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鱼类免疫应答机制研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鱼类免疫应答可以分为固有免疫和适应性免疫,但固有免疫发挥主要作用。固有免疫对病原体的识别是通过模式识别受体PRR与病原相关分子模式PAMP的相互结合实现,这与哺乳类相似。但为适应水生生活,鱼类固有免疫对PAMP的识别范围更广,免疫应答的启动条件更低。固有免疫的效应细胞主要是单核/巨噬细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、自然杀伤细胞等,具有吞噬和杀伤功能,还可分泌多种免疫相关的细胞因子,介导发生炎症反应。适应性免疫中,T淋巴细胞通过抗原提呈细胞分解吸收抗原,由主要组织相容性复合物(MHC)类分子递送到细胞表面才能识别。B淋巴细胞分泌产生以免疫球蛋白Ig M为主的抗体分子,而发挥抗体中和作用及免疫调理作用的Ig G在鱼类中比较少见,说明鱼类抗体的免疫功能还处于较低水平。本文综述了近二十年内鱼类免疫应答机制的相关研究进展,为进一步了解鱼类免疫应答机制提供参考。 相似文献
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采用饱和硫酸氨分步沉淀和Sephadex G200凝胶层析的方法，首次分别纯化制备了健康非免疫状态下中华鲟（Acipenser sinensis）、史氏鲟（Acipenser schrenckii）和达氏鳇（Huso dauricus）的血清免疫球蛋白（Ig）
，并采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）、SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDSPAGE）、蛋白免
疫印迹（Western blotting）及免疫琼扩实验等方法对其Ig及Ig亚单位的分子量和部分特性进行了分析。PAGE及SDSPAGE的结果显示：史氏鲟，中华鲟和达氏鳇IgM的相对分子量分别为867 kD， 896 kD和924 kD；3种鲟鱼Ig的重链分子量均为88 kD，都具有29 kD的轻链，其中达氏鳇还另有一分子量约为26 kD的轻链蛋白。分子量的测定及计算结果显示鲟鱼的Ig为四聚体。Western-blotting的检测结果表明，3种鲟鱼Ig的重链与其Ig具有同样的抗原性，在硝酸纤维素膜上可被兔抗鲟Ig多克隆抗体所识别，而轻链的Western blotting检测结果则呈阴性。免疫沉淀反应的结果显示，3种鲟鱼的血清及其Ig与相互之间的兔抗Ig血清有免疫沉淀反应，但与兔抗鲤Ig血清无免疫沉淀反应，这表明3种鲟科鱼类的Ig在结构和序列上是较为相似的，而与鲤鱼等高等硬骨鱼类的Ig存在较大的差别。 相似文献
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采用同源克隆和RACE技术,克隆了军曹鱼Igμ重链的cDNA全序列,并通过荧光定量技术分析其在组织中的表达。军曹鱼Igμ的cDNA全长1933bp,3的非编码区域(UTR)为164bp,5UTR为26bp,开放阅读框为1743bp,编码580个氨基酸,分子量为64.831ku,理论等电点6.6。推测的军曹鱼Igμ全长氨基酸序列与已报道的鱼类的相似性最高为60%,最低为30%,同两栖类的相似度在30%~33%,同其他高等的动物相似度不足30%。较保守的CH4区和鱼类相似性在64%~71%,同其他生物的相似度仅为31%~33%,具有较强的物种特异性。军曹鱼Igμ中存在半胱氨酸和色氨酸的保守位点以及FR2骨架区的GKGLEW和在FR3的YYCAR保守序列。Igμ链基因在健康鱼体中除了肾以外在其它各组织中均有表达,在肠中的表达量最高。经鲨鱼弧菌刺激48、96、192h后,在采样的各个组织中均有表达,心脏、鳃、肠道在刺激后48h表达量明显增加,脾脏、胃和脑0h时的表达量较高,肝脏、头肾以及肾脏192h后表达较显著。从时间上看,黏膜免疫屏障最先抵御外来抗原,其后,依次是肝脏、肾、头肾产生免疫应答,说明系统免疫在长时间的抵御外来抗原时发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
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鱼类免疫球蛋白重链基因与基因座的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
归纳了脊椎动物中报道的所有的免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin,Ig)的种类,重点阐述了鱼类免疫球蛋白重链(heavy chain,H)基因及其基因座的研究进展。硬骨鱼类中目前已发现有IgM、IgD、IgZ/IgT以及一个嵌合体IgM-IgZ,软骨鱼类中目前只报道了3种免疫球蛋白基因,即IgM、IgNAR和IgW。已报道的硬骨鱼类IgH基因座并非都是以传统的“易位子”排列方式进行排列,一般以(VH)n-(D)n-(JH)n-(Cζ)-(D)n-(JH)n-(Cμ)-(Cδ)的形式排列,不同硬骨鱼类的IgH基因座的结构特点、基因座中重链基因的数目以及基因座的拷贝数都存在一定差异。软骨鱼类中IgH基因座则是以“多簇”形式排列,即VH-D-D-JH-CH区段或VH-D-D-D-JH-CH区段在基因组中作为统一体多次复制。在不同种类的硬骨鱼类中,Ig表达器官或组织方面的研究结果并不完全相同,但一般在免疫器官如胸腺、头肾和脾脏中均有表达。目前对鱼类免疫球蛋白的研究尚不全面,要全面阐明鱼类B细胞个体发生、鱼类免疫球蛋白的结构、抗体产生的规律以及这些不同抗体在免疫反应中的作用等,都需要更进一步的研究。 相似文献
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欧洲鳗鲡血清免疫球蛋白纯化及其结构分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
应用亲和层析技术提纯欧洲鳗鲡免疫球蛋白（Ig），并对欧鳗Ig的结构和抗原性进行分析。层析结果表明：Ig蛋白呈现一个锐形曲线，蛋白峰与抗原活性峰高度重叠。SDSPAGE分析表明：欧鳗Ig重链分子量为68 kD，轻链有3条，分子量分别为21 kD、23 kD和26 kD。凝胶电泳结果显示：在非变性非还原条件下，欧鳗Ig有790 kD和350 kD 2条蛋白带，在变性非还原条件下有790 kD、593 kD和350 kD 3条蛋白带。Western-blotting试验证实：兔抗欧鳗Ig能识别欧鳗Ig的多种不同聚合体和Ig的重链，但不能识别Ig的轻链。结论：欧鳗Ig在自然条件下可能以四聚体和二聚体的形式存在，这与其它硬骨鱼的Ig形式有差异。欧鳗Ig链间二硫键不健全,在SDS作用下可解聚产生多种不同分子量的聚合体，首次揭示欧鳗Ig的轻链有3种异型。 相似文献
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采用饱和硫酸铵分步盐析结合Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤层析及DEAE Sepharose离子层析法,对牙鲆皮肤黏液中的免疫球蛋白(Ig)进行了分离纯化,并通过SDS-PAGE及Western-blotting技术对纯化蛋白的部分特性进行了分析。结果表明,30%、50%饱和硫酸铵分步盐析可以去除牙鲆黏液中除Ig外的很多杂蛋白,得到粗提黏液Ig;再经Sephacryl S-300纯化,Ig纯度较高,其中含有72和26 ku的条带;DEAE Sepharose层析法可进一步纯化Sephacryl S-300柱层析的产物,所提取黏液Ig经SDS-PAGE检测,只含有72和26 ku两个条带,初步认为是牙鲆黏液Ig的重链和轻链。Western-blotting结果显示,抗牙鲆血清Ig单克隆抗体可与黏液Ig重链72 ku条带发生发应。 相似文献
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应用亲和层析技术提纯欧洲鳗(Anguilla anguilla)黏膜免疫球蛋白(Ig),并在结构和抗原性上进行分析.柱层析结果表明,欧洲鳗黏膜Ig经亲和层析分离后出现1个锐形的蛋白峰,蛋白主要分布于收集物的第2-6管,蛋白峰和抗原活性峰重叠.凝胶电泳结果显示,在变性还原条件下,欧洲鳗黏膜Ig重、轻链分子量分别为68 kD和26 kD,还有1条分子量约为18 kD的蛋白带;在非变性非还原条件下,黏膜Ig只有1条蛋白带,分子量约为350 kD,略旱扩散拖带现象,这一结果提示自然条件下欧洲鳗黏膜Ig可能以二聚体形式存在;在变性非还原条件下,黏膜Ig有3条蛋白带,分子量约为350 kD、138 kD和135 kD,表明欧洲鳗黏膜Ig在SDS作用下可发生不同程度的解聚.Western-blotting试验证实,兔抗血清能识别欧洲鳗黏膜Ig的二聚体、解聚体、重链和81 kD、84 kD处的蛋白带,显示出黏膜Ig的抗原特异性.欧洲鳗黏膜Ig与血清Ig在结构和抗原性上的差异.为进一步探讨欧洲鳗是否存在相对独立的黏膜免疫系统奠定了基础. 相似文献
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为研究剑尾鱼Ig Z基因序列及其在疫苗免疫后的表达规律,本实验根据已知的EST库设计引物,利用RT-PCR等方法,获得剑尾鱼Ig Z基因c DNA全长序列,并进行生物信息学分析和疫苗免疫后组织表达分析。结果显示,剑尾鱼Ig Z基因全长序列为5 420 bp,包含4个外显子和3个内含子;c DNA序列全长1 527 bp,包含一个1 299 bp的完整ORF框,该基因编码432个氨基酸,预测其编码蛋白的分子量大小为47.48 ku,并具有Ig Z的基本结构,与其他硬骨鱼类Ig Z氨基酸序列一致性为28%~54%。荧光定量PCR分析结果显示,Ig Z基因主要在剑尾鱼的头肾、脾脏和肠中分布,且疫苗免疫后11天内,Ig Z基因在头肾、脾脏和肠组织中均表现为先上升后下降的趋势。头肾中Ig Z基因的表达量在第4天时最高,为对照组的2.12倍;脾脏中Ig Z基因在第4天时呈现最高峰,为对照组的4.65倍;肠组织中Ig Z基因的表达量在12 h时有一个小高峰,第2天时最高,为对照组的11.41倍。本研究获得了剑尾鱼Ig Z基因c DNA全长序列,并对其表达规律进行了初步研究,发现Ig Z在肠道黏膜免疫中具有重要作用,这将为进一步验证其在黏膜免疫中的作用以及剑尾鱼作为疾病研究模式动物和疫苗免疫评价模型奠定基础。 相似文献
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首先采用饱和硫酸氨分步沉淀和Sephadex G-200凝胶层析的方法,获得了非免疫状态下中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis Gray)和达氏鳇(Huso dauricus Georgi)的血清免疫球蛋白(Ig),在此基础上使用木瓜蛋白酶水解对所获得的免疫球蛋白片段进行了酶解,并采用SDS-PAGE和Western-blot等方法分析了所获得的水解片段。结果显示,2种鲟鱼的免疫球蛋白均可被木瓜蛋白酶水解蛋白,通过Sephadex G-100凝胶层析后均可得到两个完全分离的、均一的蛋白峰。SDS-PAGE检测两个水解片段的相对分子量分别为44KD和66KD,West-ern-blot检测结果显示,66KD的片段可以在硝酸纤维素杂交膜上被各自的兔抗鲟IgM多克隆抗体所识别,而44KD片段的检测结果为阴性。这表明,2种鲟科鱼类的木瓜蛋白酶水解特性相同,提示鲟科鱼类的免疫球蛋白在免疫学及生化方面具有较大的相似性。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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