首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
采用A/sw ine/Hebei/2/2008(H3N2)猪流感病毒经鼻腔感染6～8周BALB/c小鼠,观察感染后小鼠的临床症状、采食量、组织病理学变化,测定病毒在肺、脑、肝、脾、肾等组织内的复制滴度和小鼠的半数致死量(LD50),研究其对小鼠的致病特性。结果显示该病毒经鼻腔感染后可引起小鼠活动减少、采食量降低、体重严重下降并呈现严重的呼吸困难,25%(2/8)的小鼠在感染后5～8 d内死亡;病理组织学变化为肺部严重的水肿、出血、淤血、坏死以及炎性细胞的渗出,脑、肝及其他实质器官有不同程度的淤血、出血和坏死;病毒分离显示包括脑在内的所有肺外器官均分离出H3N2病毒;该毒株的LD50为10-2.2/0.1 mL。结果表明A/sw ine/Hebei/2/2008(H3N2)猪流感病毒不仅可以在未经预先适应的情况下引起小鼠出现以肺部损伤为主的致死性全身感染,而且该毒株对小鼠具有较强的致病性。  相似文献   

2.
应用石蜡切片、ELISA等方法,通过对小鼠脾脏病理组织学观察以及脾脏指数、IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α等重要细胞因子的检测,研究猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒（Hemagglutinatingencephalomyelitisvirus,HEV）感染不同周龄（4、6周龄）BALB／c小鼠后的免疫动态变化特点。结果显示,无论是4周龄还是6周龄小鼠,在被HEV感染后的1～3d,脾小体生发中心增大并在红髓有多量浆细胞出现,第4天脾小体开始缩小,其周边和中央动脉周围有多量淋巴细胞聚集,到第5天脾小体生发中心消失并在其周边和中央动脉周围淋巴细胞增多。另外,脾脏指数和血清中的TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4浓度均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,IL-2含量变化不明显,而IL-10含量较少几乎检测不到。结果表明,HEV感染初期,小鼠对侵入的病毒做出一定的免疫应答,但是随着病毒复制,病毒量的增大,小鼠的免疫反应受到抑制。同时不同周龄小鼠的被检指标降低或升高程度及持续时间不同,表明HEV的免疫、发病与小鼠感染年龄之间存在一定相关性。  相似文献   

3.
将本实验室分离、鉴定的虎源高致病性禽流感病毒A/Tiger/Harbin/01/2003(H5N1)株第3代鸡胚尿囊液进行10-3倍稀释,接种小鼠,待小鼠死亡后无菌采取心、肝、脾、肺、肾、脑六种脏器分别研磨制成乳剂,接种MDCK细胞,以细胞病变为判定指标,计算病死小鼠不同脏器内病毒含量。同时用RT-PCR、血凝-血凝抑制试验以及电镜负染的方法进行鉴定和观察。结果显示,可在小鼠的肺脏、肝脏、肾脏、脑组织中检出所接种的病毒,肺脏中的病毒含量最高,脑中的病毒含量次之,肝脏和肾脏中的病毒含量最少。可在肺、肝、肾、脑组织与感染细胞培养物中扩增出与理论值一致的核酸条带,肺乳剂上清液感染细胞培养物中可检出1∶23的血凝效价,电镜观察在肺乳剂上清液及其感染细胞培养物中可见到典型的流感病毒颗粒。  相似文献   

4.
为模拟哺乳动物感染H5亚型高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)的发病进程,本研究采用对哺乳动物高度致病的H5N1亚型HPAIV株A/bar-headed goose/Qinghai/3/05 (BHG/3/05),以低剂量鼻腔接种小鼠,观察发病、存活、病毒复制及组织病理损伤情况.结果显示,100.4 EID50即能够100％感染小鼠,但发病表现缓慢,死亡延迟至8d以后,存活达60％;体内病毒复制可持续10 d以上,感染后前3d病毒的增殖限于呼吸道,随后扩散至脑、脾、肾等其他器官;组织病理学观察肺脏早期表现出渗出性炎症,第10d发展为典型的间质性肺炎.本研究结果为探讨人禽流感的病理发生机制提供了具有价值的模型.  相似文献   

5.
为研究猪源脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)GXLC株对小鼠的致病性,将其接种4周龄健康BALB/c小鼠,观察临床症状,检查病理变化,测定心重/体重比值,检测心脏、脑、脾脏组织及血清中病毒含量,检测心脏、脑、脾脏组织中细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA表达水平及血清中IL-1β、TNF-α蛋白含量。结果显示,感染小鼠出现明显的临床症状,感染后第4天开始死亡,第5~7天死亡达到高峰;心脏、脑出现典型的大体病理变化和组织病理学变化,心重/体重比值显著升高、组织病理学炎症分值显著增加;感染后第1天即可在心脏、脑、脾脏及血清中检测到大量病毒,直至第14天仍能检测到病毒;血清中IL-1β、TNF-α蛋白含量显著升高,心脏、脑、脾脏组织中IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6 mRNA表达水平显著上调,而且细胞因子表达的高峰期与出现明显临床症状、严重病理损害及死亡高峰期密切相关。结果表明,猪源EMCV GXLC株对小鼠具有高度致病性,IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6等促炎细胞因子在EMCV对小鼠的致病机制中发挥重要作用。  相似文献   

6.
为了研究H9N2亚型禽流感病毒河北分离株Z1对哺乳动物小鼠的致病性,试验采用H9N2亚型AIV Z1株感染Balb/c小鼠后,观察小鼠的临床表现和组织病理学变化,通过测量体重、体温、采食量,检测禽流感病毒靶器官肺脏内病毒含量的动态变化及相应血清抗体水平的情况。结果表明:小鼠感染后表现为采食量和体温有一定程度的下降、体重减少等明显的临床发病症状,组织病理学变化特征为肺部严重的淤血、水肿和炎性细胞渗出。14 d后感染小鼠能产生相应的病毒抗体。H9N2亚型AIV Z1株无需适应就能感染哺乳动物小鼠,说明Balb/c小鼠可作为研究人-禽流感病毒的动物模型。  相似文献   

7.
试验旨在建立猪圆环病毒2型（PCV2）诱导的小鼠体内免疫细胞氧化胁迫模型。筛选PCV2感染剂量及感染时间,采用腹腔注射、滴鼻和灌胃3种途径联合方式于第1、2、3 天或第1、3、5、7天给予昆明系小鼠感染PCV2病毒原液或10－1 PCV2病毒液,分别于感染后7、14、21 d剖杀小鼠,测定活性氧（ROS）、总谷胱甘肽（T-GSH）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）水平及黄嘌呤氧化酶（XOD）、髓过氧化物酶（MPO）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）活性,探讨PCV2感染时间与活性氧水平变化的关系,建立免疫细胞氧化胁迫动物模型。结果显示,第1、2、3天每天经3种途径联合感染PCV2病毒原液,1 mL/只,为后续试验感染最佳方案。PCV2感染小鼠3个时间点细胞内ROS水平较空白对照组均极显著升高（P < 0.01）,感染后7、14 d GSH水平显著降低（P < 0.05）;感染后7 d GSSG水平极显著高于空白对照组（P < 0.01）;感染后7 d T-GSH水平显著低于空白对照组（P < 0.05）,感染后14 d T-GSH水平极显著低于空白对照组（P < 0.01）。感染后7 d脾脏XOD、MPO、iNOS活性与空白对照组相比均存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。结果表明,PCV2成功感染小鼠,试验感染方案为第1、2、3 天每天经3种途径联合感染PCV2病毒原液,1 mL/只,且用PCV2病毒原液感染7 d是建立小鼠体内免疫细胞氧化胁迫模型的最佳条件。  相似文献   

8.
为了测定H1N1亚型猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)对小鼠的致病性,本试验对A/swine/Guangdong/2/2012(H1N1)株SIV HA基因进行克隆及遗传分析,并将SIV尿囊液经鼻腔感染6周龄BALB/c小鼠,观察感染后小鼠的一般状况、器官系数和组织病理学变化,在病毒感染后第1、3和7天使用荧光定量PCR测定小鼠肺脏、脾脏、脑组织中7种细胞因子mRNA的表达量,研究其对小鼠的致病特性。结果显示,该病毒属于经典SIV,病毒经鼻腔感染后可引起小鼠活动减少、采食量降低,但无咳嗽和死亡;病理组织学变化为肺间隔较正常组织明显增厚,毛细血管明显扩张充血,周围肺泡腔呈代偿性肺气肿;小鼠肺脏、脾脏组织样本中IFN-α、IFN-β、IP-10、IL-1β、TNF-α、IRF-3和IL-10 mRNA含量在感染后第3天均显著升高(P<0.05),而脑组织样本中IL-1β和IL-10在小鼠攻毒后第3和7天均显著上调(P<0.05)。  相似文献   

9.
H9N2亚型猪流感病毒诱导小鼠肺急性损伤模型的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验采用100 μLA/swine/HeBei/012/2008/(H9N2)猪流感病毒(H9N2 SIV)经鼻腔接种6～8周龄的BALB/c小鼠,通过定时称量小鼠的采食量和体质量、观察肺病理组织学变化以及测量肺系数、肺湿质量/干质量、动脉血气和支气管肺泡灌洗液内炎性细胞等拟建立H9N2 SIV感染诱导小鼠急性肺损伤模型.结果显示:(1)感染后第2天试验组小鼠出现精神沉郁、被毛松乱、采食量和体质量下降.感染后的第3天开始感染小鼠采食量和体质量显著下降(P＜0.01);(2)试验组小鼠在感染后的第3天末出现死亡,死亡率约为62.5%,剖检可见肺部明显水肿、出血,肺泡内有大量的炎性细胞渗出;肺系数和湿质量/干质量比显著增加(P＜0.01);(3)与对照组相比感染组小鼠动脉血中氧分压从第2天开始降低,第4天出现明显的差异(P＜0.01),第6天最低时仅为(6.79士1.27)kPa,呈现严重的低氧血症,同时,二氧化碳分压显著上升;(4)支气管灌洗液(BALF)内炎性细胞在感染后第4-8天增加显著,尤其以肺泡巨噬细胞和多核型白细胞增加最为明显(P＜0.01).本研究证实采用A/Swine/HeBei/012/2008/(H9N2)病毒感染小鼠引起肺组织弥漫性急性渗出性炎症为主的病理过程和严重的低氧血症,表明成功建立了H9N2 SIV诱导小鼠的肺损伤模型,为进一步研究其对哺乳动物肺损伤的致病机理奠定基础.  相似文献   

10.
为建立可表现重症日本脑炎病毒(Japanese encephalitis virus, JEV)感染中枢神经系统损害症状及病理表现的小鼠模型,以1日龄ICR乳鼠为试验对象,通过皮下注射及腹腔注射方式感染JEV SA14株,观察记录乳鼠体重、临床表现、存活情况。感染第5天处死所有乳鼠,采集脑、肺、脾、肝等4种组织,荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)结合核酸电泳分析病毒感染情况,通过苏木精-伊红染色及免疫组化检测组织病理变化。结果发现,皮下感染和腹腔感染乳鼠均于注射后第3天出现精神萎靡、嗜睡、运动功能障碍,症状逐渐加重,皮下注射感染模型临床状更明显。病理结果显示,乳鼠脑组织出现神经元坏死、炎症浸润现象,肺组织存在水肿充血、结构破坏。qRT-PCR产物核酸电泳显示,两种模型脑、肺、脾存在JEV复制,皮下注射感染模型肝组织存在病毒复制。本试验成功建立通过皮下注射感染JEV的ICR乳鼠模型,为研究JEV感染途径及发病机制奠定基础。  相似文献   

11.
试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。  相似文献   

12.
Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.  相似文献   

13.
Tropical Animal Health and Production -  相似文献   

14.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.  相似文献   

16.
Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.  相似文献   

17.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

18.
The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.  相似文献   

19.
<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.  相似文献   

20.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号