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1.
半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)生长具有明显的性别二态性,性成熟雌鱼体重显著高于雄鱼。鱼体肌肉占体重的40%~60%,肌肉生长是生长性状的核心,而myostatin (mstn)基因是肌肉生长发育的负调控因子,对成肌细胞的增殖具有抑制作用。本研究旨在探究肌肉生长发育过程中,mstn基因在半滑舌鳎雌、雄鱼的时空表达模式及其与雌、雄鱼生长差异的关系。结果显示,在所检测的1龄鱼的9个组织中,mstn在肌肉中的表达量最高。不同发育时期的肌肉组织定量结果显示,1龄和2龄雄鱼中的表达量显著高于雌鱼(P<0.05),而在选取的其他时期,雌、雄鱼之间的表达量不存在显著差异。原位杂交结果显示,mstn基因的表达位置在肌纤维边缘,即成肌细胞增殖分化的位置。本文系统研究了肌肉生长发育的负调控因子mstn在半滑舌鳎雌、雄鱼中的时空表达模式,为深入研究半滑舌鳎雌、雄鱼生长差异的原因及其机制提供了基础。 相似文献
2.
前期报道了利用尼罗罗非鱼LG22上性别连锁的分子标记检测到养殖群体存在天然XY雌鱼,但其能否用于培育YY超雄罗非鱼尚不清楚。本研究首先引入遗传性别受LG22染色体严格控制的CQ尼罗罗非鱼群体和具有天然XY雌鱼的WC群体,将CQ群体XY雄鱼与WC XY雌鱼杂交,检验杂交F1 YY超雄鱼是否可用于控制后代性别,并比较杂交F1 XY和YY罗非鱼体质量、性腺指数、血清激素水平和性腺基因表达情况。研究发现,CQ XY雄鱼和WC XY雌鱼交配,获得的F1 中具有25%的YY超雄鱼,经鉴定为全雄且可育。将F1 YY超雄鱼与WC XX雌鱼、WC XY雌鱼（母本）、杂交F1 XX雌鱼和CQ XX雌鱼交配,后代几乎全雄,仅在与F1 XX雌鱼交配后代中有2尾雌鱼（雄性率98%）。在孵化后180 d,杂交F1中XY和YY个体的体重、性腺指数、血清激素水平差异不显著。基因表达分析发现,YY鱼精巢中AmhX/AmhY mRNA表达显著高于XY鱼,而Dmrt1 和Cyp11b2 mRNA表达水平差异不显著。杂交F1 YY和XY鱼生理指标无明显差异。因此,采用尼罗罗非鱼天然XY雌鱼能够培育YY超雄鱼,且该YY超雄鱼能够用于罗非鱼性别控制。 相似文献
3.
以尼罗罗非鱼为对象,通过体外注射雌二醇、睾酮,测定注射后6、12、24h雌、雄鱼消化酶(胃蛋白酶、肠淀粉酶、肠脂肪酶)活性,并采用荧光定量PCR方法比较雌、雄鱼脑组织脑肠肽、瘦素、食欲素、神经肽Y、胆囊收缩素mRNA表达量的变化。注射后6、12、24h,雌二醇显著升高雌鱼脑肠肽、神经肽Y mRNA表达量(P0.05),但不显著影响雄鱼;雌二醇降低雌鱼瘦素mRNA表达量;24h,雌二醇显著升高雌鱼食欲素表达量(P0.05),其他时间点影响不显著;雌二醇显著降低雌鱼胆囊收缩素mRNA表达量。注射睾酮显著升高雄鱼脑肠肽、神经肽Y mRNA表达量(P0.05),但雌鱼影响不显著,睾酮降低雄鱼瘦素mRNA表达量,6、24h时显著升高雌鱼瘦素mRNA表达量,12h时影响不明显;24h时睾酮显著升高雄鱼食欲素表达量(P0.05),其他时间点影响不显著。结果表明,雌二醇显著升高雌鱼、睾酮显著升高雄鱼促摄食基因(脑肠肽、神经肽Y)表达量,同时雌二醇降低雌鱼、睾酮升高雄鱼抑制瘦素表达量,对雌、雄鱼脂肪酶、蛋白酶活性影响不明显,性类固醇激素可通过调节摄食水平影响尼罗罗非鱼雌、雄鱼生长。 相似文献
4.
在水产养殖业中，鱼类雌雄个体的生长速度是有差异的，雄鱼的生长速度比雌鱼快得多，而且有些种类相差很大，如尼罗罗非鱼和莫桑比克罗非鱼。因此，如何通过性别控制的方法获得生长快速的单性鱼，供应给养殖户进行养殖，是很有理论价值和经济价值的实践与研究。[第一段] 相似文献
5.
罗非鱼 (Ｏｒｅｏｃｈｒｏｍｉｓｓｐｐ )的雄鱼比雌鱼长得快、长得大 (叶冀雄 ,1983) [1] 。有两种方法可生产全雄或超雄罗非鱼用作商品鱼 :其一是激素法(马仲波 ,1984 ;胡逸农等 ,1979) [2 ,3] ,在鱼苗开始吃食时人工哺拌有甲基睾丸酮的饲料以促使雌鱼雄性化 ,但是对人体和生态环境的影响受到质疑 ;另一种是通过杂交法产生 (江山 ,1984 ) [4 ] ,如奥利亚雄鱼 (性染色体组成是ＺＺ)与尼罗罗非鱼雌鱼 (性染色体组成是ＸＸ)杂交 ,由于染色体Ｚ的雄性性别决定基因强于Ｘ染色体上的雌性基因 ,所以其子代鱼应该全是ＺＸ型雄鱼 ,但如果其它染色体… 相似文献
6.
雌核发育彭泽鲫后代理论上应为全雌群体,前期研究发现实验室养殖彭泽鲫F1代(相比池塘养殖)和实验室高密度养殖F2代(1.28尾/L,相比低密度0.64尾/L)组中出现了高比例的雄鱼。之前研究认为Vtg B和ZP2基因是雌性特异性表达的基因,本试验对F1、F2代雌雄鱼Vtg B和ZP2表达及卵黄蛋白原含量差异进行研究,结果发现,实验室养殖F1代雄鱼性腺中Vtg B和ZP2的表达分别极显著和显著高于雌鱼(P0.01,P0.05);池塘养殖F1代雄鱼性腺中Vtg B和ZP2的表达分别极显著高于和低于雌鱼(P0.01);F2代低密度养殖组中雄鱼性腺中ZP2的表达极显著高于雌鱼(P0.01)。实验室养殖F1代雄鱼肝胰脏中Vtg B和ZP2的表达分别极显著高于和低于雌鱼(P0.01);池塘养殖F1代雄鱼肝胰脏Vtg B和ZP2的表达均极显著低于雌鱼(P0.01);F2代雄鱼肝胰脏中Vtg B和ZP2的表达极显著高于雌鱼(P0.01)。F1代实验室养殖雄鱼全鱼卵黄蛋白原含量极显著低于雌鱼(P0.01);F1代池塘养殖雄鱼性腺、肝胰脏中卵黄蛋白原含量分别极显著高于和低于雌鱼(P0.01);F2代雄鱼性腺、肝胰脏中卵黄蛋白原含量极显著高于雌鱼(P0.01)。本研究表明,彭泽鲫Vtg B和ZP2基因并非雌性特异性表达,且不同的养殖方式、密度影响雌雄鱼Vtg B和ZP2表达及卵黄蛋白原含量。 相似文献
7.
本实验应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳方法对莫桑比克罗非鱼(Tilapia mossambica)和尼罗罗非鱼(Tilapia milotica)及其杂交种——福寿鱼(T.missambica ?×T.nilotica ?)的血清蛋白进行了分离,同时对其雌性特异蛋白进行了氨基酸组成分析。莫桑比克罗非鱼的血清蛋白电泳图型具有 12—14条蛋白质带,尼罗罗非鱼有12—13条蛋白质带,杂交种—福寿鱼有12—15条蛋白质带;三种鱼血清蛋白电泳图型在雌、雄性别上有明显的差异。莫桑比克罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼的成熟雌鱼有两条新的蛋白质带,这些带都比同种的雄鱼所显示的颜色深。杂交种——福寿鱼的血清蛋白电泳图型,为其亲本的中介型。 此外,本文还对雌性特异蛋白的蛋白质带,进行了氨基酸组成分析。 相似文献
8.
鱼类通过选育获得优良生长性状的遗传分子机制目前尚不清楚。实验分析比较了2种不同生长速率福瑞鲤2号肌肉组织的转录组文库。组装后共获得392 238条测序序列(contigs)。其中可比对上斑马鱼、弓斑东方鲀、青鳉、三刺鱼、尼罗罗非鱼和松浦镜鲤的蛋白序列的比例为56.01%～77.71%。2种不同生长速率福瑞鲤2号肌肉转录组比较,获得749个差异表达基因,包括348个上调基因和401个下调基因。鉴定出了与肌肉生长相关关键基因,如mb、myl2b、tnni1、fhl1、lamb3和pdk2等。研究结果为后续基因功能的研究以及鱼类新品种优良生长性状的分子机制解析奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
在尼罗罗非鱼性转化试验工作的基础上,有倾向性地选择试验中生长快、个体大或具有雄性副性特征的雌鱼与正常的雄性XY个体自然杂交。通过早期鱼苗性腺压片观察和子代性成熟后雌雄鉴定及个体解剖观察,试验组中出现了典型的XY雄与XY雌鱼杂交的子代1/4雌和3/4雄分布比例,佐证了尼罗罗非鱼遗传型为XX雌-XY雄型。结果表明,XY型雌鱼可存活,性腺可正常发育,并有生殖能力;子代出现3/4的雄性个体也侧证了1/4YY超雄个体存在并可存活的可能性,为进一步试验研究提供了实践依据;XY雌鱼与XX雌鱼存在外观差异,在一定程度上可通过这些性状选择XY雌鱼,为后期单倍体、雌核二倍体试验提供方便。 相似文献
10.
为研究半滑舌鳎雌雄个体大小和生长速度差异悬殊的分子机理,采集来自同一亲本、同一发育阶段的半滑舌鳎雄鱼和雌鱼脑垂体,分别与Affymetrix的斑马鱼基因芯片杂交,筛选差异表达基因。芯片杂交结果显示二者共有1 051个基因检测到明显的杂交信号,其中上调基因486个,下调基因561个。进一步比较雄鱼和雌鱼杂交信号的比值(Ratio值),有39个基因的Ratio值小于0.6或大于1.5,其中sh3gl1b、meis2.1、acta1、Noxa、slc25a5这5种上调基因和col1a2、klf7、acta2这3种下调基因可能与半滑舌鳎雌雄生长差异相关。这一结果为深入研究半滑舌鳎雌雄性别分化与生长调控机制提供了新思路。 相似文献
11.
Growth performance, survival and feed utilization of diploid (2n) and triploid (3n) sex‐reversed male and female Nile tilapia were evaluated at maintenance feeding (1% body weight (BW) day?1), fixed feeding (3% BW day?1) and apparent satiation feeding levels in a freshwater recirculation system comprised of thirty‐six 1‐m3 concrete tanks at the Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand. Triploid Nile tilapia (3n) was produced by subjecting fertilized diploid (2n) tilapia eggs to heat shock. After hatching, fish were sex‐reversed to all‐male and all‐female populations by oral administration of 17 α‐methyltestosterone (60 mg kg?1 feed) and ethynylestradiol (100 mg kg?1 feed) respectively. There was significantly higher growth with increased ration levels in both male and female groups. There were no significant differences in final BW, specific growth rate, survival rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio between diploid and triploid fish. Triploids had lower gonad weights than diploids, and this was particularly evident at the satiation feeding level. Triploid fish had a significantly higher apparent net protein utilization and percentage of gutted weight than diploids at all feeding levels. Higher protein utilization efficiency of triploids might be an advantage for commercial tilapia culture but further research is necessary to make such a conclusion. 相似文献
12.
Effects of Estradiol and Testosterone on the Expression of Growth‐related Genes in Female and Male Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mengmeng Yue Jinliang Zhao Shoujie Tang Yan Zhao 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2018,49(1):216-228
Nile tilapia exhibits strong sexual growth dimorphism. The potential role of sex steroid hormones in sexual growth dimorphism is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) on growth rate, plasma sex hormones, and expression of growth hormone (GH)‐insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) axis genes and muscle regulatory factor (MRF) genes in female and male Nile tilapia. The results revealed that serum concentrations of E2 and T were significantly higher after correlative injection (P < 0.05). Compared to male fish, female fish had lower growth rates. E2 increased growth performance in females with no significant effects on males, whereas T significantly increased growth performance in males, with no significant effects on females. In females, E2 significantly increased expression of ghr1, ghr2, igf1, and igf2, while T decreased igf2 and increased ghr1 and ghr2 expression. In males, T increased expression of igf1, igf2, ghr1, and ghr2, and E2 decreased expression of igf1, ghr1, and ghr2. Additionally, E2 and T enhanced the expression of MRF genes (myod1, myod2, myog, and myf5) in female and male fish, respectively. The results suggest that sex steroid hormones play a role in sexual growth dimorphism by regulating the expression of GH‐IGF axis and MRF genes. 相似文献
13.
A 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of substituting fish oil with palm oil‐laden spent bleaching clay (SBC), a by‐product from crude palm oil (CPO) refining, on growth, feed utilization, fatty acid composition and heavy metal accumulation in the muscle of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic practical diets were formulated to contain 0, 100, 200 or 300 g kg?1 SBC. Growth performance of Nile tilapia was significantly better in fish fed the 100 g kg?1 SBC diet compared with fish fed the 0, 200 or 300 g kg?1 SBC diet. Growth and feed utilization efficiency of fish fed 200 or 300 g kg?1 SBC were similar to fish fed the control diet without added SBC. Whole‐body composition, body‐organ indices and haematocrit of tilapia were not affected by dietary treatments. Fatty acid compositions in the muscle lipid of Nile tilapia were strongly influenced by dietary treatments with progressively elevated levels of total saturates and n‐6 PUFA because of the dietary influence of these fatty acids from residual CPO adsorbed onto SBC. A gradual decrease in total n‐3 PUFA concentrations were also observed with the ratio of n‐3 to n‐6 fatty acids in muscle lipids decreasing from 4.75 to 4.41, 3.23 or 2.37 after 8 weeks on the 0, 100, 200 or 300 g kg?1 SBC diet, respectively. The arsenic, cadmium and lead concentrations in the experimental diets increased with increasing dietary levels of SBC but the concentrations of these heavy metals in the whole body and bone of Nile tilapia were not significantly different among fish fed the various diets. The present 8‐week study showed that in fishmeal‐based diets for Nile tilapia, palm oil‐laden SBC can totally replace added fish oil. The use of this presently discarded waste product from palm oil refining in tilapia diets will greatly contribute to reducing the impact of rising feed costs in the culture of tilapia in many tropical countries. Other potential benefits may include acting as a feed binder, removal of mycotoxins in fish feeds as well as adsorbing toxic substances present in the culture water. 相似文献
14.
《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2004,229(1-4):79-87
The resistance to disease caused by the Aeromonas sobria in three genotypes of tilapia, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) and their hybrid (female Nile tilapia×male blue tilapia) was studied. Based on comparison of median lethal dose (LD50), functions of nonspecific immunity, including total amount of complements, bactericidal reaction by alternative pathway of complement (C3 shunt), percentage of erythrocyte C3b receptor aggregates, leukocyte phagocytic function, as well as erythrocyte active rosette of T lymphocyte, it is indicated that the hybrid has the highest resistance to the disease caused by A. sobria, while blue tilapia has the lowest resistance. 相似文献
15.
采用自雌鱼口腔中取出受精卵人工孵化的方法建立了尼罗罗非鱼家系20个。受精后9d,将各家系鱼苗分成两份,分别在28℃(对照组)和36℃(高温诱导组)下养殖,诱导处理12d后,统计高温诱导期成活率并将实验鱼转入自然水温下培育,养殖60～120d后对各实验组的雄性率及生长情况进行测定。结果表明,高温处理对仔鱼的成活率没有影响,但能显著提高某些家系的雄性率,如F27(诱导组88%,对照组49%)、F37(诱导组90%,对照组53%)和F41(诱导组91%,对照组53%);高温处理后多数家系的雄性率略有升高,但不显著;有两个家系高温诱导组雄性率低于对照组,分别是F8(诱导组43%,对照组46%)和F35(诱导组29%,对照组38%),这显示了尼罗罗非鱼性别分化受遗传和环境因子共同作用。生长情况测定结果表明,高温诱导对发育初期罗非鱼的生长没有显著影响。本研究结果说明,高温处理能显著提高某些家系的雄性率,高温诱导和家系选择有望成为高雄性率尼罗罗非鱼新品种培育的新的技术手段。 相似文献
16.
Min Zhao Shouqi Xie Xiaoming Zhu Nanqin Gan 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2006,261(3):960-966
A 12-week growth trial was conducted in a flow-through system to investigate the chronic toxic effect of dietary intake of cyanobacteria on growth, feed utilization and microcystins accumulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) (initial body weight: 5.6 g). Six isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated to include different contents of cyanobacteria with the dietary microcystins increasing from 0 to 5460.06 ng/g diet. The results showed that dietary intake of cyanobacteria could increase the growth of tilapia while there are no impacts on feed conversion efficiency or mortality. Feeding rate was higher for the diets containing highest cyanobacteria. Microcystins were mostly accumulated in fish liver. The relationship between microcystins contents in muscle, liver, spleen and dietary intake could be described by quadratic equations.Microcystins content in the muscle of Nile tilapia in present study exceeded the upper limit of the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of microcystins suggested by the WHO (0.04 μg/kg body weight/d). It is suggested that Nile tilapia fed on toxic cyanobacteria is not suitable for human food. 相似文献
17.
利用qRT-PCR系统分析了高温诱导对8月龄尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)性腺组织中8个性别分化相关基因、4个热激蛋白基因及2个甲基转移酶基因表达的影响。结果显示, 高温诱导能显著下调卵巢发育相关基因Cyp19a1a、ERα和ERβ的表达水平(P<0.05), 但对雌鱼精巢发育相关基因Cyp11b2和Dmrt1的表达水平没有显著影响(P>0.05), 这与高温对性腺分化期罗非鱼性别分化相关基因表达的影响不同。高温诱导后雌雄鱼性腺中Hsp70的表达水平显著上升(P<0.05), 而DNAJB1的表达水平却显著下降(P<0.05), Hsp27和Hsp90的表达水平无显著变化。高温诱导能显著上调雌鱼性腺中Dnmt1与Dnmt3a基因的表达水平(P<0.05)。本研究通过分析高温诱导对性成熟尼罗罗非鱼性别分化相关基因表达的影响, 旨在揭示高温诱导对罗非鱼性别分化相关基因表达的影响具有一定的时期特异性, 为研究温度影响鱼类性别分化的分子机理提供基础。
18.
Fertilization of ultraviolet (UV) irradiated oocytes of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), with sperm from O, niloticus or blue tilapia, O, aureus (Steindachner), and subsequent suppression of the first cleavage of fertilized eggs successfully induced androgenesis in Nile and blue tilapia. The optimal doses of UV irradiation to denucleate a female genome of Nile tilapia prior to androgenesis ranged from 5940 to 6930 erg mm?2 for 54-63 s at a fixed intensity of 110 erg mm?2 s?1. Putative androgenetic fish were created from eggs which were irradiated at various times and several durations of heat-shock. Eggs which were treated for 5 min at 41.6 oC at 2 7.5 min after fertilization were the most successful at suppressing the first cleavage and producing viable androgenetic diploids in Nile or hybrid Nile X blue tilapia. The maximal survivals of putative androgenetic diploids in relation to the control were 1.60% and 0.90% in Nile and hybrid Nile X blue tilapia, respectively. The androgenetic offspring established exhibited active feeding and normal growth. 相似文献
19.
Mohamed A Sweilum 《Aquaculture Research》2006,37(11):1079-1089
The effects of sublethal doses of dimethoate (20, 10 and 5 mg L?1) and malathion (2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 mg L?1) on growth parameters, haematological properties and total production of Nile tilapia (12.0 cm length and 40.0 g weight) and water quality were studied in fibreglass tanks (3 m2) for 24 weeks. Results showed that malathion compounds were more toxic than dimethoate. The sublethal toxicity of pesticides decreased plankton abundance and water quality in fish ponds. In comparison with controls, sublethal levels of these pesticides led to a significant decrease (P<0.05) in final body weight, specific growth rate and normalized biomass index of fish. The survival rate of Nile tilapia decreased with increasing concentrations of pesticides. Feed utilization (total food consumed, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio) varied with pesticide treatments. The erythrocyte count, haematocrit value and haemoglobin content of Nile tilapia were slightly decreased with increasing concentrations of pesticides. In addition, serum protein decreased, while serum glucose and lipid increased. Further, glycogen, protein and lipid in fish muscle gradually decreased with increased pesticide concentrations. Pesticide residues in the liver, gills and muscles of fish increased with increased pesticide concentrations in fish ponds. Their bioaccumulation in the liver was higher than in gill or muscle, which had the lowest residues for these pesticides. On the other hand, total production, net returns and profitability of reared fish decreased with increasing of concentrations of pesticides. Generally, sublethal concentrations of two pesticides in aquatic areas led to degradation of water quality and fish production in ponds. 相似文献
20.
Sultanul Arafin Shemeen Ahmad Amrit N Bart Yang Yi James E Rakocy James S Diana 《Aquaculture Research》2010,41(6):904-912
This is the first controlled experiment to quantify the effect of introduced tilapia on indigenous species. This experiment was conducted in small earthen ponds (100 m2) to assess the impact of mixed‐sex or all‐male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on small indigenous species (SIS) commonly found in south Asia, mola (Amblypharyngodon mola), chela (Chela cachius) and punti (Puntius sophore). Ponds were fertilized, then stocked with 0.56 fish m?2 of water surface area in the mixed‐sex and all‐male tilapia treatments and 0.42 fish m?2 in the treatment without tilapia. No additional nutritional inputs were applied after stocking. Treatments were: mixed‐sex tilapia with SIS, mono‐sex male tilapia with SIS and SIS without tilapia (control). All treatments were stocked with 14 fish per species. All species reproduced during the 21‐month culture duration. The number of recruits varied by species, Tilapia reproduced in greater numbers than SIS. Tilapia numbers at harvest were the highest (451 ± 25/100 m2) in the mixed‐sex treatment compared with mola (221 ± 22/100 m2), chela (94 ± 8/100 m2) and punti (100 ± 7/100 m2). The number of mola was higher (399 ± 33/100 m2) in the all‐male tilapia treatment. There was reduction in the number of mola and chela in the treatment containing mixed‐sex tilapia. Gut content analysis combined with water sampling revealed that all fish species fed selectively. Significant interspecies dietary overlap was found between Nile tilapia and SIS and among SIS. Thus, there is potential for tilapia to compete with indigenous fish species when space and other resources are limiting, but a longer duration study with varying level of management is needed to determine how successfully tilapia competes with locally adapted SIS. 相似文献