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1.
一种新型惰性粉杀虫剂对几种储粮害虫杀虫效果的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究了一种以硼酸钠为主要成分的新型惰性粉杀虫剂对米象、谷蠹、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗和小眼书虱的触杀、胃毒、种群抑制作用。研究表明该药剂对米象、谷蠹、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗均具有一定的触杀作用,对小眼书虱触杀效果极为显著,当剂量为4g／m^2时,第3天小眼书虱就全部死亡。该药剂对米象的胃毒效果最强,在剂量为4g／kg时死亡率达到100％;对谷蠹、锯谷盗和赤拟谷盗具有较好的胃毒杀虫效果。在剂量4g／kg时对锯谷盗种群抑制率达到100％,对米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗的种群也有较强的抑制作用。以上结果说明了该杀虫剂具有作为一种储粮保护剂的开发潜力。 相似文献
2.
臭椿树皮提取物对四种主要储粮害虫的生物活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了采用索氏提取法,以乙醚作为溶剂提取臭椿树皮的植物提取物,对米象、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗、小眼书虱的控制作用.结果表明:臭椿树皮提取物对米象、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗、小眼书虱均有较强的驱避作用,对米象具有较强的触杀作用,对锯谷盗和米象具有较强的熏蒸作用,对锯谷盗和米象当代种群具有较强的抑制作用. 相似文献
3.
在本试验条件下，陷阱测虫器在高大平房仓内可检测出书虱、玉米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、印度谷蛾幼虫等害虫。用陷阱测虫器调查书虱种群数量变化动态，书虱在仓库粮堆内不同方位的分布与用扦样法的结果基本一致。 相似文献
4.
中央储备粮中主要害虫种类及抗性状况调查 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
通过对246个中央储备粮库磷化氢熏蒸杀虫应用情况的调查信息分析,归纳了当前中央储备粮储藏中通常发生的主要害虫种类及其对应于储粮生态区域分布的差异性,通过对磷化氢熏蒸杀虫难度的调查,研究了储粮害虫对磷化氢的抗性概况,并对磷化氢有效熏蒸杀虫提出大体建议.结果表明,在中央储备粮中实际发生的害虫种类很少,只有米象、玉米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗、长角扁谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、土耳其扁谷盗和书虱常见.而较难熏蒸治理的种类主要是书虱、长角扁谷盗、土耳其扁谷盗、锈赤扁谷盗、谷蠹、米象、赤拟谷盗等,且熏蒸治理难度较大的储粮区主要在华南区、华东华中区和西南区. 相似文献
5.
采用药膜法室内测定新型微生物杀虫药剂艾绿士（有效成分为乙基多杀菌素）对三种主要储粮害虫玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹的作用效果,以储粮保护剂保粮磷作为对照。结果表明：当浓度为16μg/cm2,作用时间48 h时,艾绿士丙酮溶液对三种害虫的防治效果均达97%以上;艾绿士对玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹等三种害虫具有良好的触杀作用,其中对锈赤扁谷盗触杀效果最好;艾绿士对玉米象、锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹的LC50值分别为5.1630μg/cm2、1.9337μg/cm2、5.2517μg/cm2;艾绿士对锈赤扁谷盗和谷蠹的毒力高于保粮磷3倍多,对玉米象的毒力略高于保粮磷。本试验结果对生物药剂艾绿士的有效成分乙基多杀菌素在储粮害虫生物防治方面的合理应用提供了基本依据。 相似文献
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7.
几种植物挥发油杀虫效果的试验研究 总被引：19，自引：7，他引：19
从天然植物中提取的挥发油经初步试验筛选出8种杀虫效果突出的植物，以黄樟油、肉桂油、八角油对试虫（玉米象、谷蠹和赤拟谷盗）作用方式的测定发现，这些植物按发油具有强烈的熏镣和触杀作用，而且具有用量低，致死作用迅速等特点，用植物按发油拌粮不但能杀灭当代害虫，而且能完全控制子代的发生，植物挥发油的驱避作用较强，经持续4周试验后其驱避率仍能保持在80％左右。 相似文献
8.
7种植物提取物对赤拟谷盗种群形成抑制作用的研究 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
选用７种植物提取物，分别设置８００ｐｐｍ，４００ｐｐｍ，２００ｐｐｍ，１００ｐｐｍ，５０ｐｐｍ５个浓度梯度，对赤拟谷盗进行试验。结果表明，对赤拟谷盗种群形成抑制效果最好的是８００ｐｐｍ的桔皮提取物，抑制率为９３．４％，其次是８００ｐｐｍ的脐橙提取物，抑制率为８５．７％。８００ｐｐｍ的一年蓬花瓣，肉桂，艾蒿，山萘，鱼腥草提取物对赤拟谷盗种群形成抑制率依次为７８．１％，７６．４％，７４．４％，６７．８ 相似文献
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10.
25℃条件下不同氮气浓度对储粮害虫控制效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在25℃±1℃,70%±5%R.H.的条件下,研究90%、95%和98%浓度的氮气对储粮害虫的控制效果,结果表明:90%以上氮气对混合虫态发育为成虫以及成虫的生育均有抑制作用,时间越长,抑制效果越好,90%氮气不能用于对害虫成虫的防治;95%氮气对米象、锈赤扁谷盗和书虱成虫有效,但不能有效防治赤拟谷盗和谷蠹成虫,对所有试虫的混合虫态均可以控制,但需要通气的时间较长,对混合虫态的控制效果为依次为:米象>赤拟谷盗>锈赤扁谷盗>谷蠹;98%氮气对所有成虫的控制效果均较好,对混合虫态发育为成虫的控制效果也较好,对成虫的控制效果依次为:米象>锈赤扁谷盗>赤拟谷盗>谷蠹,对混合虫态的控制效果依次为:赤拟谷盗>锈赤扁谷盗>米象>谷蠹。不同浓度氮气对害虫的防治效果与害虫是否具有PH3抗性无关,氮气气调可用于对PH3抗性虫种的防治。 相似文献
11.
Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
12.
C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
14.
G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
15.
Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
16.
Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
18.
W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
19.
D. A. Bond G. J. Jellis G. G. Rowland J. Le Guen L. D. Robertson S. A. Khalil L. Li-Juan 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):151-166
Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses. 相似文献
20.
Chunli TANG Fengxian ZHAO Hongxia CHEN Jiabao MA Jiangcun WEI Meiyan QIU Zhen XIE 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):60-65
[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination... 相似文献