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1.
自海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)受精后第10天起,定期取一定量海湾扇贝幼虫,分别置于不同浓度梯度的KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、L-DOPA、5-羟色胺、GABA、茶碱和咖啡因等8种诱导物中,处理时间为8h。实验后第14天取出幼虫观察显示,这8种诱导物对不同发育天数海湾扇贝幼虫的变态有着不同的诱导作用。13.42×10-3和20.13×10-3mol/L的KCl对第12天幼虫的变态有抑制作用,变态提高率为负值;当幼虫发育至第13和14天时,上述两浓度的KCl能够明显诱导幼虫变态,变态率均提高20%以上,而对于第16天的幼虫诱导作用有所减弱,变态提高率有所降低;26.85×10-3mol/L的KCl对第12和13天幼虫的变态均有抑制作用,变态提高率为负值,对第14和16天幼虫的变态却有明显持续的诱导作用,变态率分别提高22.98%和37.5%。神经递质肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、L-DOPA、5-羟色胺和GABA的诱导作用规律基本相似,即对第13天海湾扇贝幼虫的变态有明显的抑制作用,变态提高率均为负值,而对第14天幼虫的诱导作用较显著。茶碱和咖啡因作为影响细胞内cAMP的物质,其诱导作用规律与神经递质有所不同,对第13天海湾扇贝幼虫变态的诱导效果最好。 相似文献
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为探究pH对海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradia)胚胎发育及幼虫生长发育的影响,本研究以pH 8.0~8.2为对照组,分析不同pH (分别为7.6~7.7、7.3~7.4、7.0~7.1和6.7~6.8)对海湾扇贝胚胎及幼虫的影响。结果显示,随着pH的降低,各实验组孵化率降低,畸形率增高,孵化时间延长,且幼虫个体明显小于对照组(P<0.05)。D形幼虫期与壳顶幼虫期幼虫存活率与生长速率均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。幼虫发育至第8天时,pH 7.0~7.1与pH 6.7~6.8实验组的存活率分别为6.1%和5.6%,而对照组为75.2%,除pH 7.6~7.7组外,各实验组生长速率均在3.4 μm/d及以下,基本呈现生长停滞状态。眼点幼虫附着率与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),第7天时,pH 6.7~6.8实验组附着率仅为31.7%。研究表明,海水pH变化对海湾扇贝早期胚胎及幼虫生长发育具有显著影响,该研究为评估pH变化对海湾扇贝等经济贝类资源和养殖产业的影响提供了参考资料。 相似文献
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用质量浓度为0.05、0.5、5μg/ml的5-羟色胺与栉孔扇贝血淋巴孵育,采用生化方法,测定栉孔扇贝血清和血细胞中髓过氧化物酶活性和一氧化氮含量。结果表明,3个5-羟色胺质量浓度下各试验组的血清中髓过氧化物酶活性均低于对照组,差异显著;各试验组的血细胞中髓过氧化物酶活性均低于对照组,差异显著。5-羟色胺质量浓度为0.05μg/ml时,各试验组的血清一氧化氮含量低于对照组,差异不显著;5-羟色胺质量浓度为0.5、5μg/ml时,各试验组的血清一氧化氮含量高于对照组,差异显著。3个5-羟色胺质量浓度下,各试验组的血细胞一氧化氮含量均低于对照组,差异显著。说明5-羟色胺对栉孔扇贝血淋巴中的髓过氧化物酶活性和一氧化氮含量起到了调节作用。5-羟色胺可能在栉孔扇贝的免疫调节中发挥重要作用。 相似文献
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为探究5-羟色胺2A受体（5-HT 2A receptor， 5-HT2AR）基因在海水贝类生长发育中的作用，本研究通过RACE技术和实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）克隆了厚壳贻贝5-HT2AR 基因的cDNA全长，并分析该基因的时空表达。结果显示，5-HT2AR基因全长2 636 bp，开放阅读框（ORF）2 124 bp，共编码707个氨基酸。序列分析结果显示该序列与人、小鼠、斑马鱼、长牡蛎和虾夷扇贝等物种分别具有45%、45%、48%、49%和67%的同源性。厚壳贻贝雌雄成体各组织和器官中均有5-HT2AR基因表达，雄性中的鳃表达量最高，而在雌性鳃、外套膜和性腺中的表达稍高于其他组织和器官；推测该基因可能与厚壳贻贝的摄食、对外界环境的感知及促进卵母细胞成熟有关。5-HT2AR基因在厚壳贻贝各发育阶段均有表达，且稚贝的表达量为眼点幼虫的1.4倍，推测5-HT2AR基因可能参与了调控厚壳贻贝幼虫的生长发育过程。本研究为进一步了解5-HT基因家族在双壳贝类中的功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
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镉对海湾扇贝的急性毒性研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
利用水生生物毒性试验方法,分5个浓度进行镉对日照海域海湾扇贝的急性毒性实验,以期对日照海域海湾扇贝养殖提供理论依据。利用概率单位和浓度对数作线性回归,得出镉对海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradiams)在24、48、96h的半致死量LC50,其值分别为5.85、4.52和3.45mg/L。并计算出镉对海湾扇贝的安全质量浓度为0.0345mg/L。实验证明,Cd对海湾扇贝是剧毒性的毒物,海湾扇贝发育越往后期,它对Cd的耐受性就越大。 相似文献
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本研究以海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)为研究对象, 通过96 h半静水毒性实验,探讨了消油剂、0号柴油分散液(WAF)与0号柴油乳化液(CEWAF)对海湾扇贝24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h急性毒性效应。结果显示,消油剂对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为1905(1570-2451 mg/L)、1293(1070-1556 mg/L)、1015(721-1348 mg/L)、846 mg/L(660-1020 mg/L);WAF对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为36.57(29.42-48.96 mg/L)、23.10(21.07-25.39 mg/L)、14.99(13.66-16.41 mg/L)、11.31 mg/L(8.37-14.47 mg/L);CEWAF对海湾扇贝的24 h、48 h、72 h和96 h半致死浓度(95%可信限)分别为12.71(10.78-15.55 mg/L)、8.51 (7.99-9.07 mg/L)、6.56(4.46-7.74 mg/L)、5.42 mg/L(4.51-6.29 mg/L)。消油剂、0号柴油分散液、0号柴油乳化液对海湾扇贝96 h安全浓度分别为84.6、1.13、0.54 mg/L。随着实验时间的延长,消油剂、WAF和CEWAF对海湾扇贝的半致死浓度(LC50)均呈逐渐降低之势,半致死浓度与时间呈幂函数关系,其关系式分别为y=12242x–0.583、y=564.37x–0.848、y=89.987x–0.613。在受试溶液中暴露相同时间,海湾扇贝的半致死浓度从高到低依次为消油剂、WAF和CEWAF,说明CEWAF对海湾扇贝的毒性大于消油剂和WAF,这对于在养殖海区使用消油剂处理溢油事故具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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扇贝异源三倍体诱导 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
荧光显微观察表明,20℃水温下,栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)的卵与海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians)的精子可以正常受精和发育,具备人工诱导三倍体的可行性.亲贝充分促熟后,分开催产,以20:1的精卵比授精;在50%的受精卵排出第1极体时,以60mg/L 6-二甲基氨基嘌呤(6-DMAP)处理受精卵10～25 min,可诱导75.23%～92.14%的三倍体;6-DMAP处理15 min综合诱导效果最好,三倍体诱导率可达88.56%,孵化率可达53.52%.得到的三倍体幼虫经基因组原位杂交(Genomicin situ hybridization,GISH)验证,为含有2套栉孔扇贝染色体组和1套海湾扇贝染色体组的异源三倍体.孵化后诱导组与杂交对照组(未经6-DMAP处理)幼虫生长越来越缓慢,受精后14 d其幼虫存活率分别下降到0.000 67%和0.002 24%,没有幼虫度过附着变态期.GISH分析显示,栉孔扇贝与海湾扇贝不同倍性的杂种后代早在担轮幼虫阶段就出现母本偏向性染色体转变. 相似文献
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A base population of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians Lamarck, was produced by crossing two cultured bay scallop populations. After 1 year of rearing, the top 10% truncation selection of the top 10% ( i =1.755) was carried out in the base population of about 1300 adults. A control parental group with a an identical number to the select parental group was randomly selected from the entire population before isolation of the select parental group. The result showed that, at the larval stage, the growth rate of larvae in the selected line was significantly higher than that of the control ( P <0.05), and that the genetic gain was 6.78%. Owing to the lower density of control at the spat stage, the mean shell length of the control line was larger than that of the select line at day 100. When the same density was adjusted between two lines in the grow-out stage (from day 100 to 160), the daily growth rate of the selected line was significantly higher than that of the control line ( P <0.05). Survival of the select line was significantly larger than that of the control line in the grow-out stage. In conclusion, the results obtained from this experiment indicate that selective breeding from a base population with a high genetic diversity established by mass spawning between different populations appears to be a promising method of genetic improvement in bay scallop, A. irradians irradians Lamarck. 相似文献
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研究了塔玛亚历山大藻（Alexandrium tamarense）ATHK株对海湾扇贝受精卵孵化的影响,并探讨了可能的影响机制。将海湾扇贝受精卵暴露于不同密度的塔玛亚历山大藻ATHK中,观察其对胚胎孵化各阶段的影响,并利用光镜和透射电镜对实验组和对照组胚胎的外部形态和内部结构进行连续观察。结果表明：该藻对海湾扇贝受精卵孵化有显著的抑制作用,其IC50约为800 mL-1;2000 mL-1的ATHK延缓或破坏了胚胎的正常发育,胚胎内部出现大量溶酶体,原肠胚腔不能形成,且部分细胞出现胞质肿胀、线粒体自溶的现象,细胞不能进行正常的功能性分化;观察发现实验组中有些担轮幼虫的外形畸变,鞭毛发育迟缓;至24 h（D型幼虫）时,ATHK组中的D型幼虫数量远远低于对照组（P<0.05）,且死亡率明显高于对照组。观察还发现ATHK藻细胞和胚胎碰撞接触的现象,这种碰撞接触可能对有害物质的释放和转移有一定的刺激作用。 相似文献
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《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5463-5471
Hatchery production of great scallop, Pecten maximus, remains unpredictable, notably due to poor larval survival. Large‐scale flow‐through systems up to 3500 L have been developed to avoid the use of antibiotics in static systems. Alternatively, small‐scale flow‐through systems have been successfully applied for oysters but they proved to be unsuitable to rear scallop larvae. By focusing on physical factors presumed to limit P. maximus larval development, this study aimed to optimize great scallop larvae rearing parameters under controlled conditions. First, the influence of aeration on larval performances, energetic metabolism and antioxidant defences were studied both in static and flow‐through systems. Aeration depressed larval food intake, regardless of the intensities of flow tested (100 ml/min, 155 ml/min and 270 ml/min). On the other hand, antioxidant enzyme activities remained constant or decreased, suggesting that antioxidant defences were inactivated. The increase in citrate synthase activity suggested an increase in metabolic rate possibly due to a turbulent stressful environment. All larvae exposed to such turbulence died before reaching metamorphosis, whereas those reared without aeration survived well (≈ 95%). The effects of water renewal were thereafter studied in 50‐L flow‐through flat‐bottomed tanks. No differences in survival (20.4 ± 0.5%), growth (3.8 ± 0.2 μm/d), competence (5.6 ± 0.2%), energetic metabolism level and antioxidant enzyme activities were observed when comparing 12.5 and 25 L/hr water renewal. Whereas air bubbling leads to detrimental effects, flow‐through in small flat‐bottomed tanks appears to be a suitable technique for scallop larvae rearing. 相似文献
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L. LEIBOVITZ 《Journal of fish diseases》1989,12(2):125-136
Abstract. Diseases of bivalve molluscs characterized by the presence of prokaryotic intra-cytoplasmic inclusion bodies in epithelial cells are reviewed. The paper reports the history, clinical and pathological findings during hatchery epizootics of chlamydiosis in larval and postmetamorphic bay scallops, Argopecten irradians (Lamarck), and enzootic infection in wild, captive and cultured adult and juvenile bay scallops during a 15-year period (1972–1987) of surveillance for scallop diseases in the northeastern Atlantic coastal region of the United States. The disease was found in 44·4% of adult bay scallop laboratory accessions as an endemic disease without overt clinical signs or mortalities, and as a highly fatal epizootic disease with a rapid course in 20% of hatchery-reared larval and postmetamorphic bay scallop accessions. The pathogenesis and development of the chlamydial agent during hatchery epizootics are described. The importance of the congenital 'childhood' diseases of larval bay scallops and other species of bivalve molluscs is discussed. 相似文献
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在海湾扇贝亲贝促熟培养中混养海参的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
首次在海湾扇贝亲贝的促熟培育中，在池底放养海参，利用海参来摄食扇贝的粪便和残饵，改善亲贝蓄养水质。经42天混养试验表明：实验组比对照组性腺指数明显提高，水质得到了明显的改善，换水量降低了25％-30％，降低了生产成本，同时海参也增重了约30％，取得了比较好的效果。 相似文献
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为延长海湾扇贝贮运过程中的存活期并保证其品质,将海湾扇贝平铺放入HDPE材质的包装袋(32 cm×25 cm),并充入体积分数为99.9%的氧气,密封后将充氧包装的海湾扇贝分别置于0、5、10、15℃4个不同温度下,探讨不同温度对其品质的影响。试验结果显示,密封充氧包装的海湾扇贝较低温条件下的存活率、感官评价分值和糖原明显高于同一时间的较高温条件,同时较高温条件下质量损失率、色度差、细菌总数上升速度均高于较低温条件。其中,0℃条件下无水保活效果最好,11 d出现死亡,15 d全部死亡。首次出现死亡时间比5、10、15℃组分别延长5、7、9 d;全部死亡时间比5、10、15℃组分别延长4、5、9 d。0℃条件下,其感官评价分值在0～4 d内接近满分,颜色变化最小,其色度差为3.98。综合各项指标变化,0℃条件下有利于延长充氧包装内海湾扇贝的保活时间,有效保持海湾扇贝活品品质。研究结果为活品海湾扇贝密封充氧保活保鲜技术提供数据参考。 相似文献
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A.O.L. Wong C.K. Murphy J.P. Chang C.M. Neumann A. Lo R.E. Peter 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1998,19(1):23-34
In this study, the direct actions of serotonin (5HT) on gonadotropin (GTH)-II and growth hormone (GH) release in the goldfish were tested at the pituitary cell level. 5HT (10 nM - 10 µM) stimulated GTH-II but inhibited GH release from perifused goldfish pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner. The minimal effective dose of 5HT tested to suppress basal GH secretion (10 nM) was 10-fold lower than that to stimulate GTH-II release (100 nM). The GTH-II releasing effect of 5HT was abolished by repeated 5HT treatment (10 µM) whereas the corresponding inhibition on GH release was unaffected. These results suggest that 5HT receptors on goldfish gonadotrophs and somatotrophs exhibit intrinsic differences in terms of sensitivity to stimulation and resistance to desensitization. Salmon GTH-releasing hormone (sGnRH, 100 nM) stimulated GTH-II and GH release from goldfish pituitary cells. The GTH-II releasing action of sGnRH was unaffected by simultaneous treatment of 5HT (1 µM). However, the corresponding GH response to sGnRH (100 nM) was inhibited. In the goldfish, dopamine is known to stimulate GH release through activation of pituitary D1 receptors. In the present study, the GH-releasing action of dopamine (1 µM) and the D1 agonist SKF38393 (1 µM) was significantly reduced by 5HT (1 µM). To examine the receptor specificity of 5HT action, the effects of 5HT1 and 5HT2 analogs on GTH-II and GH release were tested in goldfish pituitary cells. The 5HT1 agonist 8OH DPAT (0.1 and 1µM) and 5HT2 agonist methyl 5HT (0.1 1µM) mimicked the GTH-II releasing effect of 5HT. The 5HT1 agonist 8OH DPAT (0.1 and 1µM) also stimulated GH release but the 5HT2 agonist methyl 5HT (0.1 and 1µM) was inhibitory to basal GH secretion. In addition, 5HT (1µM) -stimulated GTH-II release was abolished by the 5HT1 antagonist methiothepin (10µM) and 5HT2 antagonist mianserin (10µM). Similarly, the inhibitory action of 5HT (1µM) on basal GH release was blocked by the 5HT2 antagonist mianserin (10µM). The 5HT1 antagonist methiothepin (10µM) was not effective in this regard. These results, taken together, indicate that 5HT exerts its regulatory actions on GTH-II and GH release in the goldfish directly at the pituitary cell level, probably through interactions with other regulators including sGnRH and dopamine. The GTH-II releasing action of 5HT is mediated through 5HT2 and possibly 5HT1 receptors. The inhibition of 5HT on basal GH release is mediated through 5HT2 receptors only. Apparently, 5HT1 receptors are not involved in this inhibitory action. In this study, a paradoxical stimulatory component of 5HT on GH release by activating 5HT1 receptors is also implicated. 相似文献
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中国对虾与海湾扇贝投饵混养的实验研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
用放在海水池塘中的8个陆基围隔(5.0m×5.0m×1.8m),研究中国对虾(Penaeuschinensis)与不同密度海湾扇贝(Argopectenirradians)投饵混养的放养方式、生产力和极限放养量.对虾体长(2.85±0.16)cm,扇贝壳长(1.10±0.12)cm,放养密度分别为6.0尾/m2和0,1.5,4.5,7.5粒/m2,用投饵和施肥(鸡粪和化肥)饲养.结果表明,扇贝密度为0和1.5粒/m2时,对虾的成活率无显著差异.混养(扇贝1.5粒/m2)时对虾的出塘体长、体重和产量分别比单养高2.5%,3.8%和6.5%;当扇贝密度高于1.5粒/m2时,对虾的平均体长、体重和产量随扇贝密度的增加而显著减少(P＜0.05).扇贝密度为1.5和7.5粒/m2时,其产量由470kg/hm2增至1236kg/hm2;当扇贝密度高时,去壳后湿重占体重的百分数从(42.84±3.44)%降至(37.88±4.26)%.扇贝的极限放养量为600～800kg/hm2,适宜放养密度为1.0～1.5粒/m2. 相似文献
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Connectivity of the bay scallop (Argopecten irradians) in Buzzards Bay,Massachusetts, U.S.A. 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chang Liu Geoffrey W. Cowles James H. Churchill Kevin D. E. Stokesbury 《Fisheries Oceanography》2015,24(4):364-382
The harvest of bay scallops (Argopecten irradians) from Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, U.S.A. undergoes large interannual fluctuations, varying by more than an order of magnitude in successive years. To investigate the extent to which these fluctuations may be due to yearly variations in the transport of scallop larvae from spawning areas to suitable juvenile habitat (settlement zones), a high‐resolution hydrodynamic model was used to drive an individual‐based model of scallop larval transport. Model results revealed that scallop spawning in Buzzards Bay occurs during a time when nearshore bay currents were principally directed up‐bay in response to a persistent southwesterly sea breeze. This nearshore flow results in the substantial transport of larvae from lower‐bay spawning areas to settlement zones further up‐bay. Averaged over the entire bay, the spawning‐to‐settlement zone connectivity exhibits little interannual variation. However, connectivities between individual spawning and settlement zones vary by up to an order of magnitude. The model results identified spawning areas that have the greatest probability of transporting larvae to juvenile habitat. Because managers may aim to increase scallop populations either locally or broadly, the high‐connectivity spawning areas were divided into: (i) high larval retention and relatively little larval transport to adjoining settlement areas, (ii) both significant larval retention and transport to more distant settlement areas, and (iii) little larval retention but significant transport to distant settlement areas. 相似文献
20.
虾夷扇贝獐子岛红品系家系建立及生长发育的比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用不平衡巢式设计(♂∶♀=1∶3),建立了12个金贝广场挑选的獐子岛红虾夷扇贝父系半同胞(A、B、C……L)和36个母系全同胞(A1、A2、A3,B1、B2、B3,C1、C2、C3……L1、L2、L3)家系,比较各家系间浮游幼虫期和稚贝期的生长及存活指标,以评估虾夷扇贝"獐子岛红"品系的生长性状。结果表明,K3家系5日龄幼虫生长速度最快,比生长最慢的B3平均壳长大9.40%;I1家系在15日龄时生长速度最快,壳长为164.83μm,C3、D3家系25日龄壳长最大,较平均壳长高17.71%;D2家系120日龄稚贝壳高生长最快,较生长最慢的C1和D1家系平均壳高大40.41%;D2家系180日龄壳高依然最高,较H1平均壳高(18.3mm)高38.96%。I1家系幼虫存活率最高,较D1家系平均存活率高17.67%;F2家系稚贝存活率最高,显著高于其他试验组(P0.05,n=108)。综合36个同胞家系的各指标,D2、I1家系生长、抗逆性状最优,可作为优良品种选育的育种材料。 相似文献