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为了研究乳酸菌添加剂对不同生育期菊芋(Helianthus tuberosus)茎叶青贮发酵品质的影响,本研究分别在孕蕾前期和开花期采集整株菊芋地上茎秆,带回实验室待水分降至65%左右时,切碎装袋青贮。试验设两个处理组,即对照组(不添加乳酸菌组,CK,0 cfu·g–1)和乳酸菌添加组(LAB,5×106 cfu·g–1),青贮60 d后开封,对青贮饲料进行感官评定和实验室营养成分分析评定。结果表明,1)在菊芋开花期,添加乳酸菌组青贮饲料的pH、氨态氮/总氮比值显著降低,乳酸、乙酸含量显著升高(P 0.05);但在孕蕾前期添加乳酸菌其乳酸含量显著降低(P 0.05),乙酸含量、氨态氮/总氮比值显著升高(P 0.05)。2)菊芋开花期较孕蕾前期茎叶青贮后pH、乙酸、粗灰分含量、体外干物质消化率显著降低(P 0.05),而乳酸、可溶性糖含量显著升高(P 0.05)。以上结果说明,菊芋开花期刈割添加乳酸菌做青贮能够获得较高的发酵品质。 相似文献
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本文旨在研究乳酸菌、米糠、和水分添加量对青贮茭白鞘叶质量的影响。采用L9(34)正交试验设计,茭白鞘叶青贮时,分别添加乳酸菌(0、2×105、4×105CFU/kg)、米糠(0、2%、4%DM)和水(0、7.5%、15%DM),贮存60 d后,感官评定茭白鞘叶的青贮质量,测定浸提液的p H值、氨态氮和有机酸的含量。结果表明:乳酸菌的添加提高了青贮发酵的感官评定等级(P0.05),米糠和水分含量对青贮发酵的感官评定无影响(P0.05);各处理组之间p H值和氨态氮占总氮比差异均不显著(P0.05);乳酸菌的添加提高了乙酸和丙酸的浓度(P0.05);米糠的添加提高了丙酸的浓度(P0.05);乳酸浓度、丁酸浓度和乳酸占总酸比各处理之间差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,茭白鞘叶在无任何添加剂的情况下,也可以青贮,但是青贮质量一般。乳酸菌的添加显著提高了青贮品质,利于提高青贮发酵的有氧稳定性;米糠的添加量为2%~4%时,提高了青贮品质,但是未达到显著水平;茭白鞘叶水分含量在63%~71%之间时对青贮质量无显著影响。 相似文献
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为了研究乳酸菌和绿汁发酵液对水稻秸青贮发酵品质及营养价值的影响,在水稻秸青贮中分别添加乳酸菌制剂(2 L/t)和青玉米汁发酵液(2 L/t),以不使用添加剂处理作为对照,60 d后对水稻秸青贮进行感官评定和实验室评定。结果表明:与对照组相比,青贮饲料中添加青玉米汁发酵液可显著提高饲料的CP及乳酸含量,显著降低青贮饲料的pH值、氨态氮/总氮值、NDF及ADF的含量(P<0.05);各处理组间乙酸与丁酸含量差异显著(P<0.05),木质素含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合比较,添加乳酸菌制剂和青玉米汁发酵液的水稻秸青贮发酵品质及营养价值均优于对照组,而且添加青玉米汁发酵液的水稻秸青贮发酵品质及营养价值更好。 相似文献
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正交设计优化农作物秸秆混合青贮模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验选用L9(34)正交表设计方案研究几种农作物秸秆混合青贮的优化模式.试验因素为青贮原料(花生秧,甘薯藤,玉米秸秆)组成比例(A)、纤维素酶添加量(B)、乳酸菌添加量(C).60 d后对开封的青贮饲料进行感官鉴定和实验室鉴定.结果表明各因素对青贮饲料品质的影响均显著,影响大小依次是C＞A＞B;各因素水平间差异显著.综合评价,混合青贮的最优模式为青贮原料花生秧甘薯藤玉米秸秆的最佳比例为112,纤维素酶和乳酸菌的适宜添加量为0.003g/kg和1.0g/kg. 相似文献
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试验旨在研究不同浓度乳酸菌对于构树枝叶青贮品质的影响。共5个处理组,对照组(LA0)不使用添加剂,试验组青贮料调制时分别添加乳酸菌1×105CFU/mL (LA5)、1×106CFU/mL (LA6)、1×107CFU/mL(LA7)以及1×106CFU/mL+2%糖蜜+4%纤维素酶(混合添加剂组),每个处理组设4个重复。构树枝叶青贮料发酵50 d后取样进行感官评定、营养物质测定以及发酵品质分析。结果显示,混合添加剂组为1级青贮饲料,其余处理组均为2级青贮饲料。试验组粗蛋白(CP)、粗灰分(ASH)含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),除LA5组外,其余试验组pH值、氨态氮(NH3-N)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。在乳酸菌试验组中,随着乳酸菌浓度的升高,青贮料pH值、NH3-N、丙酸(PA)和丁酸(BA)含量逐渐下降,乳酸(LA)含量逐渐上升;混合添加剂组CP含量显著高于LA0、LA6和LA7组(P<0.05),pH值、NH3-N含量显著低于LA0、LA5和LA6组(P<0.05),水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、粗灰分和La含量较对照组显著提高(P<0.05),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、半纤维素(HC)含量显著低于其余各组(P<0.05)。试验表明,用混合添加剂处理的构树枝叶青贮料品质最好。 相似文献
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《中国草地学报》2019,(6)
以第二茬盛花期紫花苜蓿为青贮原料,分别添加0.005g/kg乳酸菌、0.005g/kg纤维素酶以及0.005g/kg乳酸菌+0.005g/kg纤维素酶,以无添加为对照,青贮60d后取样分析发酵品质和营养成分,并对苜蓿青贮品质进行评定。结果显示:添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶可显著降低青贮pH值和乙酸含量,显著提高乳酸含量(P0.05)。乳酸菌+纤维素酶处理pH值(4.10)和乙酸含量(1.11%FW)显著低于其他处理(P0.05),而乳酸含量(2.84%FW)显著高于其他处理(P0.05),弗氏评分最高(88分,优级)。纤维素酶处理中性洗涤纤维含量(52.11%DM)、乳酸菌+纤维素酶处理中性洗涤纤维(51.30%DM)和酸性洗涤纤维含量(31.02%DM)显著低于乳酸菌处理和对照(P0.05)。综上表明,添加乳酸菌和纤维素酶可改善苜蓿青贮饲料发酵品质,乳酸菌+纤维素酶组合改善效果最佳;使用纤维素酶可提高苜蓿青贮饲料的营养价值。 相似文献
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本研究分别选用处于抽穗期、乳熟期、蜡熟期和黄熟期的全株湘早籼24饲料稻做为青贮原料,以研究不同生长期和添加乳酸菌对全株湘早籼24饲料稻青贮料感官指标、营养成分和乳酸菌含量的影响。试验采用2×4两因子试验设计,每个生长期分别设对照组和乳酸菌组,乳酸菌组添加0.01g/kg(以鲜重计)的乳酸菌制剂,共8个处理,每个处理3个区组,每个区组6个青贮罐,共144个青贮罐。试验结果表明:(1)随着水稻生长期的延长,水稻的DM、OM含量极显著增加(P0.01);CP含量在前三个生长期逐渐降低;前两个生长期的WSC含量和ADF含量极显著高于后两个生长期(P0.01)。(2)感官评定结果以第三个生长期最好,添加乳酸菌有改善青贮料色泽和气味的趋势。青贮料的pH值以抽穗期的最低,黄熟期的最高;随着生长期的延长,青贮料的DM含量极显著上升(P0.01),干物质回收率呈下降趋势(P0.05);氨态氮和氨态氮/总氮比值在前三个生长期呈上升的趋势。(3)添加乳酸菌明显提高了各生长期青贮料的pH值,极显著提高了各生长期青贮料的乳酸菌含量(P0.01),同时添加乳酸菌提高了青贮料中DM、OM含量(P0.05或P0.01)和干物质回收率(P0.01)。 相似文献
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凋萎和不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以孕蕾后期至初花期紫花苜蓿为材料,在实验室条件下研究了两种凋萎程度(晾晒3 h和晾晒12 h),对应含水率分别为72.6%和61.8%的苜蓿草分别添加乳酸菌接种剂(LAB)、甜菜粕(SB)、乳酸菌+甜菜粕(LAB+SB)、甲酸钠(SF)、甲酸钠+甜菜粕(SF+SB)五组不同添加剂处理及对照组(CK)对苜蓿青贮发酵品质和主要营养成分含量的影响。青贮65 d开封,对青贮进行了感官评定和实验室评定。结果表明,1)添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质有极显著的影响(P<0.01),各种添加剂均不同程度地提高了苜蓿青贮饲料的发酵品质,显著降低了青贮饲料的pH和氨态氮含量;2)两种凋萎程度下苜蓿青贮的NDF、ADF和干物质回收率均与对照组差异不显著,LAB+SB和SF处理显著提高了青贮饲料WSC的含量(P<0.05),添加SB显著降低了青贮饲料的CP值(P<0.05);3)提高原料的凋萎程度能够改善苜蓿青贮饲料的发酵品质,显著提高青贮饲料的CP和WSC含量(P<0.05)。总体来说,不同添加剂的青贮效果不同,添加LAB+SB的青贮品质最佳。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献