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本试验旨在探究豆粕和菜籽粕饲粮中添加新型蛋白酶对生长猪生长性能、养分消化率和血清生化指标的影响。采用2×2因子试验设计，试验因素分别为饲粮类型（玉米-豆粕型和玉米-豆粕-菜籽粕型）和蛋白酶水平（0和300 mg/kg）。选取初始体重为（21.40±1.59） kg的杜×长×大生长猪32头，随机分为4个组，每组8个重复，每个重复1头猪。各组分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲粮、玉米-豆粕型饲粮+300 mg/kg蛋白酶、玉米-豆粕-菜籽粕型饲粮以及玉米-豆粕-菜籽粕型饲粮+300 mg/kg蛋白酶。试验期21 d。结果表明：1）饲粮类型和蛋白酶水平对生长猪的生长性能无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）与玉米-豆粕型饲粮相比，玉米-豆粕-菜籽粕型饲粮显著降低了生长猪的有机物、粗纤维和粗蛋白质消化率（P<0.05）。3）饲粮中添加300 mg/kg蛋白酶显著提高了生长猪的有机物、粗脂肪、干物质、粗蛋白质、粗纤维以及总能消化率（P<0.05）。4）与玉米-豆粕型饲粮相比，玉米-豆粕-菜籽粕型饲粮显著降低了生长猪的血清尿素氮含量（P<0.05）。5）饲粮类型与蛋白酶水平对生长猪的生长性能... 相似文献
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《今日畜牧兽医》2007,(4):49-51
1．1玉米豆粕型日粮中添加酶可提高饲料的能量、蛋白质的利用率大量研究证明，饲料配方按照理想氨基酸平衡原理，可用豆粕等植物性蛋白质代替动物性蛋白质，保持畜禽正常的生产性能。但在玉米豆粕型日粮中存在抗营养因子问题。其中主要是非淀粉粘多糖（NSP）、蛋白酶抑制因子、植物凝集素、植酸、果胶、抗原蛋白等，这些抗营养因子一定程度上降低了饲料的消化利用率。研究证明，饲料中添加复合酶制剂可提高玉米豆粕型日粮的消化利用率。Siversides等（1999）报道了巴西圣保罗和维克萨大学所作实验，采用回肠消化率测定法，在玉米豆粕型饲料添加酶制剂。结果提高了饲料的代谢能值（p〈0．05）和粗蛋白质的消化率（p〈0．05）。 相似文献
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玉米或小麦型日粮添加菜籽粕对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率和粪中菌群含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验旨在通过玉米和小麦与豆粕和菜籽粕营养成分的研究,分析研究玉米或小麦型日粮中添加菜籽粕对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率和粪中菌群数量的影响。选取(21±1)d杜×长×大断奶仔猪480头,采用完全随机设计分为4个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20头。各组分别饲喂以玉米-豆粕、玉米-菜籽粕(20%菜籽粕替代豆粕)、小麦-豆粕和小麦-菜籽粕(20%菜籽粕替代豆粕)的日粮,试验共进行4周。结果显示:各处理组对断奶仔猪平均日采食量、平均日增重和末重均无显著影响(P0.05);仔猪断奶后1~14 d,小麦-菜籽粕型日粮组耗料增重比显著高于玉米-豆粕型日粮组(P0.05);仔猪断奶后15~28 d,玉米-豆粕型日粮组能量和蛋白质消化率显著高于其他各组(P0.05);与小麦型日粮组相比,玉米型日粮组显著提高了粪中乳酸杆菌和粪肠球菌含量(P0.05),但小麦型日粮组粪中梭状芽胞杆菌含量表现为最高(P0.05)。结果表明:玉米或小麦型日粮中添加20%菜籽粕替代豆粕可提高断奶仔猪饲料利用率,蛋白质和能量消化率及粪中微生物菌群的表达量,对仔猪日采食量和日增重无显著影响。 相似文献
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酶制剂作为一种新型高效的饲料添加剂,可以提高畜禽生产性能和减少排泄物的污染,同时也为开辟新的饲料资源、降低饲料生产成本提供了有效的途径。本文就饲料酶制剂在饲料配方中的应用技术作一介绍。1玉米豆粕型日粮中应用酶的技术1.1玉米豆粕型日粮中添加酶可提高饲料的能量和蛋白质的利用率大量研究证明,饲料配方按照理想氨基酸平衡原理,可用豆粕等植物性蛋白质代替动物性蛋白质,保持畜禽正常的生产性能。但在玉米豆粕型日粮中存在抗营养因子问题,其中主要是非淀粉粘多糖(NSP)、蛋白酶抑制因子、植物凝集素、植酸、果胶、抗原蛋白等,这些… 相似文献
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酸梅粉对生长猪生产性能和养分表观消化率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用单因子试验设计,研究磷缺乏(0.17%非植酸磷)的玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加天然物质酸梅粉对生长猪生产性能和养分(干物质、粗灰分、粗蛋白、钙和磷)表观消化率的影响。研究结果表明:1.5%的酸梅粉有改善生长猪生产性能的趋势,但是各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05);与负对照相比,含有1.5%酸梅粉的日粮干物质、粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙和磷分别提高了3.26%(P<0.05)、6.27%(P<0.01)、17.30%(P<0.01)、48.52%(P<0.01),与正对照相比差异不显著(P>0.05),3%酸梅粉组与负对照相比有提高养分消化率的趋势但差异不显著(P>0.05)。表明,玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加酸梅粉能提高生长猪生产性能和养分表观消化率,1.5%的酸梅粉能节约37.04%有效磷的添加。 相似文献
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酶制剂在饲料配方设计中的应用技术 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
酶制剂作为一种新型高效饲料添加剂 ,可以提高畜禽生产性能和减少排泄物的污染 ,同时也为开辟新的饲料资源、降低饲料生产成本提供了有效途径。本文就饲料酶制剂在饲料配方设计中的应用技术作一介绍。1 玉米豆粕型日粮中应用酶的技术1 1 玉米豆粕型日粮中添加酶可提高饲料的能量、蛋白质利用率 大量研究证明 ,饲料配方按照理想氨基酸平衡原理 ,可用豆粕等植物性蛋白质代替鱼粉等动物性蛋白质 ,保持畜禽正常的生产性能。但在玉米豆粕型日粮中存在抗营养因子问题 ,其中主要是非淀粉粘多糖 (ＮＳＰ)、蛋白酶抑制因子、植物凝集素、植酸、果… 相似文献
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为研究蛋白酶组合对鲁烟白猪养分消化率及氮平衡的影响,试验选取6头体重相近(30±1)kg、健康去势的鲁烟白猪,采用有重复的6×6拉丁方设计进行消化试验,试验设3种饲粮为玉米-豆粕型、玉米-杂粕型、小麦-杂粕型,每种饲粮设对照组不添加蛋白酶,加酶组添加0.1%复合蛋白酶。试验分为6期,于每期试验的第6、7天连续收集48 h的粪样和尿样测定养分消化率和氮平衡代谢。结果表明,蛋白酶组合在玉米-豆粕型、玉米-杂粕型和小麦-杂粕型饲粮中对鲁烟白猪粗蛋白质消化率分别比对照组提高1.19(P0.05)、3.63(P0.01)和1.91(P0.01)个百分点;氮总利用率加酶组分别比对照组提高1.21(P0.01)、1.97(P0.01)、0.92(P0.01)个百分点。综合分析,试验中的蛋白酶组合对鲁烟白猪养分消化率及氮平衡有显著影响,其中蛋白酶组合对玉米-杂粕型饲粮效果显著或极显著高于玉米-豆粕型和小麦-杂粕型饲粮。 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Davis MS Willard MD Nelson SL Mandsager RE McKiernan BS Mansell JK Lehenbauer TW 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(3):311-314
Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Tropical Animal Health and Production - 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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H Hayashi T Yoshimura J Y Chen 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1985,8(2):73-87
Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献