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1.
The rate of swelling of barbel Barbus barbus (L.) eggs and of embryonic development increased with temperature (from 12 to 22°C). Survival of embryos decreased during the embryonic development and the highest mortality at each developmental stage occurred at 12 and 22°C. Body malformations in embryos during cleavage and organogenesis were the most frequent at 12, 14 and 22°C. During the embryogenesis, three types of embryonic body malformations were observed: yolk sac oedema, spine curvature and shortening of body. At all temperatures, most of larvae hatched with tail first but at 12 and 22°C significantly more larvae hatched with yolk sac compared to the other temperatures. The highest percentage of normal viable larvae was obtained at 14 and 18°C. Larval malformations and dead larvae were significantly most frequent at 12 and 22°C compared to the other groups. At all temperatures, spine curvatures and yolk sac deformation were the most frequent types of larval deformations. 相似文献
2.
Promotion of initial swim bladder inflation and effect of initial inflation failure on skeletal malformation in cultured seven‐band grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus (Thunberg) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Masaharu Tsuji Susumu Uji Yasushi Tsuchihashi Kazuhiro Okada Takeshi Kawamura Takashi Katoh Tohru Kasuya Takuo Nigo Atsushi Hamabe Atsushi Miyamoto Sahoko Nakamura Akiko Nakano Yoshifumi Sawada 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(6):1954-1971
The effects of the removal of the oily surface film on initial swim bladder inflation and survival in cultured seven‐band grouper Hyporthodus septemfasciatus were investigated during the larval stage. Additionally, the relationship between swim bladder inflation failure and malformations in later stages was examined. To explore promotion conditions for inflation, duplicate experiments were conducted under three different water surface conditions: removal of the oily surface film (ROF group), covering the water surface with an oil film (COF group), and sealing the water surface with liquid paraffin (SLP group). Larval swim bladder inflation was first observed 14 days after hatching (DAH) in the ROF group; thereafter, swim bladder inflation rates increased to 11.1% and 38.7% until the end of the experiments. This indicates that initial swim bladder inflation occurs at the pre‐flexion stage in larval development. Conversely, bladder inflation was rarely observed in the COF or SLP groups, indicating the promotional effect of surface film removal on larval swim bladder inflation and suggesting that gulping atmospheric air is necessary for initial inflation. Although larval water surface death occurred frequently in the ROF group, no significant difference existed in any group between the survival rates at 10 DAH and at the end of the experiment. The incidence rate of spinal curvature and deformation of the centra was significantly higher in individuals without initial swim bladder inflation, and these malformations mainly occurred in the caudal vertebra. Therefore, the removal of the oily surface film promotes initial swim bladder inflation and reduces larval malformations. 相似文献
3.
Barbara Jezierska Katarzyna Ługowska Małgorzata Witeska 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(4):625-640
Early developmental stages of fish are particularly sensitive to water pollution. Heavy metals may affect various developmental
processes during the embryonic period, which results in a reduction of offspring quantity and quality. Waterborne metals may
accumulate in the gonads of spawners and adversely affect gamete production and viability, or exert direct toxic influence
upon developing embryos. The egg shell does not fully protect the embryo against metal penetration, particularly during the
swelling phase; thus, metals may accumulate in the egg. The results depend on metal concentration and range from developmental
disturbances to death of the embryo. Metals disturb various processes of fish embryonic development and affect the development
rate. Early stages just after fertilization are particularly sensitive to metal intoxication, when most disturbances and the
highest embryonic mortality occur. Waterborne metals also promote developmental anomalies during organogenesis, including
body malformations. Heavy metals often induce a delay in the hatching process, premature hatching, deformations and death
of newly hatched larvae. All these disturbances result in reduced numbers and poor quality of the larvae, which show small
body size, high frequency of malformations and reduced viability. 相似文献
4.
Tilapia and striped bass larvae inflate their swim bladders on the 7th–9th and 5th–7th days after hatching, respectively. The primordial bladder of Tilapia has no pneumatic duct and larvae do not gulp atmospheric gas for the initial swim bladder inflation. Prominent columnar epithelium is characteristics of the bladder of Tilapia prior to inflation. Hypoxic conditions inhibit inflation and result in degeneration of the columnar epithelium and the irreversible malfunction of the swim bladder. The swim bladder of the striped bass has a glandular epithelium and a pneumatic duct prior to inflation. The mode of the initial inflation and functional role of the pneumatic duct remain unclear, although strong aeration and turbulent water in the rearing containers were observed to be main factors enhancing normal inflation of the larval swim bladder. 相似文献
5.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of ammonia nitrogen on the embryonic development of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis . Embryos were exposed to different concentrations (0, 1, 3, and 5 mg/L) of total ammonia–nitrogen (TAN) during incubation. The developmental rate, malformations, mortality, hatching rate, incubation period, yolk utilization efficiency ratio, and weight of the newly hatched cuttlefish were determined. The results showed that ammonia nitrogen significantly inhibited the development of S. pharaonis embryos and induced malformations and even death. Hatching was delayed, the hatching rate was reduced, mortality and the incubation period increased, and the yolk utilization efficiency ratio and weight of the newly hatched cuttlefish significantly decreased in a dose‐dependent manner after the embryos were exposed to more than 1 mg/L TAN for prolonged period. These variables could be used as an integrative biomarker or indicator of aquatic environmental ammonia contamination. In summary, our results indicated that ammonia caused toxicity in the embryos. When the concentration of TAN is greater than 1 mg/L, ammonia levels should be reduced to prevent toxic effects on embryonic development. 相似文献
6.
Larval size heterogeneity is known to induce cannibalism, and procedures to avoid larval size differences are consequently implemented already during egg incubation and hatching. We investigated the relation between larval development variability, size heterogeneity and cannibalism in pikeperch. Larvae were sorted into five groups according to the time of hatching during a 65‐h period. The larvae with different times of hatch were then reared separately or together during an 18‐day period. Late hatched larvae were longer (P=0.003) and had less yolk remaining (P<0.001) than early hatched individuals at the time of hatching. However, on 11 days post fertilization, the late‐hatching larvae tended to have larger yolk reserves than earlier hatched individuals (P=0.07). Furthermore, the next day, a lower proportion in the late fraction had switched to exogenous feeding (P=0.024). That larvae with a late hatching time developed slower suggests a positive relationship between the hatching time and the embryonic developmental rate. However, differences in the length and available yolk reserves at hatching between larval fractions with different hatching times suggest that hatching is not strictly associated with a specific developmental stage, and that factors other than the development rate of the embryo are involved in the timing of hatching. 相似文献
7.
K. Palińska-Żarska D. Żarski S. Krejszeff J. Nowosad M. Biłas K. Trejchel D. Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):13-27
The study concerns investigation of early larval development of burbot, Lota lota. As part of a two-year study, the first 15 days (until the end of yolk sac resorption) of burbot larvae development under controlled conditions were examined. The aim of the study was to observe the moment of swim bladder inflation and the behavioural aspects of this process, as well as the analysis of yolk and oil droplet resorption and the beginning of exogenous nutrition. It was observed that larvae began to inflate their swim bladder on the 3rd day post-hatch. On 5 DPH, none of the larvae without an inflated bladder was able to swim up the distance separating it (10 cm) from the water surface. Since 9 DPH, 50 % of larvae started exogenous feeding, and the absence of yolk was observed on 13 DPH and oil droplet on 14 DPH, while on 15 DPH, 100 % of feeding larvae were observed. The presented results indicate that the analyzed period is critical for burbot, and it is characterized by a high mortality rate (over 60 %). Additionally, the results suggest that, under controlled conditions, the latest moment when burbot larvae should be given exogenous food is 9–10 DPH and until the moment of the swim bladder inflation, larvae should be kept in tanks with a low water depth (up to 10 cm). The data presented in this study could have a significant influence on the efficiency of larvae rearing, both for aquaculture and for restocking purposes. 相似文献
8.
五种重金属对早繁鮸鱼胚胎和仔鱼的毒性效应 总被引：17，自引：5，他引：12
在水温27.5℃、盐度29条件下,研究了Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr6+和Pb2+5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼胚胎发育和初孵仔鱼的影响。结果表明:重金属在胚胎发育过程中引起各种畸形,如胚胎尾巴弯曲、初孵仔鱼不能出膜、胚胎死亡等;胚胎和初孵仔鱼上出现黑色颗粒,初孵仔鱼脊柱弯曲成L、V、S形或尾部没有展开呈逗号状,褶皱边缘被破坏等畸形。Cu2+、Cd2+、Zn2+、Cr6+和Pb2+5种重金属均延迟胚胎发育速率。综合孵化率、胚胎畸形和仔鱼畸形率等指标得出5种重金属对胚胎的毒性大小依次为Cu2+>Cd2+>Zn2+>Pb2+>Cr6+。计算了5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼初孵仔鱼的LC50和安全浓度,得出5种重金属对早繁鮸鱼初孵仔鱼毒性大小顺序为:Cu2+>Cd2+>Pb2+>Zn2+>Cr6+。 相似文献
9.
研究了盐度、温度对条石鲷胚胎发育的影响和初孵仔鱼对饥饿的耐受力。结果表明,胚胎发育的适宜盐度范围为20～35,最适盐度范围为25～30,孵化率都在89%以上,盐度低于20或高于35,孵化率都降低。盐度对孵化时间有一定影响,盐度高于35或者低于15条件下孵化时间都延长。胚胎发育的适宜温度范围为21～27℃,孵化率都在77%以上,最适温度范围为23～25℃,孵化率达89%以上,低于19℃或者高于27℃时孵化率降低且初孵仔鱼畸形率升高。胚胎孵化时间与温度成负相关关系,胚胎发育速率与温度成正相关关系。条石鲷胚胎发育的生物学零度（阈温度）为10.06℃,有效积温值为405.3℃·h。对胚胎发育的Q10值进行了计算。饥饿条件下,条石鲷初孵仔鱼8日龄全部死亡,半数死亡时间出现在第6天,饥饿对初孵仔鱼生长具有明显的抑制作用。 相似文献
10.
Awatef Trabelsi Jean‐Noël Gardeur Fabrice Teletchea Jean Brun‐Bellut Pascal Fontaine 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(4):657-666
Based on the analysis of 11 morphometric variables of body (total length, body area and perimeter, myotome height and eye diameter) and yolk sac (length, height, area, perimeter and volume) of pike larvae, the aim of this study was to evaluate how larval size at hatching and growth of larvae hatched from single egg batches vary according to three hatching times: early, mid and late. Hatching time structures strongly pike larval morphometrics. Early hatched larvae have smaller body sizes at hatch, faster growth and higher yolk use efficiency than late hatched ones. Early hatched larvae seem to be premature and hatch at precocious developmental stage whereas late hatched individuals continue their growth within the egg shell and hatch at larger size but with lower reserves (yolk). A compensatory growth phase was observed for the early hatching pike larvae particularly during the first 5 days post hatch. Consequently, no significant difference in body parameters was recorded from day 10 post hatching whatever the hatching time. The higher growth accomplished by early hatched larvae may be related to a particular metabolic activity that converts more efficiently yolk into body tissues. 相似文献
11.
本文研究了用人工授精、孵化方法获得的泥鳅胚胎、幼鱼的形态特征。此项研究于1983年3—5月份在珠海市进行。卵圆球形，具弱粘性，卵径0．72-0．84毫米。在水温19．5—23℃情况下，多数受精卵经26小时40分后孵化出苗。初孵仔鱼全长1．95—2．4毫米，体节26-32对。在水温19—28℃情况下，孵化2天后，幼鱼具长条状外鳃。5天后，幼鱼卵黄囊大部分被吸收。15天后，外鳃消失，内鳃形成。45天后，幼鱼外部形态发育完全，形似成体。 相似文献
12.
秦岭细鳞鲑早期发育观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
研究所用性成熟秦岭细鳞鲑(Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis)亲鱼为野生捕获。对其进行人工繁殖,并观察其胚胎和仔鱼发育。结果表明:在水温9.31～12.80℃,受精卵历经408 h出膜,所需积温为193.35℃.d,初孵仔鱼体长为(9.64±1.03)mm。整个胚胎发育过程可划分为6个阶段(受精卵、卵裂阶段、囊胚阶段、原肠胚阶段、神经胚阶段、器官形成阶段)、26个时期。刚出膜的仔鱼体色透明,肌节明显,无游泳能力,出膜第5天体表出现大量黑色素,12 d后卵黄囊开始消失,46 d的仔鱼各鳍条与幼鱼相似,出现幼鲑斑。通过探讨水温、溶氧和水质等对秦岭细鳞鲑早期发育的影响,建议秦岭细鳞鲑人工繁殖的水温不宜超过14℃,最适宜水温应控制在6～10℃;孵化水体DO应在6.00～8.55 mg/L,如果低于这个水平将会导致发育迟缓、坏死或是出膜幼苗畸形。本研究旨在为秦岭细鳞鲑的人工繁殖和鱼种培育提供科学指导。 相似文献
13.
İhsan Çelik Pınar Çelik Şükran Cirik Mert Gürkan Sibel Hayretdağ 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(9):1260-1275
The embryonic and larval development of black skirt tetra, Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, are described under controlled laboratory conditions. In addition, major histomorphological changes and the allometric growth patterns during larval development have been described. The laboratory‐reared broodstock, that is 1 year of age, were spawned. Hatching occurred 20–21 h after spawning at 24 ± 0.5°C. The cleavage was finished in 2 h and the early blastula stage occurred at 2:04 hours after spawning. The gastrulation started at 3:20 hours and 30% epiboly was observed at 3:34 hours after spawning. Eight‐somite stage was observed at 08:33 hours. And embryonic developmental stage was completed at 21 h after spawning. The newly hatched larvae were 1442 ± 14.3 μm in mean total length (TL). The mouth opened at 3 days after hatching (DAH). The yolk sac had been totally absorbed and the larvae started to swim actively within 3–4 days. Notochord flexion began at 11 DAH. The metamorphosis was completed and the larvae transformed into juveniles at 32 DAH. In this paper, the full developmental sequence from egg to juvenile of G. ternetzi is described for the first time. 相似文献
14.
雅砻江鲈鲤的人工繁殖、胚胎及卵黄囊仔鱼发育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用不同配伍的外源激素对培育成熟的野生鲈鲤进行人工催产,并对其胚胎和1-10日龄卵黄囊仔鱼的发育进程进行详细的观察和描述。注射促黄体素释放激素类似物A2、地欧酮和绒毛膜促性腺激素的鲈鲤亲鱼组的催产效果明显好于注射鲤鱼脑垂体和促黄体素释放激素类似物A2的亲鱼组,效应时间为58h,平均受精率和平均孵化率分别为87.33%和90.75%。在水温(16±2)℃条件下,鲈鲤胚胎发育历时117.83h,所需积温为1855.33℃·h,出膜10d后仔鱼开始平游。鲈鲤胚胎发育分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期7个阶段,共26个时期。分析发现,在人工催产配伍激素中添加适量的绒毛膜促性腺激素,有助于鲈鲤亲本顺利排卵;鲈鲤卵黄囊仔鱼在孵化出膜后的前5d处于内营养阶段,第6d起转入混合营养阶段,为仔鱼培育的第一危险时期。 相似文献
15.
Effects of different step‐wise temperature increment regimes during egg incubation of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) on egg viability and newly hatched larval quality 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Velmurugu Puvanendran Inger‐Britt Falk‐Petersen Hege Lysne Helge Tveiten Hilde Toften Stefano Peruzzi 《Aquaculture Research》2015,46(1):226-235
We carried out an experiment to determine how rapidly the early incubation temperature of Atlantic cod eggs can be increased without affecting normal embryonic development and hatching. Atlantic cod eggs were incubated at a constant low temperature (4.5 ± 0.5°C; T5 – control) and four temperature increment treatments where the temperatures were increased stepwise from 4.5°C at zygote stage to 9.5 ± 05°C (T1‐8 h, T2‐32 h, T3‐64 h and T4‐96 h). Embryonic cell symmetry, embryonic mortality, hatching success and larval skeletal abnormalities, length and yolk sac volume were recorded. Larval samples were also taken at hatch for histological analysis. Except for higher egg mortality and lower hatching success in the T1, the differences among experimental groups were minor. Cell asymmetries and embryo mortalities were not significantly different between the control and T2–T4 treatment groups. Control larvae were significantly longer and had smaller yolk reserves at hatch than T1–T4 larvae and larvae from T2 had the largest yolk reserves. Tissue and organ histology of hatched larvae were similar. Considering embryonic cleavage pattern, hatching success and larval morphology and histology, a gradual increment of temperature in 32 h seems to be the better choice for future developmental programming studies in Atlantic cod. 相似文献
16.
Praneet Damrongphol Pleanphit Jaroensastraraks Boonserm Poolsanguan 《Fisheries Science》2001,67(1):64-70
SUMMARY: The effectiveness of in vitro embryo culture of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii depended on the age of the embryos at the onset of culture and on the concentrations of various compositions in the medium. Embryos that started being cultured on day 0.5 after oviposition were more sensitive to variations in the medium compositions than those that started being cultured on day 10.5 after oviposition. An optimal NaCl level was essential for embryonic development, survival, hatching and survival of the newly hatched larvae. Variations of NaCl or KCl levels dramatically altered embryonic development, and variation of the MgCl2 + MgSO4 level significantly lowered survival of the embryos that started being cultured at the early stage of development. In contrast, no significant change in embryonic development was observed upon variation of the CaCl2 level. Hatching of the embryos required the presence of NaCl and CaCl2 but not KCl or MgCl2 + MgSO4 . The ionic requirements of the newly hatched larvae differed from that of the developing embryos. Variations of NaCl, KCl or CaCl2 but not MgCl2 + MgSO4 levels significantly influenced the survival of the newly hatched larvae. 相似文献
17.
对红头丽体鱼[Cichlasoma synspilum（♀）]×红魔丽体鱼[C. citrinellum（♂）]杂交子一代（F1）（俗称“血鹦鹉”）的胚胎及仔鱼形态发育进行观察,描述了各发育时期的发育时序和形态特征。平均受精率为（91.33±3.06）％,平均孵化率为（91.67±2.08）％;血鹦鹉的受精卵呈椭圆球形,黏性,有浅黄、白灰和红褐3种颜色,无油球,平均卵长径为（1.89±0.04）mm;发育过程可分为6个阶段：受精卵阶段、卵裂阶段、原肠期、神经胚期、器官形成期和孵出期,并进一步分为28个发育分期;在水温（30±0.5）℃下历时约52 h 36 min 完成孵化。初孵仔鱼全长（3.71±0.05）mm,卵黄长径为（1.74±0.09）mm,短径为（1.25±0.07）mm,于第3天开始摄食轮虫,孵出后第5天卵黄囊完全消失。第13天全长（11.86±1.02）mm,各鳍条基本形成,进入稚鱼期。 相似文献
18.
Effect of water surface condition on survival,growth and swim bladder inflation of yellowfin tuna,Thunnus albacares (Temminck and Schlegel), larvae 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Tomoki Honryo Teruyoshi Tanaka Angel Guillen Jeanne B Wexler Amado Cano Daniel Margulies Vernon P Scholey Maria S Stein Yoshifumi Sawada 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(6):1832-1840
Early‐stage mortality due to surface water tension‐related death and due to sinking to the tank bottom was investigated for yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (YFT), larvae. Different aeration rates and rearing water surface conditions were examined to evaluate the effect on larval survival, swim bladder inflation and growth. The percentage survival of yolk sac larvae was significantly higher when the rearing water surface was covered with fish oil at aeration rates of 0 and 50 mL min?1. The highest mortality occurred at the highest aeration rate of 250 mL min?1 regardless of surface water condition. A second experiment was conducted twice under different water surface conditions: the water surface was covered by fish oil (FO), skimmed of fish oil (SS), and was not treated (NC). The percentage survival was not significantly different between treatments after 7 days of feeding. In contrast to the survival, the proportion of larvae with inflated swim bladders was significantly higher for the NC and SS groups than that of the FO group. Results of these experiments indicate that the addition of oil to the rearing water surface without its removal interferes with the initial swim bladder inflation in YFT larvae. These results also indicate that YFT larvae need to obtain (gulp) air at the water surface for initial swim bladder inflation, and success of initial swim bladder inflation may be crucial for their survival. 相似文献
19.
In this study, the embryonic and larval development stages of one of the most important ornamental fish serpae tetra (Hyphessobrycon eques) are described. The early life stage is documented from fertilization until the beginning of the juvenile period. The fertilized eggs (the average diameter = 938.55 ± 35.20 µm) were incubated at a water temperature of 26 ± 0.5°C. The cleavage finished in 1:10 hr (=h) and the early blastula stage occurred at 1:26 hr post fertilization (hpf). The gastrulation started at 3:05 hpf, and 50% epiboly was observed at 3:25 hpf. Segmentation stage was monitored at 7:26 hpf. Embryonic developmental stage was completed and hatching occurred 20–21 hpf. The total length (TL) of newly hatched larvae was 2.64 ± 0.21 mm. The larval development of serpae tetra was divided into four different periods: Yolk‐sac larva (1–4 DAH, TL = 2.77 ± 0.09 mm ‐ 3.85 ± 0.11 mm), preflexion larva (5–12 DAH), flexion larva (13–15 DAH, TL = 5.78 ± 0.46 mm on the 15th day) and post‐flexion larva (16–30 DAH, TL = 10.7 ± 0.27 mm on the 28th–30th days). The mouth and anus are closed at 1 DAH. The mouth and anus opened at 4 DAH. Exogenous feeding started on the 4th day. The first gulping of the swim bladder was on days 3. The larva begins to swim freely, and the yolk sac was completely consumed at 4 DAH. Histological structures of the eye and brain of new hatched larva were clearly identified at 1 day after hatching (DAH). According to histological findings, the digestive system (stomach, intestine) started to develop and the liver could be seen on the ventral side of the swim bladder at 5 DAH. No histological difference was observed between the anterior intestine and the posterior intestine at 15–16 DAH. The larval metamorphosis was completed, and the larvae transformed into juveniles at 28–30 DAH. 相似文献
20.
在直径2m的圆形玻璃钢槽内,水深0.3m,弱光,水温6～16℃下,详细观察了江鳕（Lota lota Linnaeus）胚后发育过程。结果表明,依形态发育,将出膜后的江鳕发育分为两个阶段（仔鱼期和稚鱼期）11个发育期。仔鱼期分为卵黄囊期仔鱼和后期仔鱼,历时62d;卵黄囊期仔鱼由单独依靠内源营养至混合营养过程,包括孵出期、胸鳍形成期、鳃弧期、鳔形成期和腹鳍形成期,历时31d;后期仔鱼从卵黄囊和油球消失,仔鱼完全依靠外源营养到各鳍基本形成为止,包括卵黄消失期、尾鳍形成期、背鳍分化期和臀鳍形成期,历时31d。稚鱼期包括鳞片出现期和鳞片形成期,历时5d。卵黄囊期仔鱼生长发育缓慢,后期仔鱼期和稚鱼期生长发育较快。 相似文献