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1.
以80 mg/kg鱼体重对牙鲆单次口灌给药恩诺沙星,给药后在不同的时间点取样,用高效液相色谱荧光检测器检测,研究恩诺沙星及其主要代谢产物环丙沙星在牙鲆体内的代谢消除规律。研究表明,停药后0.25 h,肌肉中恩诺沙星残留量最低。各组织的消除半衰期依次为腮肝脏血液肾脏肌肉,其中肌肉中恩诺沙星消除半衰期最低为67.759 h,消除最快,停药后12 d检测不到恩诺沙星。停药后0.25 h,在牙鲆血液、肝脏、肾脏中均有环丙沙星残留,残留量依次为肝脏肾脏血液,肌肉和鳃中未检出环丙沙星。停药后22 d在血液、肝脏和肾脏3个组织中仍然能够检测出恩诺沙星,但是停药7 d后这3个组织中均检测不出环丙沙星。结果显示,恩诺沙星在牙鲆体内代谢速度较慢,而且只是在一段时间内有脱乙基代谢为环丙沙星的反应发生,但并不是在恩诺沙星消除的全过程都发生,而且代谢物环丙沙星在牙鲆体内的消除速度要比恩诺沙星快。 相似文献
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在11～12 ℃水温条件下,对大菱鲆Scophthalmus maximus连续口服恩诺沙星7 d后肌肉、血清和肝脏组织中该药物及其代谢产物环丙沙星的残留及消除规律进行了研究.大菱鲆肌肉、血清和肝脏中残留的恩诺沙星药物用二氯甲烷提取,在不同的时间点利用反相高效液相色谱荧光检测法检测药物浓度,最低检测限为0.01 μg/ml,平均回收率为75%～87%.研究结果表明,恩诺沙星按一级动力学过程从体内消除,在3种组织中消除速率不同,在肌肉、血清和肝脏中的消除曲线方程分别为C=1.560e-0.0310 t、C=1.147e-0.018 9 t和C=0.920e-0.027 1 t;恩诺沙星在3种组织中的消除半衰期较长,分别为22.53、36.67和25.57 d.在给药后的第94天,肌肉组织中的恩诺沙星浓度持续保持0.168 μg/g,尽管NY5070-2002无公害水产食品中恩诺沙星和环丙沙星的残留限量MRL(Maximum residue limit)要求为0.05 μg/g,但本试验数据提示,大菱鲆肌肉组织中残留的恩诺沙星和环丙沙星超过了标准,建议合理的休药期应不少于120 d. 相似文献
3.
为探究水产养殖中恩诺沙星用药后在水环境中的归趋，本实验在模拟池塘水产养殖系统中，恩诺沙星以18 mg/kg剂量药饵投喂异育银鲫，每天2次、给药周期6 d，研究恩诺沙星在异育银鲫体内吸收、分布、代谢和消除规律，以及在水体和底泥中的分布规律。结果显示，异育银鲫组织中恩诺沙星峰浓度(Cmax)依次为肠道>肾脏>肌肉>鳃>肝脏>血浆，分别为14.15、13.31、14.15、7.48、7.94 mg/kg和2.94 mg/L；各组织中均可检测到代谢产物环丙沙星，其峰浓度与恩诺沙星峰浓度的百分比分别为5.10%、1.70%、6.28%、2.97%、2.90%和6.53%；组织中恩诺沙星清除率(CLz)顺序为血浆>肝脏>肠道>鳃>肌肉>肾脏。随着给药次数增多，水体中恩诺沙星残留浓度快速升高，在最后一次给药后6 h时达到峰值(5.23μg/L)，随后开始下降，但水体中一直未检测到代谢产物环丙沙星；底泥中恩诺沙星首先呈现上升趋势，在240 h达到峰值(796μg/kg)，之后略有下降，480 h时降... 相似文献
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研究了多剂量混饲口灌给药方式下,诺氟沙星在草鱼体内的残留消除情况。结果显示：以每千克鱼体重10 mg连续5d混饲给药后,停药后第12天在草鱼肌肉中未检测到药物,此时血清、肝脏和肾脏中的药物浓度分别降为（0.0287±0.0015）μg/mL、（0.0181±0.0042）μg/g和（0.0369±0.0037）μg/g,均低于0.05μg/mL或0.05μg/g。因此初步建议在（19±1）℃水温条件下,以每千克鱼体重10 mg连续5 d混饲给草鱼诺氟沙星,休药期至少为最后一次给药后的12 d。 相似文献
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采用高效液相色谱法,研究药饵口灌给药途径下,恩诺沙星及其代谢物环丙沙星在欧洲鳗鲡(Anguilla anguilla)体内的药代动力学。欧洲鳗鲡口灌给药恩诺沙星10 mg/kg后,其血浆、肌肉和肝脏中药物时量曲线关系符合一级吸收的二室开放动力学模型。恩诺沙星在欧洲鳗鲡不同组织中分布较广,血浆、肌肉和肝脏的Vd分别为6.362 L/kg、8.081 L/kg和15.870 L/kg;恩诺沙星在鳗鲡体内消除较慢,在血浆、肌肉和肝脏中的消除半衰期(tβ1/2)分别为161.10 h、333.21 h和611.26 h,总体清除率(CLs)分别为27.4 mL/(kg.h)、16.8 g/(kg.h)和18.0 g/(kg.h)。代谢物环丙沙星在鳗鲡血浆、肌肉和肝脏中药物水平的变化趋势与恩诺沙星基本相似,呈现出多峰现象,但3种组织中环丙沙星出现第一个药峰时间分别为给药后第24小时、24小时和12小时,3种组织中环丙沙星峰值水平肝脏中最高、肌肉中次之、血浆中最低,环丙沙星在肌肉和肝脏中的消除速率比较缓慢。鉴于恩诺沙星和其代谢物环丙沙星在欧洲鳗鲡体内消除较慢,建议养成阶段使用其他药物。 相似文献
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诺氟沙星在牙鲆体内的残留及消除规律研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
首次报道了诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin，NFLX)在牙鲆体内的残留及消除规律并建立了组织中NFLX的分离提取及检测方法。以30mg／kg剂量连续5d口服灌胃给药，取血液、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、鳃5种组织，组织中药物先加入pH7．4磷酸盐缓冲液匀浆，再用乙腈振荡提取，反相高效液相色谱法测定其中诺氟沙星的残留浓度，此方法平均回收率71．37％～82．13％，最低检测限达0．005μg/ml。残留研究结果表明，诺氟沙星在5种组织中消除速率快慢不一，肾脏及鳃等非食用组织为诺氟沙星残留的靶组织。若规定可食用组织中的诺氟沙星最大残留限量为50μg／kg，在本实验条件下，建议临床休药期为10d。 相似文献
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在14±2℃水温条件下,连续5d对红鳍东方鲍口灌剂量为100mg／kg的土霉素,采用高效液相色谱法测定了停药后血清、肌肉、肝脏组织中的药物含量、消除速率常数和消除半衰期,提出了该温度下的休药期。研究表明,在停药2d后红鳍东方鲍血清和肌肉中的药物浓度达到峰值,分别为1．092μg／ml和0．806μg／g;停药3d后肝脏内土霉素浓度达到峰值1．229μg／g,土霉素在血清、肌肉和肝脏中的消除半衰期分别为23．8、22．4和26．8d;土霉素在红鳍东方纯肌肉组织中降到0．1μg／g残留限量的时间为58d,降到0．05μg／g残留限量的时间为81d。 相似文献
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将呋喃唑酮、磺胺嘧啶和诺氟沙星各以3种水平分别混入饲料中投喂甲鱼（中华鳖Trionyx sinensis)，投药饵时间分别为7d和14d。停药后24、72、120和240h分别取血液、肝、肾和肌肉测定药物残留量。结果表明，呋喃唑酮的吸收量甚微，4种样品中均未检出残留，说明该药只适用于肠道疾病的防治；磺胺嘧啶在4种样品中均可检出，在停药后24h，血液中含量最高，然后迅速降低，72h降至最低，240h则不能检出；诺氟沙星的药物残留变化状况与磺胺嘧啶相似。残留排除速度以肌肉中最慢，以停药24h残留量为标准，停药120h磺胺嘧啶残留率为76．8％（1．65－2．37μg/kg），诺氟沙星为46％（0．81－0．93μg/kg）；停药240h则分别为25％（0．63－1．11μg/kg）和24．2％（0．35－0．44μg/kg）。血液、肝、肾和肌肉中的药物残留水平随给药量的增加而增加，给药时间的长短对血液中的药物浓度影响不大，但在肝、肾和肌肉中的药物残留则随给药时间的加长而显著增加（P＜0．05）。建议饲喂磺胺嘧啶或诺氟沙星的甲鱼应在停药10d后上市。 相似文献
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恩诺沙星及其代谢产物在吉富罗非鱼、中国对虾体内的残留规律研究 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
模拟水产养殖实际,每天以剂量为50μg/g(鱼体重)的恩诺沙星分别给吉富罗非鱼、中国对虾投喂药饵,周期为7d,研究恩诺沙星在罗非鱼和对虾体内的残留与代谢规律,制定停药期。实验结果发现,恩诺沙星在鱼、虾体内均代谢为环丙沙星。在停药的"零"时,鱼肌肉、肝脏和血液中恩诺沙星的含量分别为(3 61±1 02)μg/g、(5 96±2 12)μg/g、(1 25±0 23)μg/mL,消除半衰期分别为15 61,16 83,17 19h。鱼肌肉中代谢物环丙沙星的最高含量为(0 22±0 06)μg/g,消除半衰期67 3h;中国对虾体内恩诺沙星与环丙沙星的最高含量分别为(1 68±0 41)μg/g、(0 066±0 03)μg/g,消除半衰期分别为27 9,33 6h。在本实验条件下,建议罗非鱼的停药期为22d,中国对虾为12d。 相似文献
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在水温(28±2)℃、盐度28条件下,采用30mg/kg的剂量口灌法,用HPLC-MS/MS检测研究了盐酸氯苯胍在体质量为(350.15±5.18)g的眼斑拟石首鱼体内的药代动力学和残留消除规律。结果显示,单剂量口灌给药后,眼斑拟石首鱼血浆中盐酸氯苯胍的药时数据符合一级吸收二室模型,药物在血浆中的达峰时间、血药质量浓度峰值、药时曲线下面积和消除半衰期分别为2.39h、958.78μg/L、33 247.57μg/(L·h)和19.24h;盐酸氯苯胍在肌肉、肝脏和肾脏的血药含量峰值分别为156.72、227.68μg/kg和553.44μg/kg,达峰时间分别为2.0、1.5、2.0h;药时曲线下面积分别4664.04、4897.74、17 228.19μg/(kg·h);消除半衰期分别为19.68、24.33、22.81h。按30mg/kg剂量连续5d口灌给药后,鱼血浆、肌肉、肝脏、肾脏中的药物消除半衰期(t1/2)分别为24.46、35.39、39.60、33.94h。若以10μg/kg为最高残留限量,肌肉作为食用靶组织,在本试验条件下,建议休药期不少于7d。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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