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鱼类体液免疫因子研究进展 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：21
同高等脊椎动物一样 ,鱼类也是通过免疫系统来抵御外来病原生物的侵害 ,通过非特异性和特异性的免疫防御机制来维持机体的正常功能及自身内环境的稳定。但是 ,近年来鱼类病害发生频繁 ,其中某些疾病给水产养殖业造成灾难性的危害。这就使得免疫防治技术在鱼病防治中呈现出日趋广阔的应用前景[1] 。因此 ,对鱼类特别是重要的经济鱼类免疫系统的研究受到国内外学者的广泛关注。鱼类的免疫系统是鱼体执行免疫功能的机构 ,是产生免疫应答的物质基础 ,由免疫器官、免疫细胞和体液免疫因子组成。本文着重就鱼类体液免疫因子的研究进展作一概述 ,包… 相似文献
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鱼类虽然是低等的脊椎动物,但它们仍有较为完善的免疫系统,当机体受到病原生物刺激后,能够产生特异免疫应答,抵御病原入侵。因而可以通过研制、接种疫苗,刺激鱼类免疫系统,获得免疫保护,预防疾病的发生。 相似文献
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鳃为鱼类重要的呼吸器官，是鱼类进行离子交换、酸碱调节和含氮废物排泄的重要结构基础，也是鱼类重要的外周黏膜免疫器官之一，在抵御病原微生物侵染过程中发挥重要的免疫屏障作用。当前，硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜免疫反应是研究热点之一。本文首先对硬骨鱼类鳃的结构和特点进行分析，之后综述了抗菌肽、干扰素、白细胞介素、Toll样受体、补体等先天性免疫相关分子以及T细胞受体和免疫球蛋白等适应性免疫相关分子在硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜中的表达规律、分子功能，最后探讨了化学因素(重金属、杀虫剂等)、生物因素(细菌、病毒、真菌、和寄生虫等)以及营养物质和疫苗等对硬骨鱼类鳃黏膜结构的影响，以期为深入研究鳃在鱼类黏膜免疫反应中的角色和应答机制提供指导，为硬骨鱼类病原性疾病的免疫防控策略的制定提供理论基础。 相似文献
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鱼类黏膜相关淋巴组织是抵御病原入侵的第一道防线。其中,鱼类鼻黏膜相关淋巴组织（Nasal-associated lymphoid tissue,NALT）近年来被国内外学者所关注,并被证明是嗅觉器官中抗原识别和启动黏膜免疫应答的重要场所,在细菌、病毒和寄生虫感染后可发挥快速的局部免疫响应。以NALT为靶点,对鱼类开展疫苗鼻内接种可起到良好的免疫保护效果。但目前,对NALT中复杂的免疫细胞与分子网络及其互作机制知之甚少。本文对鱼类嗅觉器官结构与功能、NALT的细胞与分子网络及免疫应答、鼻内接种的应答及免疫保护效果等方面的最新研究进展进行综述,旨在阐明鱼类NALT在黏膜局部发挥的免疫防御机制,以期为新型黏膜疫苗的设计与研发提供参考。 相似文献
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正常鲤外周血白细胞cDNA文库的构建 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
随着水产养殖业的发展,与鱼病防治紧密相关的鱼类免疫机制的研究越来越显示出其重要的理论与应用价值。鱼类的免疫系统虽不及哺乳动物发达,但其外周血白细胞已具有类似T、B淋巴细胞的分类,是机体体液免疫和细胞免疫的重要组成部分[1,2],但目前人们对鱼类免疫应答调控的机制 相似文献
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ＤＮＡ疫苗也称核酸疫苗、基因疫苗 ,是将含有编码保护性抗原蛋白的基因序列和表达所必需调控元件的质粒ＤＮＡ直接导入动物组织 ,使抗原蛋白经过内源性表达并递呈给免疫系统 ,诱发机体产生特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫应答 ,形成对相应病原的免疫保护作用 ,用于免疫的质粒ＤＮＡ称为ＤＮＡ疫苗。它不同于传统的弱毒疫苗、灭活疫苗及亚单位苗 ,是带有特异性抗原基因的真核表达质粒 ,是继病原体疫苗、亚单位疫苗之后的第 3代疫苗[1] 。ＤＮＡ疫苗在人体和哺乳动物研究中已取得一定进展 ,部分疫苗已进入临床试验阶段[2 ] 。而鱼类ＤＮＡ疫苗的研… 相似文献
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先天免疫是宿主识别病原及消除病原感染的第一道防线。模式识别受体是参与识别病原入侵的主要分子，主要包括Toll样受体、RIG-I样受体、NOD样受体和C型凝集素受体等。模式识别受体在识别病原相关分子模式后，激活机体的先天免疫信号通路，诱导炎症细胞因子和干扰素的产生，从而启动抵抗病原入侵的免疫应答。越来越多的证据表明，免疫应答的激活、维持和终止受到了严格的调节，使机体在保持一定免疫强度的同时避免产生过度的免疫反应。microRNA是一类长度为18～23 nt的微小非编码RNA，是鱼类先天免疫应答网络中的重要调控因子。近年来，microRNA在鱼类免疫学领域已开展了大量的研究，但缺乏对其进行及时地全面性的总结。本文综述了近年来miRNA在鱼类先天免疫反应中的研究进展，以期为鱼类的分子抗病育种及疾病防控研究提供一些思路。 相似文献
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鱼类免疫系统的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>与哺乳动物不同,鱼类属于变温、低等动物。鱼类免疫系统主要由免疫组织与器官、免疫细胞和免疫因子组成,通常是指机体执行免疫应答和免疫功能的组织系统,是机体自身识别"自我"与消除"非我",进而排除异己的一个功能体系。其主要功能有免疫防御、免疫监视及免疫自稳三方面。鱼类的免疫系统知识仍然在不断的完善过程中,与哺乳类一致,鱼类免疫也可分为特异性和非特异性免疫两大部分。一般来说,非特异性免疫 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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Iciar Martinez Amaya Velasco Ricardo Pérez-Martín Eskil Forås Michiaki Yamashita Carmen G. Sotelo 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2013,22(4):289-297
The purpose of this work was to evaluate the suitability of a method based on the presence of two restriction sites (for Hae III and Hindf I) in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (mt ND5) gene to identify Scomber species. The evaluation was performed on 144 reference and market samples by sequencing of the entire 505-bp fragment of the mt ND5 gene and of a 464-bp fragment of the Kocher fragment of the cytochrome b gene (mt Cytb). Sequence analysis of any of the two fragments allows the identification of each of the four Scomber species, but S. japonicus and S. colias had the same restriction sites at the ND5 amplicon and would not have been differentiated by this analysis. Similarly, loss of the Hae III site in some S. scombrus individuals would have misidentified them as not being Scomber. All the market products were correctly labeled except one acquired in Spain labeled as originating in the Atlantic and containing S. japonicus. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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