活力组（0.34±0.04），分别提取其精浆外泌体蛋白质进行差异表达分析，鉴定到DEPs共160个。通过GO分析和KEGG通路分析发现，DEPs显著富集到精子部位的顶体素结合蛋白（ACRBP）、精子发育相关的生物调节过程以及“FcγR介导的吞噬作用”、“PPAR信号通路”等多个信号通路。通过构建精浆外泌体DEPs互作网络进一步分析发现，ACRBP、IZUMO1、SPACA1、ADAM2等蛋白质在精子发育调控通路发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles, EVs)是一种由细胞分泌的膜性囊泡结构。外泌体是最小的细胞外囊泡，通过激活细胞特异性受体和信号通路来控制其生物发生，由转运所需的内体分选复合物(endosomal sorting complexes required for transport, ESCRT)依赖性或非依赖性途径调节。外泌体在免疫、中枢神经系统的发育、组织再生、妊娠、精子发育成熟等过程中发挥重要作用。哺乳动物的精浆中大量存在外泌体，参与调节精子活力、抗氧化、精子获能、精卵结合等生理学过程。在妊娠过程中，外泌体促进胚胎着床、母胎双向交流、血管生成，提高妊娠成功率。家禽的繁殖过程也受到外泌体的调控。目前研究表明，鸡的精液中已被证实外泌体的存在，与维持精子活力相关。进入母鸡生殖道的精子储存在母鸡的贮精囊中，贮精囊细胞会分泌外泌体样细胞外囊泡，并作用于精子，增加贮精囊中精子的存活率，保证精子活力，促进精卵结合。文章主要阐述了外泌体的生成机制及其在哺乳动物和禽类繁殖过程中的作用，为进一步推动畜禽繁殖工作的发展提供参考。 相似文献
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除去精浆对波尔山羊冷冻精液品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以波尔山羊精液为实验材料,采用二步稀释法在降温前以葡萄糖-卵黄液为洗涤液,应用离心洗涤法对波尔山羊精液进行1000r/min离心处理,制作细管冻精,并进行超微结构分析.结果表明:经离心处理的冻精精子活率极显著优于对照组(P<0.01),精子顶体完整率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01) ,精子存活时间不同处理间未见显著差异(P>0.05).精浆中包含有多种物质,充当精子载体的作用,并可稀释精子,为精子提供代谢物质.试验中除去精浆后精子活率、 顶体完整率均优于对照组,表明除去精浆对冷冻后的精子品质有提高作用. 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(19)
外泌体(exosome)尺寸大小为30~100 nm,可由多种细胞分泌到胞外,如T细胞、B细胞、上皮细胞、树突状细胞和肿瘤细胞等,尿液、血液、乳液、唾液和精液等生物体液中也能分离到外泌体。外泌体作为一种新型的物质携带载体,被证明能够携带蛋白质、DNA、mRNA和miRNA等具有生物活性的物质,并将这些物质转运到受体细胞,改变受体细胞遗传信息。外泌体的研究从最开始的分离鉴定已经逐渐过渡到相关功能的验证。例如,外泌体能够携带病毒特异性结构蛋白参与病毒在细胞间的传递,病毒依靠外泌体逃避机体免疫监控;癌细胞分泌的外泌体能够影响癌细胞的转移和扩散;母乳中的外泌体能够通过自身携带的营养物质调节子代免疫系统发育等。因此,外泌体功能的研究与利用已成为当下研究的热点。 相似文献
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外泌体(exosomes)是由多种细胞分泌的囊状小体,内含大量的蛋白质、RNA和脂类等重要物质,在细胞间物质与信息的传递中起着重要作用。目前,对于外泌体的研究主要集中在肿瘤诊断和治疗等方面,而对于寄生虫领域外泌体的研究则刚刚起步。已有研究证明,寄生虫可利用外泌体作为细胞间通讯和与宿主联系的工具,通过多种机制产生外泌体,广泛传递其自身分子,调节宿主的免疫系统;还会利用外泌体相互转移传递毒力因子、药物抗性基因和分化因子,对疾病的发生发展具有重要作用。论文主要对外泌体在感染人类的多种寄生性原虫中的研究进展做一综述,为外泌体在寄生虫领域的研究提供新的思路。 相似文献
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外泌体(EVs)也称作胞外囊泡,是细胞内多泡体与细胞膜融合后释放到细胞外基质中的磷脂双分子层小囊泡。1983年,研究人员在绵羊网织红细胞中首次发现外泌体,最初认为外泌体只是细胞代谢废物,但随着对其生物来源、物质构成、运输、细胞间信号传导及在体液中分布等方面深入研究,发现外泌体具有多种功能。近年来研究发现,外泌体在肿瘤早期诊断、肿瘤转移和扩散等方面都扮演重要角色,并且有可能成为新型药物载体应用在肿瘤治疗方面。随着外泌体功能和生物学特点的深入研究,这种新型药物载体技术也有可能应用到抗寄生虫病,为寄生虫病的治疗提供新思路。 相似文献
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外泌体(exosome)是一种广泛存在于各种体液环境和部分组织中的纳米级、均一性膜性囊泡,主要由蛋白质、脂质、mRNA、miRNA和lncRNA等多种生物成分构成。近年来,研究学者已从不同动物的卵泡液中分离出外泌体,并证实卵泡液外泌体参与卵泡颗粒细胞的增殖、卵子的形成及发育、动物受精、胚胎发育、以及雄性动物生殖功能等一系列生殖过程,为进一步研究卵泡液外泌体对哺乳动物生殖功能的调控提供新思路。作者重点阐述了卵泡液外泌体分离鉴定的方法、主要成分以及调控哺乳动物生殖功能的分子机制的最新进展,为全面了解外泌体结构功能、生发凋亡和作用机制提供参考,为利用外泌体探索动物生殖理论和提高动物繁殖技术并将其应用于生产实际提供相关基础信息。 相似文献
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试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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B. Cinar Kul N. Bilgen J.A. Lenstra O. Korkmaz Agaoglu B. Akyuz O. Ertugrul 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2015,132(6):449-453
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded. 相似文献
19.
Ling GV Thurmond MC Choi YK Franti CE Ruby AL Johnson DL 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):817-823
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors. 相似文献
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<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems. 相似文献