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1.
甜菜夜蛾对几类新型杀虫剂的早期抗性监测 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
用浸叶法测定了江苏和河南等地甜菜夜蛾种群对几种作用方式新颖的新型杀虫剂甲维盐、阿维菌素、茚虫威、溴虫腈、虫酰肼、甲氧虫酰肼及呋喃虫酰肼的敏感性,尽管大多数种群对这些杀虫剂处于敏感阶段,但首次监测到江宁和射阳两个种群已对阿维菌素产生了中等水平的抗性（10.4和14.2倍）,另一个丰县种群对茚虫威也具有低水平的抗性（6.8倍）。测定结果可以为甜菜夜蛾的抗性治理策略的制定提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
甲氨阿维·虫酰肼混剂对不同蔬菜甜菜夜蛾的控制作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
田间小区试验结果表明,5.1%甲氨阿维·虫酰肼可湿性粉剂对番茄和白菜地的甜菜夜蛾均有较好的防治效果。在番茄地甜菜夜蛾卵孵化期施药,850~2000倍液,药后3d的防效最高,达74.92%~94.96%,药后7d已有新的幼虫孵化,防效开始下降;在白菜地甜菜夜蛾不同虫龄混发期施药,药后5d的防效最高,为83.85%~95.52%。对菜青虫有很好的兼治作用,而且对番茄和白菜安全。可以作为防治甜菜夜蛾的有效药剂推广使用,推荐使用浓度为850~1200倍。 相似文献
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<正>南京农业大学植物保护学院联合农业部作物病虫害监测与防控重点开放实验室,近期以敏感品系为对照,利用室内筛选获得的虫酰肼和阿维菌素高抗品系Teb-R和Aba-R,测定了小菜蛾对几种新型杀虫剂的交互抗性。试验结果表明,小菜蛾对虫酰肼产生高水平抗性后(抗性倍数185.5倍),对阿维菌素表现出中等水平交互抗性(41.0 相似文献
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为了评估斜纹夜蛾对甲氧虫酰肼产生抗性的风险,了解甲氧虫酰肼对斜纹夜蛾生物学特性的影响。采用低剂量甲氧虫酰肼对斜纹夜蛾幼虫进行饲毒处理,观察其对斜纹夜蛾生长发育和食物利用的影响。结果表明：低剂量甲氧虫酰肼能抑制斜纹夜蛾当代和子代的生长发育,显著降低幼虫体重和蛹重。从营养指标来看,其幼虫的相对生长率(RGR)、相对取食量(RCR)、食物利用率(ECI)和食物转化率(ECD)均显著低于对照,而近似消化率(AD)则显著高于对照。综合评价认为,低剂量甲氧虫酰肼能显著抑制斜纹夜蛾的生长发育。 相似文献
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棉铃虫对丙溴磷抗性风险评估、预报及交互抗性研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
分别用高浓度和低浓度丙溴磷对室内连续饲养29代的江苏东台棉铃虫连续筛选12代,平均存活率分别为27.5%和46.5%,抗性分别上升了7.1倍和3.7倍,抗性现实遗传力分别为0.1372和0.1171。用高浓度丙溴磷筛选的种群对氟氯氰菊酯、辛硫磷、久效磷及溴氰菊酯具有明显交互抗性(6.3～10.4倍);用Bt生物制剂Dipel和转Bt棉筛选的种群对丙溴磷无交互抗性,但用Bt棉筛选的高抗品系(>1000倍)对辛硫磷具低水平交互抗性(8.0倍)。 相似文献
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<正>抑食肼属苯甲酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂,中文通用名为抑食肼,商品名称有佳蛙、绿巧、锐丁、抑食肼、虫死净等,主要剂型有20%、25%可湿性粉剂,20%胶悬剂,5%颗粒剂等,属低毒杀虫剂,适用于蔬菜上菜青虫、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、 相似文献
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<正>1.商品名或注册商标甲氧虫酰肼、雷通、美满、突击、螟虫净。2.主要剂型24%悬浮剂。3.毒性低毒。4.杀虫机理甲氧虫酰肼属双酰肼类杀虫剂。为一种非固醇型结构的蜕皮激素,模拟天然昆虫蜕皮激素——20-羟基蜕皮激素,激活并附着蜕皮激素受体蛋白,促使鳞翅目幼虫在成熟前提早进入蜕皮过程而又不能形成健康的新表皮,从而导致幼虫提早停止取食、最终死亡。5.产品特点1对防治对象选择性强,只对鳞翅目幼虫有效,对抗性甜菜夜蛾效果极佳, 相似文献
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Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed. 相似文献
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C. J. Spurr D. A. Fulton P. H. Brown R. J. Clark 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(4):275-280
Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality. 相似文献
13.
Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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G. H. Kroon 《Euphytica》1994,76(1-2):125-125
Summary
K x vadensis is a hybrid of K. blossfeldiana and K. marmorata obtained after doubling the number of chromosomes. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Avoidance of rust fungi that was based on poor appressorium induction was previously found in Hordeum chilense. In the present study 95 accessions of Triticeae were screened for avoidance of Puccinia hordei. The percentage of appressorium formation per germinated spore ranged from 6 to 90%. On none of the 41 accessions of Aegilops, Agropyron, Elymus, Secale, Thinopyrum or Triticum studied was the rate of appressorium formation lower than 25%. Lower rates of appressorium formation were, however, found on accessions of wild barley species Hordeum brachyantherum, H. marinum, H. parodii and H. secalinum. Its implications in cereal breeding are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary Reactions of 13 grasses to Meloidogyne naasi varied with species; ryegrasses, fescues and their hybrids were generally susceptible and cocksfoot and timothy resistant. Marked variation in host resistance levels occurred between genotypes within cultivars.Selection of single plants, followed by tests on replicate tillers, identified resistant and susceptible genotypes in both Italian and perennial ryegrass cultivars. Resistant plants had few nematode-induced galls and fewer females and eggs than susceptibles. There was more or less continuous variation, with many genotypes intermediate between extremes of resistance and susceptibility. Selected resistant and susceptible genotypes are of use in assessing variation in nematode populations and as controls for breeding and selection programmes. 相似文献
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W. Erskine M. Tufail A. Russell M. C. Tyagi M. M. Rahman M. C. Saxena 《Euphytica》1993,73(1-2):127-135
Lentil production is limited by lack of moisture and unfavorable temperatures throughout its distribution. Waterlogging and salinity are only locally important. Progress has been made in breeding for tolerance to drought through selection for an appropriate phenology and increased water use efficiency and in breeding for winter hardiness through selection for cold tolerance.The diseases rust, vascular wilt, and Ascochyta blight, caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, and Ascochyta fabae f. sp. lentis, respectively, are the key fungal pathogens of lentil. Cultivars with resistance to rust and Ascochyta blight have been released in several countries and resistant sources to vascular wilt are being exploited. Sources of resistance to several other fungal and viral diseases of regional importance are known. In contrast, although the pea leaf weevil (Sitona spp.) and the parasitic weed broomrape (Orobanche spp.), and to a lesser extent the cyst nematode (Heterodera ciceri), are significant yield reducers of lentil, no sources of resistance to these biotic stresses have been found. Directions for future research in lentil on both biotic and abiotic stresses are discussed. 相似文献
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Herbage yield trials are necessary to test if candidate varieties are well suited for organic conditions. In order to elucidate
a particular suitability for organic conditions, we run such trials in parallel under both organic and conventional conditions.
Here, we report on second and third year results of the sowings 2004 and 2005. These trials are part of a targeted breeding
programme for organic conditions. Irregular colonisation of pure grass plots with adventitious plants, in particular white
clover, was recognized as a major constraint to the quality of the results obtained under organic conditions. The coefficients
of variance in dry matter yield almost doubled when compared to conventional trials, and significant differences in annual
yield among varieties were rare. However, when herbage yield was corrected for the estimated fraction of adventitious plant
colonization at each cut, the number of instances with statistically significant differences for annual yield among varieties
increased more than fourfold. Dry matter yields under organic and conventional conditions were significantly and positively
correlated. However, analysis of variance showed a significant culture type by variety interaction for annual dry matter yield
in 12 out of 24 trials. When diploid and tetraploid varieties of the same Lolium species were tested in one common trial, only tetraploid varieties were identified as being particularly well suited for organic
conditions, while in these trials, the great majority of apparently poorly suited varieties were diploid. This suggests that
breeding tetraploid Lolium varieties is promising when aiming at a favourable response to organic agriculture. 相似文献
20.
Summary Six pear and five apple trials were carried out to ascertain the outcome of combinations of compatible pollen (C) with self (S) or incongruous pollen (I) as to the pollination index (PI=seeds/pollinated flower). The PI of the mixture C+I (1:5) was consistently depressed as compared to that of the control C. The results of the double pollinations S/C and I/C were affected by the temperature at pollination; their PI's at <15°C were twice as high as those at >15°C, being well above and below the PI of C in the former and latter case respectively. The opposite was true for the C/S combination, the PI of which increased with the pollination temperature; the PI of C/I did not differ much from the PI of C, irrespective of temperature. The conclusion was reached that the interaction previously and presently found between compatible and self-incompatible pollen also exists to a fair extent between compatible and incongruous pollen. However, in pear neither the mentor nor the pioneer pollen technique proved to aid its hybridization with apple, the formation of self seed was not observed either. In apple the production of apple × pear hybrids was likewise doubtful, but the double pollinations S/C and C/S formed 4–10% self seed. 相似文献