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为探索不同剂量维生素C对蛋鸡免疫机能的影响,将240只体重相近的45日龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E 共5 组,每组设4个重复,每个重复12羽.A组为对照组,对B、C、D、E 4组的鸡颈部皮下注射新城疫Ⅰ系疫苗,在4个试验组的日粮中分别添加0、250、500、750 mg/kg的维生素C,分别在处理后的第7、14、21、28天采样测定供试鸡的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官指数及血清中的新城疫抗体HI效价.结果显示,添加维生素C的C、D、E 组的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官指数均显著高于B 组(P＜0.05),HI效价也显著高于B组(P＜0.05),日粮中500 mg/kg的维生素C添加量效果最好(P＜0.05).表明在鸡的日粮当中适当添加维生素C能显著促进脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官的生长发育,增强免疫系统产生抗体的能力,能改善鸡体的免疫机能. 相似文献
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为了探讨不同剂量维生素C（vitamin C,VC）对蛋鸡免疫机能的影响,将240只体重相近的45日龄罗曼褐壳蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E 5组,每组4个重复,每个重复12只。A组不进行免疫,日粮中也不添加VC,为对照组,B、C、D、E 4组颈部皮下注射新城疫Ι系疫苗进行免疫,并在该4组日粮中分别添加0、250、500、750 mg/kg的VC,分4周测脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官指数及血清中新城疫HI抗体效价。结果显示,添加VC的C、D、E组,蛋鸡脾脏、胸腺等免疫器官指数均显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）高于B组,法氏囊指数在第21、28天显著高于B组（P＜0.05）,新城疫HI抗体效价极显著高于B组（P＜0.01）,且以日粮中500 mg/kg的VC添加量效果最好。由此可见,在鸡的日粮中适当添加VC能促进脾脏、胸腺等免疫器官的生长发育,显著增强免疫系统合成分泌抗体的能力,从而提高鸡体的免疫机能。 相似文献
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研究白术粗多糖(简称白术多糖)对湘黄鸡生长性能的影响,为白术多糖在畜禽业的应用提供依据。试验选用240只1日龄湘黄鸡,随机平均分成5组,每组设4个重复,其中A组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;B、C和D组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加不同梯度(0.2%、0.4%和0.6%)的白术多糖;E组为抗生素添加组。整个饲养试验分为2个阶段,1～14日龄为第1阶段,15～30日龄为第2阶段。结果表明:在1～14日龄阶段,B组脾指数显著高于A和E组,D组胸腺指数显著高于对照组;C组法氏囊指数高于其他各组;在15～30日龄阶段,B组胸腺指数显著高于A和E组,各组间脾指数和法氏囊指数均差异不显著。白术多糖对1～14日龄阶段的湘黄鸡脾、胸腺和法氏囊等免疫器官的发育有一定促进作用。 相似文献
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《饲料工业》2016,(18)
试验研究了在日粮中添加100~300 mg/kg姜黄提取物对文昌鸡生长性能、血液指标和免疫器官指数的影响。300只1日龄雏鸡集中育雏2周后,随机分为4个处理组,每个处理5个重复,每个重复15只。T0组饲喂基础日粮,T100、T200和T300组分别在基础日粮中添加100、200 mg/kg和300 mg/kg姜黄提取物,饲养至12周龄。结果表明,日粮中添加100~200 mg/kg姜黄提取物能提高9~12周龄文昌鸡生长性能。日粮添加姜黄提取物对文昌鸡血液指标无显著影响(P0.05),但可提高9~12周龄文昌鸡胸腺和法氏囊指数。上述结果提示,在日粮添加100~300 mg/kg姜黄提取物可促进和提高文昌鸡后期生长性能和免疫器官指数。 相似文献
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试验将60只体重相近的49日龄海兰褐蛋鸡随机分为A、B、C、D、E5组,每组4个重复,每个重复3只。B、C、D、E4组颈部皮下注射新城疫Ι系疫苗进行免疫,分别在B、C、D、E组日粮中添加0、200、400、800mg/kg的维生素C,分四周测血清中的HI效价及脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数。结果表明:添加维生素C可提高HI效价,对新城疫疫苗免疫效果有促进作用,其中400mg/kg的维生素C效果较好;C、D、E组的脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等脏器指数均高于B组,说明添加维生素C能促进脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊等免疫器官生长发育,进而影响细胞免疫和体液免疫。 相似文献
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试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平维生素A、维生素E和维生素C对肉鸡免疫性能的影响,选用972只AA肉仔鸡,随机分成12组,每组3个重复,每重复27只鸡.试验采用随机试验设计分4个维生素A和维生素E水平组,分别为6 375和37.5IU/kg,8 500和50 IU/kg、10 625和62.5 IUJ/kg、12 750和75 IU/kg.每个维生素A和维生素E水平分3个维生素C处理组,试验鸡在40和49日龄进行屠宰.研究结果表明:1)肉鸡日粮中添加维生素C低于100 mg/kg时,脾指数及法氏囊指数随维生素A和维生素E添加水平的增加而增加,添加维生素C 150 mg/kg时开始降低(P＜0.05);不同水平维生素C对胸腺指数的影响变化不显著.2)日粮中维生素A和维生素E添加水平分别为8 500和50 IU/kg以下时,随日粮中维生素C添加水平的提高,脾指数、法氏囊指数及胸腺指数均相应提高.3)添加水平达到12 750和75 IU/kg时,脾指数及法氏囊指数开始降低.4)添加水平达到10 625和62.5 IU/kg时,随着维生素C的提高,胸腺指数开始下降(P＜0.05).随着日粮中维生素A、维生素E和维生素C添加水平的增加,肉仔鸡的脾指数、法氏囊指数和胸腺指数均提高,但高剂量维生素C、维生素A和维生素E不能提高胸腺指数、法氏囊指数和脾指数.提高肉鸡免疫性能适宜的日粮维生素A、维生素E和维生素C添加水平分别为8 500 IU/kg、50 IU/kg和100 mg/kg. 相似文献
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中药添加剂对海南文昌鸡免疫功能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将180只雌性文昌鸡随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复12只。第1组为空白对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2组为抗生素对照组,在基础日粮中按600 mg/kg添加金霉素;第3、4、5组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%和0.3%的中药添加剂。试验共进行6 w,每周称重,计量采食量。分别于28、35d时接种禽流感疫苗。第49 d、56 d时每组随机取8只鸡,翅静脉采血制备血清,血凝抑制试验检测禽流感疫苗抗体滴度。56 d时将各组已采血8只鸡屠宰后打开腹腔,取胸腺、法氏囊称重并计算免疫器官指数。结果表明,0.2%中药添加剂能显著提高文昌鸡日增重(P<0.05),提高法氏囊指数(P<0.05);0.2%和0.3%中药添加剂均能提高禽流感疫苗抗体滴度(P<0.05)。结果提示,本中药添加剂能够提高海南文昌鸡生产性能和免疫功能。 相似文献
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为了探讨马杜霉素对肉仔鸡免疫器官的影响,试验选择体重相近的1日龄肉仔鸡200只,在日粮中分别不添加马杜霉素(Ⅰ组)和添加5.0 mg/kg(Ⅱ组)、7.5 mg/kg(Ⅲ组)、10.0 mg/kg(Ⅳ组)的马杜霉素,连续饲喂4周,测定各组雏鸡胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊指数。结果表明:5.0 mg/kg马杜霉素3周对肉仔鸡免疫器官发育有一定促进作用,但3周后呈现一定的抑制作用;用7.5 mg/kg和10.0 mg/kg马杜霉素饲喂1周即可抑制免疫器官的生长发育,其抑制作用能持续至停药后1周,但在停药3周后基本恢复正常。说明马杜霉素对肉仔鸡免疫器官发育的抑制作用呈现一定的量效和时效效应。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献