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1.
为研究鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)M41标准毒株在鸡胚上的最佳生产工艺,试验用IBV M41株分别以不同剂量接种同一胚龄不同鸡胚、不同胚龄普通鸡胚,以及IBV M41株接种普通鸡胚后不同培养时间收获鸡胚尿囊液,比较不同培养条件下制备病毒液的产量及病毒效价。结果显示:IBV M41株接种无传染性支气管炎病毒母源抗体的SPF鸡胚最佳病毒接种剂量为104.5EID50,接种含有IBV母源抗体的普通鸡胚最佳病毒接种剂量为105.1EID50,最佳接种胚龄为11日胚龄,最佳收毒时间为48 h。按照此工艺制备疫苗,免疫SPF鸡,IBV抗体效价均符合规程标准。研究结果为用鸡胚高效、大量生产IBV M41株病毒抗原进而生产合格的IB疫苗提供了数据支持。  相似文献   

2.
为了探讨悬浮培养和鸡胚尿囊液培养得到的H9亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)抗原制备的疫苗的免疫效力,试验用3株H9亚型AIV株分别接种微载体悬浮培养的MDCK细胞制备3种悬浮培养的细胞疫苗抗原,以3株H9亚型AIV株接种10日龄SPF鸡胚制备3种鸡胚尿囊液抗原,测定6种抗原液HA效价和鸡胚半数感染量(EID50);分别使用6种抗原液制备灭活疫苗,免疫21日龄SPF鸡,并在免疫后第21天采血测定HI抗体水平,采血后进行攻毒并在攻毒后第5天进行病毒分离试验。结果表明:两种方式制备的AIV抗原HA效价为7~9 lb,鸡胚半数感染量为1×106.9~7.9EID50,疫苗免疫后第21天用同源毒株作为工作抗原测定的免疫鸡HI效价差异不大,用异源毒株测定时有一定差异;两种方法得到的抗原制备的疫苗均能获得很好攻毒保护。  相似文献   

3.
为研究新城疫病毒(NDV)La Sota株和鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)M41株在低免疫鸡胚中进行同胚接种培养的可行性,通过将不同稀释倍数的La Sota株和M41株接种同一低免疫鸡胚,分别测定收获尿囊液La Sota株和M41株含量,确定最佳的稀释倍数以及适宜的培养温度和培养时间。结果显示:La Sota株和M41株以10 000∶5 000的比例稀释,培养96 h病毒含量和收获量最佳,La Sota株含量可达到109.17EID50/0.1 m L,HA效价为1∶1 024,M41株含量可达到106.50EID50/0.1 m L。接种后孵育温度为36.5℃时,每胚收获量比37℃培养增加了1.0～1.2 m L。按照此工艺生产病毒制备疫苗免疫SPF鸡,NDV和IBV抗体均符合国家标准要求。试验探索并优化了La Sota株和M41株在低免疫鸡胚中同胚接种的培养条件,为大规模抗原生产提供数据支持。  相似文献   

4.
鸡传染性支气管炎H120、W93株活疫苗生产工艺的改进   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
分别以鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(In-fectiousbronchitisvirus,IBV)H120株、W93株不同病毒量接种10、12日龄SPF鸡胚,并改变后孵化温度生产抗原液,接种后不同时间收获胚液,根据鸡胚的早死率以及胚液的收获量、病毒滴度,选择最佳的生产工艺。结果表明,IBVH120株、W93株以102.7EID50/0.1mL的病毒量接种12日龄鸡胚尿囊腔,在34.5℃孵育35h,可较为显著地降低早死胚率,提高产毒量,且抗原液病毒滴度符合疫苗制备规程的要求。  相似文献   

5.
为了探讨CpG寡核苷酸（CpG oligonucleotide,CpG ODN）对鸡新城疫疫苗免疫效力的影响,将CpG2007与鸡淋巴细胞共孵育,测定淋巴细胞增殖率,结果发现CpG2007对鸡淋巴细胞具有显著的刺激活性。将CpG2007与不同浓度的新城疫抗原混合,制备灭活疫苗,免疫健康雏鸡。分别于免疫后不同时间采血,测定抗体效价和细胞因子表达量,并进行攻毒保护试验。结果发现,添加CpG ODN佐剂的试验组均比对应相同抗原剂量的免疫对照组的抗体水平高,产生抗体速度快;抗原剂量降低10倍的佐剂试验组与高抗原剂量免疫对照组抗体水平和攻毒保护率均相当,表明CpG ODN能显著增强新城疫疫苗的免疫效力,能促进机体产生更强烈的免疫应答,是有效的疫苗佐剂候选物质。  相似文献   

6.
为研究由悬浮培养的MDCK细胞制备的H9亚型AIV抗原所制备的灭活疫苗的免疫剂量,在生物反应器中悬浮培养MDCK细胞,接种H9亚型禽流感病毒WD98和HN04种毒,收获抗原液,以2种抗原液分别制备2个毒株的单价油佐剂灭活疫苗。每种疫苗均按照0.3、0.2、0.1、0.05mL/只(107.5 EID50/只~105.52 EID50/只)的剂量接种21日龄SPF鸡,免疫接种后3周采血测定AIV的HI抗体,采血后分别用与制苗株同源的H9亚型AIV种毒静脉注射攻毒,测定疫苗保护率。2种疫苗不同剂量免疫接种后21d的AIV HI抗体水平达到3.8log2~5.6log2,对照组鸡AIV HI抗体均为0log2。攻毒试验证实,以105.52 EID50/只~107.5 EID50/只剂量进行免疫接种,免疫鸡只获得了80%以上的保护。按照兽药典H9亚型禽流感疫苗攻毒保护率90%为合格的标准,悬浮培养MDCK细胞制备的H9亚型禽流感疫苗的最小免疫接种剂量为106.82 EID50/只。  相似文献   

7.
为研究利用不同纯化浓缩方法制备的新城疫疫苗对SPF鸡免疫效果的影响,试验取经过纯化浓缩的新城疫抗原制备的疫苗、经离心未经浓缩的抗原制备成的疫苗和经浓缩未离心的抗原制备成的疫苗分别免疫30日龄SPF鸡,免疫后分别在第7d、14 d、21 d、28 d、35 d、45 d、70 d、90 d采集血清检测新城疫抗体水平。结果表明,经浓缩纯化后抗原制备的疫苗与其他两组抗原制备的疫苗相比,物理外观性状基本相同,浓缩纯化后抗原制备的疫苗其单位抗原含量更高、杂质更少,抗体水平更高,统计数据显示差异显著。因此研究得出,浓缩倍数(即抗原含量)越高,抗体水平越高,持续的时间也越长。  相似文献   

8.
禽流感(H5、H9亚型)二价油乳剂灭活疫苗试验研究   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
本品系用A型禽流感病毒A／Ostrich／Denmark／72420／96(LPAI-H5N2)株及A／Chicken／Shanghai／1／98(H9N2)株分别接种易感鸡胚、收获感染胚液、超滤浓缩后经甲醛溶液灭活，加油佐剂混合乳化制成的油乳剂灭活疫苗。疫苗用4周龄SPF鸡作安全试验，每只鸡肌肉注射2ml，结果表明试验鸡均无全身症状和局部病变，证明疫苗安全性良好。取疫苗一羽份免疫4周龄SPF鸡作效力检验，免疫鸡全部获得保护，对照鸡全部感染或死亡。经不同免疫剂量测定，证明一羽份疫苗中至少含有8个免疫剂量。免疫干扰试验证明两种抗原具有免疫协同作用。  相似文献   

9.
本文采用新型分子筛凝胶作为浓缩剂对新城疫病毒感染鸡胚的尿囊毒进行了浓缩实验,结果表明,该浓缩胶可使新城疫病毒浓缩９６．２４倍,病毒的损失量为８．６５％,用浓缩胶浓缩新城疫病毒后并制成灭活苗,浓缩苗进行鸡的免疫实验,以研究浓缩疫苗的免疫效果。浓缩新城疫抗原后制备的灭活苗在免疫后８天抗体水平迅速上升,ＨＩ为５．６,并持续上升,均高于对照组,说明浓缩疫苗可以使鸡产生较高的抗体水平。  相似文献   

10.
为确定禽脑脊髓炎(AE)、鸡痘(AP)二联活疫苗的安全性、最小免疫剂量及免疫效力,自制3批二联活疫苗进行研究。结果显示,鸡接种10倍剂量疫苗后精神、食欲及发育均正常,临床表现和剖检均无异常;AEV YBF02株的最小免疫剂量为100 EID50,鸡痘鹌鹑化弱毒株的最小免疫剂量为10 EID50;3批疫苗AEV YBF02株的病毒含量均≥103.2EID50/羽份,鸡痘鹌鹑化弱毒株的病毒含量均≥103.4EID50/羽份,攻毒后保护指数为89~100。试验表明,自制二联活疫苗安全、有效、质量可控,可用于预防禽脑脊髓炎和鸡痘。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.  相似文献   

17.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

18.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

20.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

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